Kamrosni Abdul Razak
Thumbnail Image
Preferred name
Kamrosni Abdul Razak
Official Name
Razak, Kamrosni Abdul
Alternative Name
Abdul Razak, Kamrosni
Razak, K. Abdul
Razak, Kamrosni Ab
Razak, Kamrosni Abdul
Razak, K. A.
Abdul Razak, K.
K., Abdul Razak
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57207592874
Researcher ID
DNW-1117-2022

Research Output

Filters

22
Reset filters

Settings
Now showing 1 - 10 of 22
  • Publication
    Sintesis filem nipis AG/TIO₂ melalui kaedah sol-gel untuk aplikasi pembersihan diri
    ( 2019)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin film coating has attracted tremendous attention from many researchers due to its light absorption and photocatalytic properties, which make it suitable to be used for self-cleaning applications. In this research, the Ag/TiO₂ thin film was produced by using a simple and fast sol-gel spin coating method. By using a developed formulation, the Ag/TiO₂ thin film coating can be produced in 25 minutes of time. The preparation of the Ag/TiO₂ thin film coating can be divided into three different parameters. For the first parameter, the different concentration of AgNO₃ solution was used. The second parameter involved the different annealing temperatures, while the third parameter studied on the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition onto the formation of the thin film. The synthesized thin film coatings were characterized by using an X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The light absorption study was conducted by using a UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The wettability and photocatalytic testing were also conducted. From the results, the addition of 0.1 M of AgNO₃ solution had produced the Ag/TiO₂ thin film with smooth morphology and homogenously coated over the indium thin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The optical property was enhanced where the light absorption was extended into the visible light range with reducing the energy level from 3.30 eV to 3.10 eV, compared to the TiO₂ thin film that was produced without the addition of AgNO₃. The film also had the lowest water contact angle and exhibited the best self-cleaning behavior with highest decomposition of the methylene blue solution, which is almost 60%. In term of annealing temperature, the optimum temperature for obtaining an anatase (TiO₂) structure with small particles size and homogenous surface morphology was 500 ⁰C. The film light absorption was found to be the highest with lowest energy level, 3.10 eV. The film that was annealed at 500 ⁰C also showed the lowest water contact angle, which is 11.30o and the best self-cleaning properties where more than 70% of the methylene blue solution can be decomposed in 150 minutes. The addition of 0.15 g of PEG resulted in small, homogenous porous structure with 19.6 nm of the particle size. The film had a good absorption in the visible light range with energy level of 2.65 eV and had almost 80% of photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue in 150 minutes. From this research, it can be concluded that the 0.1 M of AgNO₃ concentration, 500oC of annealing temperature and 0.15 g of PEG became an optimum parameter in producing a good self-cleaning Ag/TiO₂ thin film. It was also found that the produced Ag/TiO₂ thin film had a good optical and photocatalytic behavior and suitable to be used in self-cleaning applications.
  • Publication
    Fabrikasi dan penganodan komposit metalurgi serbuk aluminium-magnesium diperkuat gentian pendek alumina saffil
    ( 2013)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    Anodising process on powder metallurgy aluminium-magnesium composites reinforced with short fibre alumina SaffilTM has been studied. PM Al-Mg composites were fabricated using PM route with Mg powder as the alloying element and short fibre alumina SaffilTM as the reinforcements. Mg powder was added in the rate of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 wt% and short fibre alumina SaffilTM 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt% to study the effect of adding those elements in various compositions. Microstructure analysis, density and porosity test and hardness test was used to determine the optimum weight percent of Mg powder and short fibre alumina SaffilTM in the PM Al-Mg composites. Result showed that 2.0 wt% of Mg is the best composition according to the surface morphology of the PM Al-Mg alloy with the least porosity. Meanwhile, the density and hardness recorded the highest value with this composition, 2.3 g/cm3 and 37.1 HVN accordingly. The optimum composition for short fibre alumina SaffilTM is 10% according to the density of 2.25 g/cm3, hardness value of 48 HVN, and had the most homogenous fibre distribution compared to the other compositions. After that, PM Al-Mg composite samples were coated in sulphuric acid anodising process. The study focused on effect of the various anodising voltage (10V, 12V, 14V, 16V and 18V) in 15% sulphuric acid and various concentration of sulphuric acid (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) on the growth of a good anodising coating film. The anodising process were done in the room temperature (+25oC) for 60 minutes. The increasing of the coating film mass were recorded every 10 minutes for each anodising parameters. Cross sectional morphology was used to analyse the anodising coating film thickness formed on the surface of PM Al-Mg composites. The increasing of anodising voltage and concentration of sulphuric acid resulted on the increasing of anodising coating film. From the result, the most suitable anodising voltage is 16V and 15% concentration of sulphuric acid according to the coating film formed is uniform, less of porosity and showed the best rate of coating film mass. The maximum hardness value was also shown by anodising with 16V voltage (63HVN) and 15% concentration of sulphuric acid (64 HVN). After the anodising process, PM Al-Mg composite samples were tested in electrochemical testing in 3.5% NaCl solution to study the effect of various parameters of anodising coating on corrosion resistance. Tafel analysis showed that the corrosion rate was decreased and corrosion resistance was increased after the anodising coating process on PM Al-Mg composites. The minimum corrosion rate and maximum corrosion resistance were recorded by anodising with 16V voltage and 15% concentration of sulphuric acid, same goes to the best parameters of anodising. A good anodising coating can decrease the corrosion rate and increase the corrosion resistance of PM Al-Mg composite samples.
  • Publication
    Microstructural studies of Ag/TiO2 thin film; effect of annealing temperature
    ( 2021)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    C.H. Dewi Suryani
    ;
    A. Azliza
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    V. Chobpattana
    ;
    L. Kaczmarek
    ;
    B. Jeż
    ;
    M. Nabiałek
    Microstructures are an important link between materials processing and performance, and microstructure control is essential for any materials processing route where the microstructure plays a major role in determining the properties. In this work, silverdoped titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) thin film was prepared by the sol-gel method through the hydrolysis of titanium tetra-isopropoxide and silver nitrate solution. The sol was spin coated on ITO glass substrate to get uniform film followed by annealing process for 2 hours. The obtained films were annealed at different annealing temperatures in the range of 300°C-600°C in order to observe the effect on crystalline state, microstructures and optical properties of Ag/TiO2 thin film. The thin films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It is clearly seen, when the annealing temperature increases to 500°C, a peak at 2θ = 25.30° can be seen which refers to the structure of TiO2 tetragonal anatase. The structure of Ag/TiO2 thin film become denser, linked together, porous and uniformly distributed on the surface and displays the highest cut-off wavelength value which is 396 nm with the lowest band gap value, which is 3.10 eV. Keywords: Ag/TiO2; Annealing Temperature; Microstructure; Optical Properties; Thin Film
  • Publication
    Microstructure evolution of Ag/TiO2 thin film
    ( 2021)
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Ayu Wazira Azhari
    ;
    Kazuhiro Nogita
    ;
    Hideyuki Yasuda
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    ;
    Jerzy J. Wysłocki
    Ag/TiO2 thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The microstructural growth behaviors of the prepared Ag/TiO2 thin films were elucidated using real-time synchrotron radiation imaging, its structure was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), its morphology was imaged using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and its surface topography was examined using the atomic force microscope (AFM) in contact mode. The cubical shape was detected and identified as Ag, while the anatase, TiO2 thin film resembled a porous ring-like structure. It was found that each ring that coalesced and formed channels occurred at a low annealing temperature of 280 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) result revealed a small amount of Ag presence in the Ag/TiO2 thin films. From the in-situ synchrotron radiation imaging, it was observed that as the annealing time increased, the growth of Ag/TiO2 also increased in terms of area and the number of junctions. The growth rate of Ag/TiO2 at 600 s was 47.26 µm2/s, and after 1200 s it decreased to 11.50 µm2/s and 11.55 µm2/s at 1800 s. Prolonged annealing will further decrease the growth rate to 5.94 µm2/s, 4.12 µm2/s and 4.86 µm2/s at 2400 s, 3000 s and 3600 s, respectively.
  • Publication
    Influence of carbonization conditions and temperature variations on the characteristics of coconut shell carbon
    ( 2024-03)
    Yee Wen Yap
    ;
    Nurul Najiha Abu Bakar
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
    ;
    Siti Norsaffirah Zailan
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Osman
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Mohd Yusry Mohamad Yunus
    This research aims to study the impact of carbonization atmospheres (ambient and nitrogen) and temperature on the properties of the coconut shell carbon (CSC) formed. To characterize the properties of CSC, the char yield percentage was calculated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of CSC while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was done to identify the degree of graphitization. The carbon formed by carbonization under the nitrogen atmosphere yields lower char percentages compared to the ambient atmosphere. When the carbonization temperature elevated, both atmospheres produced a lower char yield percentage. This result is aligned with the SEM analysis where more and larger pores were observed from the carbon produced at higher temperatures and the result was further enhanced under a nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the char yield of CSC decreased from 20.9% to 11.4% when the carbonization temperature increased from 400°C to 1000°C under the ambient atmosphere. More significant changes were formed through the carbonization process under the nitrogen atmosphere (from 18.3% to 6.03%). Pores formed when the volatile materials are released due to the elevated carbonization temperature, resulting in a reduction in total weight thus, the char yield percentage. From the XRD, all CSC produced from both atmospheres with varying temperatures poses an amorphous XRD pattern. However, the right shifted peak and the presence of an additional peak of ~40° suggest that under different temperatures and atmospheres, the crystallinity of the CSC produced was affected. This research provides insight for optimizing CSC production in the future to enhance the application of CSC.
  • Publication
    Surface Modification of GO/TiO2 Thin Film by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate for Photocatalytic Applications
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Vizureanu P.
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Sandu A.V.
    ;
    Mohamad N.
    Photocatalyst material titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) were used to improve the self-cleaning properties of thin films. The sol–gel spin-coating method was successfully used to synthesize GO/TiO2 thin films. Surface modification was applied to optimize the self-cleaning capabilities by adding several concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (0.1 w/v%, 0.2 w/v%, 0.3 w/v%, 0.4 w/v%, and 0.5 w/v%) to the parent solution. The synthesized thin films were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, and photocatalytic analysis. The AFM and SEM images revealed that as the SDS amount increased, the particles became less agglomerated, and the roughness of the surface reduced from 2.54 × 102 nm to 0.83 × 102 nm. The wettability analysis showed that when SDS increased to 0.4 w/v%, the water contact angle dropped to 15.30°, implying that the thin film exhibits hydrophilic qualities. A decrease in the GO/TiO2 band gap was obtained linearly with the increase in SDS addition from 3.17 eV to 2.75 eV. Finally, the improvement of the surface coating and reduction of the band gap enhanced the photocatalytic activity, which degraded 78.97% of methylene blue, which was obtained by 0.4SDS.
      2
  • Publication
    Recent Advances in Synthesis of Graphite from Agricultural Bio-Waste Material: A Review
    ( 2023-05-01)
    Yap Y.W.
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Mohd Natashah Norizan
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohamad I.S.
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohamad Yunus M.Y.
    Graphitic carbon is a valuable material that can be utilized in many fields, such as electronics, energy storage and wastewater filtration. Due to the high demand for commercial graphite, an alternative raw material with lower costs that is environmentally friendly has been explored. Amongst these, an agricultural bio-waste material has become an option due to its highly bioactive properties, such as bioavailability, antioxidant, antimicrobial, in vitro and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, biomass wastes usually have high organic carbon content, which has been discovered by many researchers as an alternative carbon material to produce graphite. However, there are several challenges associated with the graphite production process from biomass waste materials, such as impurities, the processing conditions and production costs. Agricultural bio-waste materials typically contain many volatiles and impurities, which can interfere with the synthesis process and reduce the quality of the graphitic carbon produced. Moreover, the processing conditions required for the synthesis of graphitic carbon from agricultural biomass waste materials are quite challenging to optimize. The temperature, pressure, catalyst used and other parameters must be carefully controlled to ensure that the desired product is obtained. Nevertheless, the use of agricultural biomass waste materials as a raw material for graphitic carbon synthesis can reduce the production costs. Improving the overall cost-effectiveness of this approach depends on many factors, including the availability and cost of the feedstock, the processing costs and the market demand for the final product. Therefore, in this review, the importance of biomass waste utilization is discussed. Various methods of synthesizing graphitic carbon are also reviewed. The discussion ranges from the conversion of biomass waste into carbon-rich feedstocks with different recent advances to the method of synthesis of graphitic carbon. The importance of utilizing agricultural biomass waste and the types of potential biomass waste carbon precursors and their pre-treatment methods are also reviewed. Finally, the gaps found in the previous research are proposed as a future research suggestion. Overall, the synthesis of graphite from agricultural bio-waste materials is a promising area of research, but more work is needed to address the challenges associated with this process and to demonstrate its viability at scale.
      4
  • Publication
    The effect of GO/TiO2 thin film during photodegradation of methylene blue dye
    ( 2021-09-01)
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Chobpattana V.
    Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) was used to synthesize GO/TiO2 thin films using a sol-gel spin-coating method onto a glass substrate, undergoing an heat tretment at 350 °C. Several amounts of graphene oxide (GO) (0-20mg) were weighed into a sol solution of TiO2 to produce GO/TiO2 thin films. The thin film samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze the samples’ phase and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the samples’ microstructure. Physical testing such as water contact angle (WCA) was analyzed using an optical microscope with J-Image software. In contrast, the optical band gap and photodegradation of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation of the thin film was analyzed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. GO5 thin film sample showed low-intensity anatase phase formation, where the microstructure revealed a larger surface area with the addition of GO. WCA reveals that GO/TiO2 thin film exhibits super hydrophilic properties where the angle decreases from 37.83° to 4.11°. The optical result shows that GO has improved the absorption edges by expanding into visible regions. Moreover, due to the existence of GO 3.30 eV band gap energy of TiO2 decreases from to 3.18 eV obtained by GO5. The improved adsorption edge allows Ti3+, O2 and interstitial states to be formed in low valence states with energy underneath than in the TiO2 band gap. Therefore, the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye increases from 48 % to 59 % in the GO/TiO2 thin film.
      4  1
  • Publication
    The effect of polyethylene glycol addition on wettability and optical properties of GO/TiO2 thin film
    ( 2021)
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Wojciech Sochacki
    ;
    Tomasz Skrzypczak
    Modification has been made to TiO2 thin film to improve the wettability and the absorption of light. The sol-gel spin coating method was successfully used to synthesize GO/TiO2 thin films using a titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor. Different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (20 to 100 mg) were added into the parent sol solution to improve the optical properties and wettability of the GO/TiO2 thin film. The effect of different amounts of PEG was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the phase composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure observation, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the surface topography, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) for the optical properties and wettability of the thin films by measuring the water contact angle. The XRD analysis showed the amorphous phase. The SEM and AFM images revealed that the particles were less agglomerated and surface roughness increases from 1.21 × 102 to 2.63 × 102 nm when the amount of PEG increased. The wettability analysis results show that the water contact angle of the thin film decreased to 27.52° with the increase of PEG to 80 mg which indicated that the thin film has hydrophilic properties. The optical properties also improved significantly, where the light absorbance wavelength became wider and the band gap was reduced from 3.31 to 2.82 eV with the presence of PEG.
      1  2
  • Publication
    Synthesis of Zn/TiO2 Thin Films for Self-Cleaning Applications
    ( 2022-07-01)
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Abidin A.S.Z.
    ;
    Azani A.
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Sandu A.V.
    ;
    Vizureanu P.
    ;
    Kaczmarek L.
    ;
    Garus S.
    ;
    Garus J.
    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film has been widely used in semiconductor applications. The surface modification on TiO2 has been done by adding zinc (Zn) in order to improve surface wettability and enhance the photocatalysis efficiency for solar cell applications. Self-cleaning technology is very important to sustain the efficiency of the solar cell and reduce the cost of the maintenance of the solar cell. In this work, the sol–gel method was used due to the economic factor and its best efficiency. The sol–gel method is a wet chemical technique involving several steps, such as hydrolysis and polycondensation, gelation, aging, drying, densification, and crystallization. The X-Ray diffraction pattern shows that anatase and rutile phases were detected at 2θ = 36.3864◦. It was clearly seen at 4% Zn-doped TiO2 annealed at 400◦C that due to the increment of Zn concentration, the phase transformed from the anatase phase to the rutile phase at high temperature. The scanning electron microscope micrograph shows that Zn concentration affects grain size. The water contact angle produced when 4% Zn-doped TiO2 was annealed at 300◦C, was 18◦ — higher than in the sample of 4% Zn-doped TiO2 annealed at 400◦C. These results clearly showed that the dopant concentration and the annealing temperature influence the properties of TiO2 for a self-cleaning application.
      2