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PublicationPhase formation and microstructure analyses of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ-BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O2.95composite material prepared by solid state mixing method(IOP Publishing, 2020)A composite material of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ-BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O2.95 (LSC-BCZY) was prepared by mixing sol-gel derived LSC and BCZY powders in different weight percentage (wt%) ratio of LSC to BCZY (LSC:BCZY). The prepared composite powders were denoted as S1 (30:70), S2 (50:50) and S3 (70:30). The powders were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and porosity analyzer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. XRD analysis confirmed that all of the powders were not pure enough due to the presence of impurity phases such as barium carbonate (BaCO3) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and unknown phases. S1 powder has the highest amount of impurity phases (81.19 %) and the largest BET surface area (4.82 m2 g−1). All of the powders formed typical clump-like network structure as proven by SEM analysis. EDX analysis revealed that the elemental compositions of La, Sr and Zr were deviated from their nominal mole fractions in all powders due to the Zr-rich clusters formation. The results indicate that the formation of pure and homogenous LSC-BCZY composite powder prepared by solid state mixing method requires further modification and improvement of the preparation method.
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PublicationAnalysis about implementation of pico-hydro circulation system as renewable energy with low head(AIP Publishing, 2023)The implementation of the utilization of pico-hydro energy generators with circulation systems using water as the working fluid currently exists, but needs to be further developed so that it is more widely applied by the community. In the current situation, where we know that countries in the world are trying to have an environmentally friendly energy source. This research that has been completed aims to analyze how the implementation of the performance of using pico hydro if it is applied with a low head. In this study, the method was carried out experimentally on a laboratory experimental scale, this was done in order to obtain data to be able to proceed with the implementation of pico hydro at low head flow. In this section of the results we can present that with a low head the implementation of pico hydro can be applied, various blade angles provide information on an increase in performance if the angle is greater it can be seen that from point 0 to 90 there is an increasing tangential force that works, this is due to the increasing the magnitude of the applied force. As for losses, the greater the flow capacity, the greater the losses. The biggest losses are at the angle of the turbine shaft slope of 60° and blade 90, which is 0.28 m.
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PublicationRelationship of grain size & shape factor of nickel aluminium bronze at different cavity thickness(AIP Publishing, 2023)The purpose of this study is to develop the customized connecting rod based on NAB alloy. Later the relationships of alloy's grain size with its shape factor, at different section of connecting rod mainly at large, medium and small were compared to cooling rate. Several parameters such as NAB's composition (based on ASTM B148 UNS C95800), the type and amount of degassing agent used, the microstructure behavior of NAB such as the effect of cooling rate to the grain size, DAS and SDAS of NAB alloy was also investigated. The experiment included optical microscope equipment for microstructure and SEM/ EDS observation to determine the grain size and distribution which may relate to its cooling rate. The experimental result shows that the grain size and shape factor are significantly depend on the cooling rate where is, slower cooling rate will produce more fine grain and microstructure. The same trend also observed in the grain size which is highly depend on the cooling rate. The higher the cooling rate, the smaller the grain size of the NAB connecting rod.
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PublicationErgonomics assessment of production’s workstations – a case study in the food manufacturing industry(AIP Publishing, 2023)Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is the common injury among workers in the manufacturing industry. Industrial workers tend to experience MSD due to unsuitable occupation they performed. This study aims to assess the level of ergonomics risk factor (ERF) in production's workstations using an ergonomics assessment tools. The study was conducted at a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) a food manufacturing company located in Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. Initial assessment based on field observations, interviews and a self-report survey was first carried out to identify the current practice of working environment in production activities of the company. The result of the initial assessment reveals that 100% of 8 respondents have experience pain/discomfort at the back followed by waist/buttock with 87.5%, then 37.5% at shoulder, while lower neck and knee share the same percentage of 25% and the least percentage of 12.5% at upper neck and foot. This indicates that the existing design of the workplace does not provide comfort, satisfaction, health and safety from high risks of MSD. Then, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tools were applied to further assessment their ERF on seven workstations. Results found that the filling (Workstation 4) is the highest risk condition due to the highest score of REBA and this workstation requires necessary "NOW"action. Thus, some related recommendations for improvement were then given for future works planning include redesign filling workstation, reducing distances between workstations, height adjustable worktable and ergonomics training.
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PublicationOptimization of soaking time for graphitization of oil palm trunk waste(AIP Publishing, 2023)Synthetic graphite was synthesized from oil palm trunk chip in controlled heating condition or pyrolysis process. The soaking time was varied in the range of 2.5 hours, 3 hours, and 3.5 hours. While the heating rate and heating temperature was constant at 20 °/min and 500°C accordingly. After heat treatment process, the samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and analyzed using X'Pert Highscore Plus software. Synthetic graphite phase was analyzed by XRD and it was further supported by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis to verify existence of functional group. The morphological study was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the analysis, it was confirmed that synthetic graphite was successfully synthesized at 3hours soaking time with 500 °C and 20 °/min heating rate. Synthetic graphite was observed in the form of amorphous carbon based on the XRD diffraction pattern that match with the reference code of 00-041-1487.
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