Conference Publications
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PublicationPetrographical analysis on microcracks and Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) of saltwater intruded concrete(Springer, 2023)The purpose of this study is to analyze deteriorated concrete samples from a port that located at southwest of Johor. The structure is exposed to aggressive environment which is seawater. Seawater contains chloride and sulfate which can promote to the concrete and structure deterioration due to chemical and mechanical reactions. Microstructural study which is petrographic analysis is aimed to examine the presence of microcrack and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in micro-sized scale. Microcrack and DEF images are identified under polarizing microscope. The other method is used X-ray diffraction method as to determine the mineral content while rebound hammer test validates the mechanical strength of the port’s structure. Microcracks and zonal boundaries are obviously observed in relation to the DEF content to samples with low mechanical strength. DEF is proven its growth with the 5.7–10.4% of mineral composition, especially ettringite caused the material strength reduced.
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PublicationBuffalo reef mesothermal gold mineralization mineralogy and geochemistry in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia(Springer, 2023)In Pahang, the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Buffalo Reef remains active as a gold mine among the main gold deposits at the North of Selinsing Gold Mine. Mineralization of gold is possible when stibnite occurs in quartz veins. The main purpose of this study is to examine the geological condition governing the mineralization of ore and the origin of gold mineralization of Buffalo Reef. The XRD result shows the quartz stage (SiO2) while quartz, sillimanite and stibnite are identified. Ten samples were tested with XRF geochemical studies showing SiO2 contents of 24.98–70.67 wt%, and the overall Na2O + K2O diagram versus SiO2 alkaline diagram showed varies basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite series with favourable and random distribution. The deposits region consists of the thick Permian rock sequences especially tuff volcanic rock that is intertwined by clay (argillite, phyllite) and carbonate rocks. Mineralization of volcanic rock and pyroclastic tuff supporting and regulating the orogenic gold deposit under the Raub–Bentong framework. The region epizoic and mesonic with a mesothermal deposit characterized by the presence of gold, stibnite and arsenopyrite with the grade of gold is 4.01 g/t Au from AAS.
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PublicationDevelopment of low-cost, high-efficiency powder transfer system for food industry(Springer, 2023)Powder Transfer System (PTS) has been widely used in various industries to transport powder from one workstation to another. It speeds up the loading process while decreasing operator fatigue and manual handling. Majority of food industry in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), Perlis, is still using the manual handling methods to transfer the powder from mixer to filling funnel station which requires higher needs of manpower. Hence, PTS is introduced to overcome the problems in the industry with the aim of development of low cost (affordable by SME industries) yet high efficiency system. Development of this system started from selecting the most suitable transfer system for food grade powder with the consideration of the working principle and safety for food and environment. Pneumatic Vacuum Conveying System (PVCS) is selected as the most suitable system in this project through the system selection process. This project also includes the system design which involves the designation of system function and design based on requirements by using the functional decomposition and engineering CAD drawing software—SolidWorks, material selections for the system components which suitable for food grade conditions, and cost estimation. Lastly, validation of the system design structure stability, transfer rate analysis, and development of the prototype are carried out at company M, one of the SME companies in Perlis, Malaysia.
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PublicationAn investigation of energy consumption in fused deposition modelling using ESP32 IoT monitoring system(Elsevier, 2023)Energy price and availability have become an urgent global challenge. Manufacturers need to model and reduce energy consumption and cost. To enable energy smart manufacturing using Industry 4.0, there is a need to develop a framework for energy monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, an energy-monitoring device has been developed using ESP32 as IoT system to monitor energy consumption on the fused deposition modelling machine. The energy consumed is measured and categorised according to its manufacturing process states. This paper proposes an IoT system capable of simultaneously measuring the energy consumed in the machine's components during the printing process into idle state, warm-up state, printing state and cool-down state. This platform technology can be a basis for simultaneous monitoring of multiple machines in a production system.
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PublicationExperimental analysis of geological structure to the water intrusion into tunnel(Springer, 2023-07)This paper presents a geological characteristic in Karak for water transfer tunnel. A dense population that exists year by year in the urban area created a problem which is high demand water consumption. In order to avoid running out of water in the future, the government has planned to make a water transfer tunnel that connects from catchment area from Karak to Langat. The objectives of this study are to study the joint pattern and overburden at NATM-2 and to investigate the relationship between joint pattern, overburden, and water inrush. Fieldwork has been carried out to collect the data from the site. The data collected is tunnel face mapping. From the data, we can accomplish the objective needed. Analysis for this study involved the analysis of the structural map, geological map, tunnel face mapping along 1927 m of total length at NATM-2. The geological structures especially in the strength and water inrush that presents within meta-sedimentary rock have affected the excavation process and decreased the tunnel performance. Three types of joints orientations observed are parallel with the main lineament orientation, perpendicular to the tunnel, and crossing random voids. Most water inrush occurrences are seen as in line with the joint sets orientation which are parallel orientations, perpendicular to the tunnel drive direction and 1 most least is cross voids that crossing with random pocket water zones.
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