Research Output
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PublicationParametric Study on The Rice Bran Protein Extraction Process Using Water as a Solvent( 2022-01-01)Rice bran is a by-product resulting from the milling process that is frequently underutilized as cattle food or disposed through open-burning despite of its high nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Thus, this research aims in recognizing and exploring rice bran and its extraction methods that could further cultivate in the industry. This study focuses on the rice bran extraction process using water assisted with ultrasonication. The relationship between the operational parameters such as the temperature, extraction time and sample-to-solvent ratio to the protein yield were studied. The rice bran protein was subjected to the surface functional group analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a conclusion, the extraction temperature of 60°C, sample to solvent ratio of 10 % and extraction time of 25 mins were chosen as the best conditions for the protein extraction. The extraction of the protein from rice bran is highly profitable due to its nutritional and nutraceutical properties as well as it is readily available at low cost.
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PublicationReduced Graphene Oxide UWB Array Sensor: High Performance for Brain Tumor Imaging and Detection( 2023-01-01)A low cost, with high performance, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) Ultra-wide Band (UWB) array sensor is presented to be applied with a technique of confocal radar-based microwave imaging to recognize a tumor in a human brain. RGO is used to form its patches on a Taconic substrate. The sensor functioned in a range of 1.2 to 10.8 GHz under UWB frequency. The sensor demonstrates high gain of 5.2 to 14.5 dB, with the small size of 90 mm × 45 mm2, which can be easily integrated into microwave imaging systems and allow the best functionality. Moreover, the novel UWB RGO array sensor is established as a detector with a phantom of the human head. The layers’ structure represents liquid-imitating tissues that consist of skin, fat, skull, and brain. The sensor will scan nine different points to cover the whole one-sided head phantom to obtain equally distributed reflected signals under two different situations, namely the existence and absence of the tumor. In order to accurately detect the tumor by producing sharper and clearer microwave image, the Matrix Laboratory software is used to improve the microwave imaging algorithm (delay and sum) including summing the imaging algorithm and recording the scattering parameters. The existence of a tumor will produce images with an error that is lower than 2 cm.
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PublicationA review of diesel spray research( 2020-12-18)The following literature review provides an overview of research and a summary of the most condition that relevant to the present study. The overview focuses on such parameter such as the effect of ambient condition (density and temperature), the effect of fuel injection, the effect of injection pressure, the effect of mass fuel and effect of nozzle diameter that probably effects into the droplets distribution, sprays evaporation and mixture formation of diesel spray. The preferred format has been choosing to allow an easier scanning and classification which intend to summarize the relevant topic and study regarding the diesel spray fields.
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PublicationZero-Biasing Split Ring Resonator using Metamaterial Element for High Gain Superstrates Ultra-Wideband Antenna( 2023-03-01)Complex materials with artificial structures known as metamaterials (MTM) have unique properties that draw several scientists to use them in a variety of research fields. In addition, MTM can go beyond some of the restrictions placed on tools used in technical practise while improving the characteristics of microwaves. The Internet of Things (IoT) application calls for the construction of zero-index Split Ring Resonator (SRR) MTM element superstrates with an ultra-wideband antenna. Keep in mind that the MTM simulates behaviour that is not found in nature, namely the zero-reflection phase (dB) on the resonance frequency. For this project, an antenna with an SRR MTM unit cell operating at 2.70 GHz is built. The SRR has four inductance-related loops (r1, r2, r3, and r4), and gaps (slots) are added to the ring to produce the capacitance effect. Parametric research has been done for the SSR in the interim to identify the best design with zero indexes, permittivity and permeability at the desired frequency. The MTM unit cells array design's 7 x 4 and 10 x 5 dimensions achieved a dB of 0° at the 2.70 GHz frequency range. A 7 x 4 MTM unit cell makes up the first design, MTM Antenna Design 1, which at 2.70 GHz recorded a gain of 5.70 dB and a return loss (S11) of-20.007 dB. The return loss (S11) at a frequency of 2.70 GHz was-19.734 dB in the second design, an MTM antenna consisting of 10 x 5 MTM unit cells, which recorded a gain of 5.66 dB.
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PublicationSpray Drying Optimization for Rice Bran Protein (RBP) Powder Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)( 2022-01-01)Rice bran is a by-product of the rice milling process which contain a high concentration of protein. It’s are often used as a feed cattle, fertilizer, and fuel. Its application as a source of human nutrition is rare due to high lipid concentration. This lipid concentration can be reduced through the extraction process. After the extraction process, the rice bran extract needs to be converted into powder form through a drying process for the quality preservation. In this study, spray drying is utilized as drying technique. The aims of this study were to optimize the spray drying parameter; inlet temperature, feed flowrate and air flowrate for rice bran protein (RBP) powders production. Box Behnken Design (BBD) model in response surface methodology (RSM) are utilized in this study to maximize the RBP powder yield and protein concentration. Raw rice bran (RRB) was extracted using thermal water-based extraction method before the drying process. The optimum condition suggested by the model are at the inlet temperature of 120oC, feed flowrate of 18.38% and air flowrate of 670 L/hr which produced RBP powder yield of 19.42 g RBP/100g RRB and protein concentration of 17.32 mg/ml. The model obtains in this study show a low error between the predicted value and experimental data at 1.68 % and 1.14 % for RBP powder yield and protein concentration respectively. The model can be used to evaluate the process characteristic and understanding.
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PublicationDevelopment of Surveillance Hovercraft via Arduino( 2024-02-01)The current research focuses on the development of hovercraft via Arduino. The vehicle is designed with bag skirt structure in order to reduce friction for smooth operation. Nowadays, there are a lot of natural disaster occur in everywhere especially flood. However, hovercraft is a vehicle that need a driver to drive which can cause a danger to the rescuer. Based on this problem, a wireless hovercraft is needed to develop. This study explains a hovercraft which is able to control the movement of the hovercraft from the surface. The design of the hovercraft was successfully made by using AutoCAD software. Furthermore, the material of the body was made from the insulation foam while the microprocessor is Arduino UNO R3. There are two brushless DC motors and one servo motor that used for this hovercraft. The first brushless DC motor which is located below the hovercraft is used as a hover operation, while the second motor located behind it is used to ensure the hovercraft move forward. In addition, the performance of the hovercraft was successfully tested on the 3 different surfaces. As a result, the highest performance is on the cement while the lowest is on the grass.
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PublicationLiquid Composition Identification and Characteristic Measurement Using Ultrasonic Transmission Technique via Neural Network( 2023-08-01)This project is to determine the composition of liquids solvent by using the ultrasonic frequency signal from echoscope scan machine. The transmission technique of ultrasonic signal is focused. On the research experiment, studies on mixing of distilled water with control sodium chloride (Kitchen Salt), kitchen sugar and monosodium glutamate (MSG). The Parameters such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) which is the parameters are using to identify the ratio of composition of liquid solvent. The feature extraction of median, average and root mean square (RMS) from FFT is represented with different result analysis such as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Area under curve, kappa, F-measure and precision. The results performed more than 90% with Neural Network.
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PublicationAquaponic Ecosystem Monitoring with IOT Application( 2023-08-01)Aquaculture is an agricultural technology that combines aquaculture (fish farming activities) with hydroponic activities (planting crops without soil media) in one circulation. The most important element in aquaculture is the existence of fish, plants, and bacteria. These three elements form a mutually beneficial relationship or symbiotic mutualism. The main purpose of the aquaculture system is to maintain water quality and reduce ammonia levels from the water so that it can be utilized by other organisms. In addition, aquaculture can also save space and can produce two types of human food simultaneously, plants and livestock. Agricultural technology design with Aquaculture also uses the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) as information from sensors and sensors of value generator is accessible through applications installed on smartphones from anywhere with an Internet connection. Development of monitoring of aquaponic ecosystems with IoT systems was developed using a program using micro-controls to control temperature, humidity, pH levels and water pumps. There are some improvements made to this project.
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PublicationApplication System Development of Accident Prevention and Safety Assistance using IoT Application( 2023-08-01)The number of road accidents in Malaysia shows a steady increment from 2010 to 2019, reported by the Ministry of Transport Malaysia. This project aims to develop a system to prevent an accident by detecting aggressive driving. If an accident occurred, this system would send an alert for an immediate response, which is crucial to reduce the fatality rate. An accelerometer is utilized to detect aggressive driving and accident events. The method to detect aggressive driving is by determining an abrupt change in acceleration. For accident detection, the vehicle tilt angle and acceleration are monitored. An ESP32 SIM800L microcontroller processes the inputs and alert a web-based cloud service and a set phone number by Short Message Service (SMS). The microcontroller is used due to the embedded Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and other wireless communication modules. The small form factor gives an advantage in terms of mounting location flexibility. The alert contains the type of event, time, and location. This report contains the development of the proposed system, which includes the simulation for the system circuit and motion simulation. Accident detection, falls, SMS alerts and online alerts are consistently successful, while aggressive driving detection is inconsistent. Live tracking does not directly work during these detections. In conclusion, this project successfully detects accidents and sends alerts via SMS and internet using a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card.
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PublicationLeukemia Blood Cells Detection using Neural Network Classifier( 2023-12-01)Image segmentation is an image processing operation performed on the image in order to partition the image into some images based on the information contained in the original image. Image segmentation plays an important role in many medical imaging applications, image segmentation facilitates the anatomy process in a particular body of human body. Classification and clustering are the methods used un data mining for analyzing the data sets and divide them on the basis of some particular classification rules. There are many image segmentation tools that used for medical purpose, so it is necessary to define and/or to improve the image segmentation methods in order to get the best method. In this study, the image of leukemia and red blood cells will be used as samples to determine the best algorithm in image segmentation. The procedure for doing segmentation itself is clustering image, edge detection on image, and image classification. The clustering is to extract important information from an image. The edge detection is to determine the existence of edges of lines in image in order to investigate and localize the desired edge features. Moreover, the classification analyzes the properties of some images and organizes the information into certain categories. In this study, the Neural Network and K-Nearest Neighbor are used for image classification by paired with Local Binary Pattern and Principal Component Analysis. The results revealed that the best method of proven in classifying images is from Local Binary Pattern feature extraction with the average accuracy of 94%.
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