Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
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Preferred name
Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
Official Name
Subash Chandra Bose, Gopinath
Alternative Name
Gopinath, S.
Gopinath, S. C.B
Subash Gopinath, C. B.
Subash, Gopinath
Subash C. B. Gopinath
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
7006558013
Researcher ID
D-2953-2015

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  • Publication
    Nanodiamond conjugated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: electrochemical impedance immunosensing on a gold microelectrode
    ( 2022-06-01)
    Ramanathan S.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Hilmi Ismail Z.
    ;
    Subramaniam S.
    A promising immunosensing strategy in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 is proposed using a 10-µm gap-sized gold interdigitated electrode (AuIDE) to target the surface spike protein (SP). The microelectrode surface was modified by (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane to enforce the epoxy matrix, which facilitates the immobilization of the anti-SP antibody. The immunosensing performance was evaluated by integrating a nanosized (~ 10 nm) diamond-complexed SP as a target. The proposed immunoassay was quantitatively evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with the swept frequency from 0.1 to 1 MHz using a 100 mVRMSAC voltage supply. The immunoassay performed without diamond integration showed low sensitivity, with the lowest SP concentration measured at 1 pM at a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.9681. In contrast, the nanodiamond-conjugated SP on the immunosensor showed excellent sensitivity with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.986. SP detection with a nanodiamond-conjugated target on AuIDE reached the low limit of detection at 189 fM in a linear detection range from 250 to 8000 fM. The specificity of the developed immunosensor was evaluated by interacting influenza-hemagglutinin and SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid protein with anti-SP. In addition, the authentic interaction of SP and anti-SP was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
  • Publication
    Production and characterization of graphene from carbonaceous rice straw by cost-effect extraction
    ( 2021-05-01)
    Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Uda Hashim
    ;
    Halim N.H.
    ;
    Nor Azizah Parmin
    ;
    Muhammad Nur Afnan Uda
    ;
    Anbu P.
    This paper describes the synthesis of graphene-based activated carbon from carbonaceous rice straw fly ash in an electrical furnace and the subsequent potassium hydroxide extraction. The produced graphene has a proper morphological structure; flakes and a rough surface can be observed. The average size of the graphene was defined as up to 2000 nm and clarification was provided by high-resolution microscopes (FESEM and FETEM). Crystallinity was confirmed by surface area electron diffraction. The chemical bonding from the graphene was clearly observed, with –C=C– and O–H stretching at peaks of 1644 cm−1 and 3435 cm−1, respectively. Impurities in the graphene were found using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The measured size, according to zeta-potential analysis, was 8722.2 ± 25 nm, and the average polydispersity index was 0.576. The stability of the mass reduction was analyzed by a thermogravimetric at 100 °C, with a final reduction of ~ 11%.
  • Publication
    Distinguishing normal and aggregated alpha-synuclein interaction on gold nanorod incorporated zinc oxide nanocomposite by electrochemical technique
    ( 2021-02-28)
    Adam H.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad
    ;
    Nor Azizah Parmin
    ;
    Uda Hashim
    Misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha synuclein in the brain cells characterize Parkinson's disease (PD). Electrochemical based aluminum interdigitated electrodes (ALIDEs) was fabricated by using conventional photolithography method and modified the surfaces with zinc oxide and gold nanorod by using spin coating method for the analysis of PD protein biomarker. The device surface modified with gold nanorod of 25 nm diameter was used. The bare devices and the surface modified devices were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, 3D-Profilometer, Atomic Force Microscope and high-power microscope. The above measurement was also performed to measure the interaction of antibody with aggregated alpha-synuclein for normal, aggregated and aggregated alpha synuclein in human serum and distinguished against 3 control proteins (PARK1, DJ-1 and Factor IX). The detection limit for normal alpha synuclein was 1 f. with the sensitivity of 1 f. on a linear regression (R2 = 0.9759). The detection limit for aggregated alpha synuclein was 10 aM with the sensitivity of 1 aM on a linear regression (R2 = 0.9797). Also, the detection limit of aggregated alpha synuclein in serum was 10 aM with the sensitivity of 1 aM on a linear regression (R2 = 0.9739). These results however indicate that, serum has only minimal amount of alpha synuclein.
  • Publication
    Bio-based Packaging Materials for Fruit and Vegetables-Current Applications and Future Trends: A Review
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Razman N.S.
    ;
    Farizul Hafiz Kasim
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Yussuf M.A.M.
    A growing concern of green packaging material for fresh fruit and vegetables is highly demanded. Deterioration of fresh fruits and vegetables primary causes by postharvest damage, moisture loss, biochemical changes, and microorganism. To achieve this goal, biopolymers should be economic, renewable, abundant, and capable of preserving microbial growth while having an outstanding thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. The most current developments in biopolymer-based coatings and films for active fruit and vegetables packaging are described in this review. Synthetic polymers from biomass monomers (PHA and PLA), animal derived biopolymer (chitosan, gelatin, whey protein, casein and others) and wood-based polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, lignin and others) were among the materials that were most widely exploited for the packaging development of coatings and films. Reinforcement with nanomaterials and incorporating active agents such as antimicrobial, organic (e.g. nanocellulose fibrils), and inorganic materials also address these shortcomings in biopolymer-based composite This review summarized the characteristics and advantages of whole or fresh cut fruit and vegetables bio-based packaging, as well as the methods employed to improve their performance.
  • Publication
    Green synthesized strontium oxide nanoparticles by Elodea canadensis extract and their antibacterial activity
    ( 2022-06-01)
    Anbu P.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
    ;
    Letchumanan I.
    ;
    Subramaniam S.
    The production of strontium oxide nanoparticles from an aquatic plant extract is described here. UV–vis spectroscopy at ~ 220 nm was used to confirm the biosynthesis of these particles, and the color of the mixtures altered from colorless to green. The morphology of Elodea canadensis strontium oxide nanoparticles (EcSrONPs) was characterized using FE-SEM. FE-SEM images demonstrated that these particles adopted disordered, irregular shapes with agglomeration and slightly smooth surfaces. FE-TEM confirmed the results of FE-SEM analysis. These particles were also evaluated using XRD, XPS, and FTIR. The XRD pattern revealed a face-centered cubic crystalline structure at (209) and (217), while the XPS results verified the presence of both strontium and oxygen in the synthesized EcSrONPs. FTIR results confirmed that phytochemical functional groups served as capping agents during EcSrONP synthesis. In addition, zeta potential analysis confirmed the stability of EcSrONPs. Finally, the antibacterial potential of the produced EcSrONPs against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was evaluated. The largest inhibitory zone against E. coli (diameter, 22 mm) and B. subtilis (diameter, 20 mm) was observed at a EcSrONPs concentration of 24 µg·mL−1. Collectively, the findings of this research show that the biosynthesis of EcSrONPs is a viable option for developing novel materials for biomedical applications.
  • Publication
    Cellulose acetate-MoS2 nanopetal hybrid: A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensor of Troponin I for the early diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Vasudevan M.
    ;
    Tai M.J.Y.
    ;
    Perumal V.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Murthe S.S.
    ;
    Ovinis M.
    ;
    Mohamed N.M.
    ;
    Joshi N.
    In this work, a novel aptamer-based CA-MoS2 hybrid biosensor was developed for diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI). Specifically, a novel petal-like MoS2 nanoflower was used as the active material on the Screen-Printed Electrode (SPE) for AMI biomarker determination. The aptamer-based CA-MoS2–24 hybrid was able to attain a low limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity to 10 fM at a linear range from 10 fM to 1 nM with good reproducibility based on an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a ~4 folds higher selectivity of troponin I compared to the signal from other biomolecules in human serum, retaining a 91% stability after 6 weeks. This novel CA-MoS2 aptamer-based biosensor with a 2.3% RSD value has the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis by conducting multiple biomolecule detection on a single sensing platform.
  • Publication
    Aptasensing nucleocapsid protein on nanodiamond assembled gold interdigitated electrodes for impedimetric SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease assessment
    ( 2022-02-01)
    Ramanathan S.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Ismail Z.H.
    ;
    Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad
    ;
    Prabakaran A/L Poopalan
    In an aim of developing portable biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which facilitates the point-of-care aptasensing, a strategy using 10 μm gap-sized gold interdigitated electrode (AuIDE) is presented. The silane-modified AuIDE surface was deposited with ∼20 nm diamond and enhanced the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NCP). The characteristics of chemically modified diamond were evidenced by structural analyses, revealing the cubic crystalline nature at (220) and (111) planes as observed by XRD. XPS analysis denotes a strong interaction of carbon element, composed ∼95% as seen in EDS analysis. The C–C, C[dbnd]C, C[dbnd]O, C[dbnd]N functional groups were well-refuted from XPS spectra of carbon and oxygen elements in diamond. The interrelation between elements through FTIR analysis indicates major intrinsic bondings at 2687-2031 cm−1. The aptasensing was evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, using NCP spiked human serum. With a good selectivity the lower detection limit was evidenced as 0.389 fM, at a linear detection range from 1 fM to 100 pM. The stability, and reusability of the aptasensor were demonstrated, showing ∼30% and ∼33% loss of active state, respectively, after ∼11 days. The detection of NCP was evaluated by comparing anti-NCP aptamer and antibody as the bioprobes. The determination coefficients of R2 = 0.9759 and R2 = 0.9772 were obtained for aptamer- and antibody-based sensing, respectively. Moreover, the genuine interaction of NCP aptamer and protein was validated by enzyme linked apta-sorbent assay. The aptasensing strategy proposed with AuIDE/diamond enhanced sensing platform is highly recommended for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Publication
    Polymer-tethered metal oxide sensing surface for abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker quantification by dual antibodies
    ( 2021-03-01)
    Hong X.
    ;
    Hong X.
    ;
    Zhao H.
    ;
    Shi Q.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Lakshmipriya T.
    ;
    Yan G.
    An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is caused by a vascular disease and results in the presence of a bulged portion (>5.5 cm) of the aorta in the abdominal area, which can rupture due to high blood pressure. Imaging techniques are broadly used to diagnose AAA and provide supporting evidence for treating the patient. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a well-known biomarker for AAAs and helps to identify the severity of the disease. In this research, IGF1 was detected by dual antibodies (mono- and polyclonal) on gap-fingered (~50 µm) interdigitated dielectrode (IDE) metal oxide surfaces (5 × 6 mm). The hydroxylated IDE surface was coated with silane-PEG-COOH to reduce biofouling and improve detection. IGF1 at 1 pM (y = 1.641x-1.605; R²=0.9826) was determined to have a low detection limit by a monoclonal antibody (200 nM); the detection limit was further improved to 100 fM (y = 10.12x-3.6966; R²=0.9631) in a 10-fold increment by employing dual antibodies with low-femtomolar sensitivity. Moreover, the current responses were found to increase greatly due to this sandwich pattern at dose-dependent concentrations from 100 fM to 1 nM. Control experiments with IGF2 and IGFBP3 (1 nM) showed minor variations in current changes, indicating the specific detection of IGF1. This method employing dual antibodies on the dielectrode surface helps identify AAAs and their progression.
  • Publication
    Challenges of postharvest water loss in fruits: Mechanisms, influencing factors, and effective control strategies – A comprehensive review
    ( 2024-09-01)
    Gidado M.J.
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Ali A.
    ;
    Wongs-Aree C.
    ;
    Salleh N.H.M.
    Water loss is a critical concern in postharvest fruit technology, significantly impacting fruit quality, shelf life, and market value. This phenomenon involves the loss of moisture from fruit tissues, leading to physiological changes, reduced quality, and lower market value, which can contribute to food waste. Consumers perceive fruit with visible signs of water loss as lower quality. Therefore, minimizing water loss is essential through proper postharvest handling and storage practices, including temperature and humidity control, cooling, humidification, and the application of edible coatings and new modified coating techniques. Despite the importance of managing water loss, comprehensive information on its mechanisms and contributing factors in postharvest fruit technology is scarce. This paper aims to provide insights into the mechanisms, impact, influencing factors, and control strategies related to water loss in the context of postharvest fruit technology.
  • Publication
    Graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle-aptamer complexed probe for detecting amyloid beta oligomer by ELISA-based immunoassay
    ( 2021-02-01)
    Zhao J.
    ;
    Chang W.
    ;
    Liu L.
    ;
    Xing X.
    ;
    Zhang C.
    ;
    Meng H.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Lakshmipriya T.
    ;
    Chen Y.
    ;
    Liu Y.
    Highly sensitive and easy detection method for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a suitable biomarker is mandatory for preventing the factors resulting from AD. This research reports a modified ELISA with graphene for the detection of AD biomarker amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer. Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugated aptamer was used as the capture probe and attached on ELISA-graphene oxide surface through the amine linker. Antibody was used as the detection molecule to reach the maximum detection of Aβ oligomer. Suitable level of APTMS (2%), size of AuNP (30 nm) and aptamer concentration (2 μM) were optimized. This sandwich pattern of aptamer-Aβ oligomer-antibody helps to reach the detection at 50 pM on the optimized ELISA surface and the control experiments in the absence of Aβ oligomer or anti-Aβ oligomer antibody did not show the significant optical detection at 492 nm, indicting the specific detection. Further, Aβ oligomer spiked artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not interfere the detection of Aβ oligomer, confirming the selective detection. This new and modified ELISA surface helps to reach the lower detection of Aβ oligomer and diagnose AD.