Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
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Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
Official Name
Muhammad Zaid, Aihsan
Alternative Name
Aihsan, M. Z.
Aihsan, Muhammad Zaid
Aikhsan, M. Z.
Aihsan, M. Z.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56479160600
Researcher ID
AAB-4469-2021

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  • Publication
    IR 4.0: Smart Farming Monitoring System
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Nasir M.F.
    ;
    Mohd Aminudin Jamlos
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Habelalmateen M.I.
    ;
    Ramadan G.M.
    The Internet of Things is the current and future of every field that effects everyone's life by making everything smart. The development of Smart Farming Monitoring with the use of the Internet of Things, changes conventional farming methods by not only making them optimal but also effective for farmers and reducing crop wastage. Therefore, Smart Farm Monitoring of IR 4.0 Implementation is designed to provide a system for monitoring environmental factors in farming in real time. This product will help farmers by creating an easy-to-use user view so users can view data. By implementing various types of sensors and applications such as Raspberry Pi 4B as its main controller, Temperature & Humidity sensor (DHT22), Capacitive Soil Moisture sensor, MQ135 sensor, Light Intensity sensor, ThingSpeak and ThingView, farmers will can monitor parameters and this data will be sent to the database for real-time display and storage purposes. The project is expected to create a smart environment conducive to agriculture and reduce labour costs and water wastage and increase productivity and efficiency. The system is achieved, as the intelligent monitoring of agriculture allows real-time monitoring with less time.
  • Publication
    Direct torque control of induction motor with different energy storage for electrical vehicle (EV) application
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Aazmi M.A.
    ;
    Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Liew Hui Fang
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    Energy demand worldwide is rising at an unprecedented pace. This has already shown its impact on the depletion of energy sources and environmental issues (global warming and the weakening of the ozone layer). This growing pattern of energy insufficiency will, of course, intensify in the future. Referring to the literature, significant energy savings can be achieved by controlling the speed of the electric motor system using variable frequency drives (VFDs). Efficient control of induction motor drives provides an excellent opportunity for energy savings. As a result, research into the optimal operation of induction motor drives is escalating and mainly focuses on the Direct Torque Control (DTC) control technique on improving the dynamic operation of torque control. However, the study on the type of energies on improving the dynamic response is least reported. This paper will study the effect of different energy supplies on the dynamic response of torque performance. The standard DC battery and supercapacitor will be used to energize the induction motor through the three-phase inverter and controlled with the DTC control scheme. The results are validated through MATLAB Simulink and it shows the supercapacitor has the better dynamic response in torque response compared to the standard DC battery. The comparative results are presented in a proper mannered way.
  • Publication
    Wind turbine constant voltage controller using modified SHEPWM technique
    ( 2016)
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    The major challenges in designing the controller for wind turbine are fluctuations of the wind speed and the harmonic contents of the output voltage. The fluctuations of the wind turbine speed results in inconsistency of voltage supplied to the inverter which will affect the harmonic of the output voltage. Therefore, this research is dedicated to design a controller consists of a DC/DC boost converter and a DC/AC inverter integrated with the wind turbine system. The controller plays two important roles. Firstly, the controller has to control the consistency of the output voltage of the DC/DC boost converter irrespective of the inconsistency of the input voltage supplied using PI controller. Second, the controller has to generate the firing angles that giving out lesser harmonic to the single phase DC/AC inverter using the Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM) switching strategy. The overall system has been designed successfully using MATLAB Simulink software and implemented using real hardware. The results from both simulation and hardware are collected, analysed and compared. For boost converter, the output voltage is in constant 50V even though the input voltage supplied to the boost converter is varies and it is suitable to charge the battery system. For inverter, the hardware is tested with a resistive load and an inductive load to study the performance of the controller when dealing with different types of load. From the results obtained from simulation and hardware, it can be concluded that the designed controller circuit is working well even though the input voltage supplied to the boost converter varies and the output voltage of inverter is very low in total harmonic distortion (THD) nearly 3.6% for THD voltage and 2.1% for THD current.
  • Publication
    Performance Analysis of Unipolar SPWM Inverter: Resistive load and Inductive load
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Yusof A.M.
    ;
    Ahmad N.I.
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Habibah Mokhtaruddin
    ;
    Rahman D.H.A.
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    This paper presents the performance analysis of the Unipolar SPWM Inverter for the resistive and inductive load testing. The common criteria reported in various technical papers where the resistive load will produce a unity power factor correction and lagging power factor behaviour for inductive load. This paper is to demonstrate the performance of both loads that are tested to the single phase Unipolar SPWM inverter under the modulation ratio of 0.8. The performances will be covered in term of the waveform behavior and THDv performance. The project are carried out through the simulation using PSIM software and real implementation to the real hardware. The selection of filter for this paper is the low pass passive LC filter.
  • Publication
    Comparative Analysis of 5-level Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Switched Topology
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Arshad M.H.
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Zainuddin Mat Isa
    ;
    Siti Khodijah Mazalan
    A new topology for the single phase 5-level multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper. Using multiple semiconductor switches and lower-level DC voltages as input, a multilevel inverter generates more than two voltage levels to achieve high efficiency, smoother, and less distorted alternating voltage. The conventional 5-level multilevel inverter requires 8 switches in configurations of two cascaded H-bridge resulting in cost addition as well in generating more losses in the circuit. The proposed topology offers the same 5-level output voltage with lesser power switches resulting in cost-effectiveness as well as improve the circuit complexity. The proposed topology is simulated using PowerSim software to testify its functionality, performance, and validation. A comparative of harmonic distortion between the conventional and the proposed topology is reported.
  • Publication
    Multiple Partial Discharge Signal Classification Using Artificial Neural Network Technique in XLPE Power Cable
    ( 2023-02-01)
    Halim M.I.A.
    ;
    Razaly N.Z.M.
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Norfadilah Rosle
    ;
    Auni W.N.
    ;
    Afifah Shuhada Rosmi
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Mohd Aminudin Jamlos
    ;
    Mas’ud A.A.
    According to partial discharge (PD) damage in the electrodes that are not entirely bridging, the presence of PD in the high voltage (HV) power cable might lead to insulation failure. PD defects can damage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables directly, which is one of the most critical electrical issues in the industry. Poor workmanship during cable jointing, aging, or exposure to the surrounding environment is the most common cause of PD in HV cable systems. As a result, the location of the PD signals that occur cannot be classified without identifying the multiple PD signals present in the cable system. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) based feedforward back propagation classification technique is used as a diagnostic tool thru MATLAB software in which the PD signal was approached to determine the accuracy of the location PD signal. In addition, statistical feature extraction was added to compare the accuracy of classification with the standard method. The three-point technique is also an approach used to locate PD signals in a single line 11 kV XLPE underground power cable. The results show that the statistical feature extraction had been successful classify the PD signal location with the accuracy of 80% compared to without statistical feature extraction. The distance between PD signals and the PD source affected the result of the three-point technique which proved that a lower error means a near distance between them.
  • Publication
    Review Article: Voltage Balancing Method for Battery and Supercapacitor
    ( 2023-02-01)
    Nordin N.N.S.
    ;
    Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli
    ;
    Liew Hui Fang
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    This paper examines several existing voltage equalizers techniques for energy storage system, with a focusing on batteries and supercapacitors. Due satisfy the demands, energy storage cells are often coupled in series/parallel. However, divergence of voltage distributed among cells produces the problems of voltage imbalance that affecting the ageing of energy storage system and solved through equalizers. Several assessments from features of topologies in voltage balancing circuit supplied primarily based total on a few attentions’ just like the effectiveness in balance and components. Voltage balancing is essentially separated into two categories: passive and active equalizers. Therefore, this paper studied and reviewed several topologies from both equalizer types with the sample result to verify the topology performance.
  • Publication
    Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation for Three-Phase Nine-Level Inverter Using Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
    ( 2023-10-06)
    Bimazlim M.A.S.
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Rosnazri Ali
    ;
    Talib M.H.N.
    ;
    Muhammad Azhar Walter M.S.
    ;
    Siti Khodijah Mazalan
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    For many years, multilevel inverter (MLI) is a system well-known for converting DC voltage to AC voltage which is suitable for energy resources conversion for industrial power sources. With the help of Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM) switching technique, the output power from the MLI system is better efficiency with low Total Harmonics Distortion (THD). The SHEPWM switching technique is used to eliminate the lower order of the harmonics and reduces the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) of the MLI system. Along with the optimization algorithms to solve difficult non-linear equations involving with SHEPWM, applying SHEPWM into MLI system helps to further improve the output power efficiency. Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is one of the algorithms developed which capable of solving the non-linear equation and obtained suitable results for MLI. Additionally, many types of improvement done on WOA, called as Improved Whale Optimization Algorithms (IWOA) also developed to obtain better results compared with WOA. Developed in a MATLAB environment, a proposed IWOA is applied to solve the equation and compared with WOA. The results show that the proposed IWOA capable of achieving higher probability with fast convergence speed reaching global optimal compared to WOA. With the proposed approach, the IWOA efficiently computed required switching angles, to eliminate the selective lower-order harmonics for different modulation indices (Ma). In this paper, the proposed IWOA is performed on a three-phase nine-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) for a wide range of modulation indexes between 0.1 until 1. The results show the eliminations of 5th, 7th, and 11th harmonics from the output of the three-phase nine-level MLI system thus reducing THD from the system up to 5.82%.
  • Publication
    A Review on BLDC Motor Application in Electric Vehicle (EV) using Battery, Supercapacitor and Hybrid Energy Storage System: Efficiency and Future Prospects
    ( 2023-04-01)
    Aziz M.A.A.
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Fahmi M.I.
    ;
    Othman S.M.
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Mohd Rizal Manan
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    The automotive industry has rapidly introduced pollution-free vehicles such as Electric Vehicle (EV). The development and improvement of the EV to replace the conventional vehicle become crucial to obtain the customer satisfaction and high technology achievements. The main systems in EV that are improvise to be switch from the conventional engine with a fuel source to an electric type drive system, include the electric motor and the energy/power storage called battery. There are several types of electric motors that suitable for EV and the best solution was Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor in terms of power, speed, torque and low maintenance. Meanwhile, the fuel source replacement is the electrical energy/power storage such as batteries. The aims were to study the best Energy Storage System (ESS) in EV which leads to introducing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), but the drawbacks of the system give the opportunity improvement, in replacement using Supercapacitor Energy storage System (SESS) and Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). SESS is a reliable source, but the stand-alone Supercapacitor also has a minimum operation time. With several adjustments in the energy management control strategy, the discharge rate of energy from a supercapacitor can be minimized to prolong its operation.
  • Publication
    The effect of amplitude modulation index on harmonic distortion in unipolar SHEPWM inverter
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Norhanisa Kimpol
    ;
    Ahmad Muhyiddin Yusof
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Arshad
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    The appearance of low order odd harmonic in the AC power line can be mitigated by projecting a proper switching angle during the conversion of the inverter. The switching angles can be obtained by solving the numerical nonlinear equation using numerous solving techniques and algorithms. Several studies shows the value of harmonic significantly increase whenever the amplitude modulation decrease for the SPWM switching scheme of the inverter. However, this topic has not yet covered in the single-phase SHEPWM inverter. This paper is to study the effect of the amplitude modulation index towards the harmonic distortion in the SHEPWM switching technique. To solve the numerical equations, MATLAB code is used to produce the specific switching angles to drive the inverter by solving the numerical equations. The validation of results thru hardware implementation using EZDSPTMS320F28335 to produce the digital signal for controlling the inverter. The targeted low order harmonic to be eliminated are the 3rd, 5th and 7th and three four amplitude modulation indices will be compared and observed in term of total harmonic distortion. The THD results for amplitude modulations 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 are 17.50%, 15.10%, 13.30% and 10.63%.