Now showing 1 - 10 of 27
  • Publication
    Multi-stage feature selection (MSFS) algorithm for UWB-based early breast cancer size prediction
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and it is one of the main causes of death for women worldwide. To attain an optimum medical treatment for breast cancer, an early breast cancer detection is crucial. This paper proposes a multistage feature selection method that extracts statistically significant features for breast cancer size detection using proposed data normalization techniques. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, controlled using microcontroller are transmitted via an antenna from one end of the breast phantom and are received on the other end. These ultra-wideband analogue signals are represented in both time and frequency domain. The preprocessed digital data is passed to the proposed multistage feature selection algorithm. This algorithm has four selection stages. It comprises of data normalization methods, feature extraction, data dimensional reduction and feature fusion. The output data is fused together to form the proposed datasets, namely, 8-HybridFeature, 9-HybridFeature and 10-HybridFeature datasets. The classification performance of these datasets is tested using the Support Vector Machine, Probabilistic Neural Network and Naïve Bayes classifiers for breast cancer size classification. The research findings indicate that the 8-HybridFeature dataset performs better in comparison to the other two datasets. For the 8-HybridFeature dataset, the Naïve Bayes classifier (91.98%) outperformed the Support Vector Machine (90.44%) and Probabilistic Neural Network (80.05%) classifiers in terms of classification accuracy. The finalized method is tested and visualized in the MATLAB based 2D and 3D environment.
  • Publication
    Comparative investigations on different types of inductors in single-phase inverter
    This article organized in two sections where it compares the performance of single-phase inverters using various types of inductors with differences modulation technique of pulse width modulation (PWM). Not all inductors perform the same function, even the inductance value is the same. The study will investigate the capability of each inductor on its performance to convert the unfiltered AC voltage into filtered sinusoidal AC voltage. The drum core and toroidal core inductors were used in this investigation. For both inductors, the performance will be analyzed based on Bipolar and Unipolar switching schemes in a single unit H-bridge circuit. The validation of results are through experimental assessment only and it will be evaluating the shape of sinusoidal AC voltage and the content of total harmonics distortion in the AC voltage for both inductors.
  • Publication
    Existing and emerging breast cancer detection technologies and its challenges: A review
    Breast cancer is the most leading cancer occurring in women and is a significant factor in female mortality. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with Artificial Intelligent (AI) developments for breast cancer detection can lead to a proper treatment to affected patients as early as possible that eventually help reduce the women mortality rate. Reliability issues limit the current clinical detection techniques, such as Ultra-Sound, Mammography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) from screening images for precise elucidation. The capability to detect a tumor in early diagnosis, expensive, relatively long waiting time due to pandemic and painful procedure for a patient to perform. This article aims to review breast cancer screening methods and recent technological advancements systematically. In addition, this paper intends to explore the progression and challenges of AI in breast cancer detection. The next state of the art between image and signal processing will be presented, and their performance is compared. This review will facilitate the researcher to insight the view of breast cancer detection technologies advancement and its challenges.
  • Publication
    5G Millimeter Wave Wearable Antenna: State-Of-the-Art and Current Challenges
    ( 2021-01-01) ;
    Mashagba H.A.
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    Yahaya N.Z.
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    ;
    Jamaluddin M.H.
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    ; ; ;
    Mohamedfareq Abdulmalek
    Fifth Generation (5G) is the next evolution of mobile communication that will provide seamless and massive high speed connectivity to the society. Paralleled with the rise of 5G, it is foreseen that wearable devices particularly wearable antenna will be the significant end node for wearable devices in Millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequency bands. Thus, this paper discusses the new development of the 5G sub-6 GHz and mmWave wearable antenna, introduces the research results of the 5G mmWave wearable antenna in recent years, and addresses the key challenges in the development trend of the development trend of the 5G mmWave wearable antenna.
  • Publication
    Elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane polymer on conductive interdigitated electrode for analyzing skin hydration dynamics
    With an approach towards generating a wearable skin hydration detecting system, simple, cheap, and flexible skin hydration sensing strategy was demonstrated here using an interdigitated electrode (IDE) coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Aluminium IDE with a 400 Âµm gap and 250 Âµm electrode sizes were fabricated using a photolithography method. Morphological characterizations were performed using a high power microscope, 3D-profilometer, and scanning electron microscope. The dimensions of electrodes and gaps measured through electron microscopic analysis affirmed the exactness of IDE and the fabrication process. After coated with PDMS polymer, the IDE/PDMS surface was examined under a high power microscope and 3D-profilometer. The optical characterization revealed the polymer was coated on IDE through the color-shade changes and smooth surface observed under an optical microscope and the respective 3D-visualization. IDE/PDMS was also analyzed by an atomic force microscope, revealing the smoothness of the IDE surface. Electrical characterizations were performed using different pH and urea solutions and the sweat to investigate the influence of real-time and artificial sweat on IDE/PDMS. As the device showed appropriate results with real-time sweat and no effect with artificial interferences, it is highly encouraged and recommended for detecting skin hydration and the related illnesses with the point-of-care concept.
  • Publication
    A Flexible and Compact Metamaterial UHF RID Tag for Remote Sensing in Human Health
    ( 2020-08-01)
    Ainur Fasihah Mohd Fazilah
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    ; ;
    Abbasi, Qammer Hussain
    ;
    Kabir Hossain
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    ; ; ;
    Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin
    ;
    Majid, Huda Ahmad
    ;
    Soh Ping Jack
    This paper presents a miniaturized UHF RFID tag antenna with increased gain using meander line techniques and metamaterial (MTM). The designed tag operates in the UHF RFID frequency band ranging from 860 to 960 MHz. It comprises of meandered lines with two hexagonal split ring resonators (H-SRRs) MTM cells. It is designed on a photo paper as its substrate which is 0.27 mm thick, with a dielectric constant of 3.2 and loss tangent of 0.05. Next, an RFID tag (NXP SL381213 UCODE G2iL chip) with an impedance of 23-j224 \Omega is integrated with the proposed antenna to assess its performance in terms of reflection coefficient, antenna gain and maximum reading range. The overall size of the tag is 92 mm x26 mm.
  • Publication
    Harmonic Analysis of Three-Phase Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Number of Switches
    This paper presents an analysis of a three-phase asymmetrical multilevel inverter towards resistive and inductive load testing. The asymmetrical multilevel inverter is chosen over the standard symmetrical multilevel inverter due to its circuit simplicity, cost-effectiveness and better performance as the topology offers a reduction in the number of switches and the improved Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Whenever different levels of voltage are applied in an asymmetric cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, it will increase output voltage levels and reduces the harmonics. The selected topology is the cascaded H-bridge inverter with reduced number of switches and the modulation technique used in this paper intersects a single unit of a sine wave with three carrier signals to produce the PWM pulses for controlling the MOSFETs. The experiment was set up under a lab-scale and using the standard DC power supply. The experimental data for both resistive and inductive loads with modulation indexes of 0.7 and 0.9 are shown to verify the analysis. THD voltage and current are slightly higher for resistive loads than inductive loads. In addition, as the modulation index rises, the value of THD voltage and current decreases.
  • Publication
    Investigation and Performance Analysis of DC-DC Boost Converter System
    This paper presents the analysis of a closed loop DC-DC boost converter for renewable energy applications such as PV. Most of renewable energy resources produce DC voltage that implied with DC-DC converters to convert their input voltage into a higher or lower voltage level accordingly to their application. However, there are numerous types of devices or applications that used renewable energy. Thus, it means the evolution of using a closed loop boost converter system must occur. The closed-loop system DC-DC boost converter is used to step up the low-level DC voltage to a high level of DC voltage. By varying the input voltage, the performance of boost converter in terms of its output voltage can be obtained and analysed. Several studies were conducted and validated with hardware implementation. All the results are recorded and show that various levels of input voltage can be converted into a fixed value of output voltage by using this converter. To emphasise, the boost converter generated 73.33 V output when an input voltage of 12 V. Whereas this experiment is conducted to analyse the boost converter performance so that can consider if this converter is compatible with the IR dryer system.
  • Publication
    Performance Analysis of Modified Nine-level Inverter with SHEPWM using an Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
    This article presents a three-phase modified nine-level multilevel inverter using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) to remove the low order harmonics. Low order harmonics can be fully removed from the output voltage and current waveform by using the proper switching angles. The non-linear equations derived from the Fourier series of the output voltage and current waveform were used to compute the switching angles. The ABC was created specifically for the suggested reduced switch approach topology to solve the nonlinear equation and generate the required switching angles. Simulator tools such PSIM was used to model the circuit, and experimental results were used to evaluate it. The 5th, 7th, and 11th order harmonics will be eliminated, and two modulation indices will be compared, and their performance measured in terms of overall harmonic distortion. THD results will be shown for modulation indexes of 0.58 and 0.83.
  • Publication
    Design and Simulation of High Gain DC-DC Boost Converter System for PV Application
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Mohd Muqri Syahmi Sulong
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    ; ; ;
    Aihsan M.Z.
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    ;
    Habelalmateen M.I.
    Solar power plays a vital role in renewable energy systems as it is clean, sustainable, pollution-free energy, as well as increasing electricity costs which lead to high demands among customers. The main purpose of this paper is to develop an approach to designing a DC-DC boost converter for a standalone connected photovoltaic system with constant output voltage. A controller system DC-DC boost converter is designed to minimise losses and maintain at a particular value. The converter can increase a fluctuating voltage of the solar panel to an increased constant DC voltage. It uses voltage feedback to maintain constant output voltage. The controller is therefore designed as the heart of the closed loop system and offers pulse-width-modulation signal for control of the power electronic device in a boost converter. The boost converter can direct connection to the photovoltaic system grid-connected inverter. Simulations to describe the design proposed have been performed. Simulation work with the designed 75V output voltage boost converter in continuous driving mode was carried out. The test results show that the design proposed is successful.