Now showing 1 - 10 of 142
  • Publication
    The improvement of assembly process and environmental impact using the integration of DFMA and sustainable design analysis approach: Case study of spotlight
    ( 2021-07-21) ; ; ;
    Ahmad S.A.S.
    ;
    Muslim M.M.
    ;
    Sharifhudin M.A.
    ;
    Khiruzzaki K.F.
    ;
    Nordin N.
    This investigation analyses spotlight components to reduce the necessary amount and explore the potential to enhance the sustainable design. The DFMA and Sustainability design considerations for manufacturing assemblies were used and incorporated in this work. DFMA outcome displays that components were reduced while the LCA showed that weight, carbon footprint, acidification of the air, water eutrophication and overall energy consumption were reduced. This new approach is essential for demonstrating the efficiency of both tools used to reduce the cost of spotlight manufacture and enhance the sustainable aspects of product design.
  • Publication
    Redesign of bahulu production layout to improve the efficiency of process flow
    This research presents the optimum efficiency improvement of process flow by redesigned the production layout using facility planning methods in a company producing traditional cakes which are bahulu that currently have bottleneck issue, inefficient flow and unnecessary excess movement between activities. The objectives of this study to improve the current plant layout by redesigned it with increasing the production efficiency and productivity of the company. To achieve this aim, there are several layouts generated using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and Graph-Based Theory (GBT) and the Efficiency Rate (ER) of each layout was calculated. The layout with the highest rate was then selected and validated by using WITNESS software. The result showed that the ER of the selected layout improved from 74.49% to 93.40% and also increased the productivity and reduced the processing time up to 10%. The described case study will show how the efficiency and productivity of a real manufacturing system can be improved by redesign layout.
  • Publication
    Analysis particle trajectory and air flow on hopper for swiftlet feeding machine using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
    Currently, the bird house entrepreneur feeds the bird manually, and there is the opportunity to develop the feeding machine for swiftlets with good efficiency. This research is focused on analyzing the flow of the particle for the mechanism of the machine. The methodology of this project includes the collection of data, brainstorming and interprets data, design concept, analysis, fabrication, and testing. The design of the automatic swiftlets feeding machine is using Solidworks software. With this software, the structure can be analyzed to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) directly. The flow of the air from the blower that acts as the mechanism in this machine can be analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamis (CFD) simulation. The result of the analysis is shown in the form of the finite element analysis, particle trajectory of food, and the air flow from the blower.
  • Publication
    Application of response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm in minimizing warpage on side arm
    The plastic injection moulding process produces large numbers of parts of high quality with great accuracy and quickly. It has widely used for production of plastic part with various shapes and geometries. Side arm is one of the product using injection moulding to manufacture it. However, there are some difficulties in adjusting the parameter variables which are mould temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time as there are warpage happen at the tip part of side arm. Therefore, the work reported herein is about minimizing warpage on side arm product by optimizing the process parameter using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and with additional artificial intelligence (AI) method which is Genetic Algorithm (GA).
  • Publication
    Reliable method and multistage process involved in the production of activated carbon based on raw material-a systematic review
    (IOP PUblishing Ltd., 2020)
    S Muzarpaar
    ;
    A M Leman
    ;
    K A Rahman
    ;
    Activated carbon AC) has versatile usage in the modern days for water treatment, air filtration and for multipurpose adsorption. Carbonaceous material with highly developed porosity known as AC after some process took place. AC also known as artificial materials characterized by the high surface area and the extensive surface chemistry. Significant adsorptive properties of the materials according to extensive surface chemistry which are responsible for the surface properties. Nowadays, AC are widely used in a large range of applications, for example medical uses, catalysis, gas storage, removal of pollutants and odors, gas separation and purification. Important Character for based materials of AC, it must accessible, affordable price, and with valorization potential in agricultural residues and industrial base. The most important raw materials for the production of AC is lignocellulosic materials. Over the time researcher around the world conducting research to improvised and perfecting the method for producing the AC. The aim of this paper is to critical review the reliable method for AC production. The process involved in the production of activated were pre-carbonization process (PCP), carbonization process (CP), and activation process (AP). Carbonization either using furnace or microwave. For AP, there are two main activation used namely chemical activation CA) and physical activation (PA). However there also combination of chemical and physical activation which called physiochemical activation (PCA).
  • Publication
    Mechanical and physical properties of desktop stereolithography 3D printing materials
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Aznizam Ahmad
    ;
    Md Saidin Wahab
    ;
    Khairu Kamarudin
    ;
    L. W. Shun
    ;
    Haffidzudin Hehsan
    ;
    ;
    Farahiyah Mustafa
    ;
    Salwa Mahmood
    Stereolithography (SLA) is a form of 3D printing technology in additive manufacturing (AM) that uses a light source either a laser or a projector to cure photosensitive resins into hardened plastics to create objects based on the 3D file format. Material properties are an important aspect in engineering so that suitable materials can be determined for a certain application. In this study, related specimens were fabricated using high temp (HT) SLA resin with different layer thicknesses to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties namely tensile strength, impact resistance, hardness, and density. Based on the experimental results, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for high temp resin with layer thickness (LT) of 100 µm was better than LT setting of 25 µm with values of 72.84 MPa and 66.82 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the impact resistance values obtained from the test showed HT resin with 50 µm LT of printed notched specimens (PN) produced higher impact resistance than machine notched (MN) specimens with values of 22.866 J/m and 15.685 J/m. The hardness readings obtained from the 8 mm specimen thickness for 50 µm LT and 100 µm LT were 87.5 Shore D and 86.4 Shore D. Obviously, thicker specimen thickness result in slightly higher hardness measurements, but the difference was not large. The density values for 100 µm LT and 50 µm LT were 1.2114 g/cm3 and 1.2047 g/cm3, respectively. When compared with the uncured resin, the density of the post-cured condition was slightly denser. Based on the findings, the layer thickness was an important factor that can contribute to the properties of the material. In addition, the stereolithography post-curing process also has an influence on the mechanical properties. Comparisons made with an industrial-grade resin also show that desktop SLA that use high temp resins are considered capable of producing parts comparable to the quality produced by industrial-grade SLA machines.
  • Publication
    A study of new washing process which combines deflection and abrasion action
    This study aimed to determine the optimum washing of laboratory washing model that design to stimulate the active washing process and passive commercial washing machine are compared in order to determine the best washing result. Variables of the study include water speed, washing time and radial nozzle inclination angle. The rotational system of an automatic washing machine has two major technical difficulties. One is the collision of the tub against the frame at the beginning of its early spinning stage. A factor that causes such instability of the rotational object can be attributed to the deflection of the liquid inside the liquid balancer due to the unbalance mass. Proposed a new washing technology and new design of the washing machine can be as a base of its new type. These machines have better outcome data; improve quality of washing process and effective use of washing liquid. New washing machine is simple design, does not have rotary parts at all and uses active process of washing process with squeezing of linens and more productive then known washing machines. Also, this machine can recycle and feed cleaned washing liquid. Additionally, in use of ultrasonic technology of washing process, new machine today will be perfect design.
  • Publication
    Effect of different thickness on the microstructure and morphology of nickel aluminium bronze alloy castings
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Mohd Nasuha
    ;
    Maarof Mohd Rashidi
    ;
    Asnul Hadi Ahmad
    ;
    ;
    T. M. Sheng
    The purpose of this study is to develop the customized connecting rod based on NAB alloy. Later, the microstructure and morphology at different section of connecting rod mainly at large, medium and small were compared to cooling rate. By preparing NAB's alloy composition (based on ASTM B148 UNS C95800), the type and amount of degassing agent used, the microstructure behavior of NAB such as the effect of cooling rate to the grain size, DAS and SDAS of NAB alloy was also investigated. The experiment included optical microscope equipment for microstructure and SEM/ EDS observation to determine the grain size and distribution which may relate to its cooling rate. composition during melting stages as the variable parameters, investigation of its effect on microstructure was approached. Specimen was selected, cut, prepared and investigate by optical and scanning electron microscope. Based on the results, the alloy morphology is a dendritic structure. The fracture surface also reveals inter-granular fracture between the dendritic structure and its grain boundaries.
  • Publication
    Sustainable packaging design for molded expanded polystyrene cushion
    (MDPI, 2023) ; ;
    Wan Abd Rahman Assyahid Wan Ibrahim
    ;
    ; ; ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Maria Pop
    ;
    Aurel Mihail Titu
    ;
    Katarzyna Błoch
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    A molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) cushion is a flexible, closed-cell foam that can be molded to fit any packing application and is effective at absorbing shock. However, the packaging waste of EPS cushions causes pollution to landfills and the environment. Despite being known to cause pollution, this sustainable packaging actually has the potential to reduce this environmental pollution because of its reusability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the accurate design parameter that can be emphasized in producing a sustainable design of EPS cushion packaging. An experimental method of drop testing and design simulation analysis was conducted. The effectiveness of the design parameters was also verified. Based on the results, there are four main elements that necessitate careful consideration: rib positioning, EPS cushion thickness, package layout, and packing size. These parameter findings make a significant contribution to sustainable design, where these elements were integrated directly to reduce and reuse packaging material. Thus, it has been concluded that 48 percent of the development cost of the cushion was decreased, 25 percent of mold modification time was significantly saved, and 27 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction was identified. The findings also aided in the development of productive packaging design, in which these design elements were beneficial to reduce environmental impact. These findings had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry in terms of the economics and time of the molded expanded polystyrene packaging development.
  • Publication
    Evaluation of shrinkage and weld line strength of thick flat part in injection moulding process
    ( 2021-10-01)
    Nasir S.M.
    ;
    ;
    Sharif S.
    ;
    Abdellah A.E.h.
    ;
    ;
    This paper evaluates the shrinkage and strength of weld line using Design of Experiment and Response Surface Methodology in multi-objective optimisation utilising the injection moulding parameters. A simulation process was conducted to determine the recommended setting of injection moulding parameters and the range of the variable parameters. An experimental work was conducted according to the experimental design, where regression models were established to predict the shrinkage and weld line strength. A new set of process parameters setting was found to achieve the optimum shrinkage and weld line strength of the moulded part. The results of shrinkage and weld line strength using an optimal parameter setting after optimisation process were compared with the results obtained using the recommended setting from Autodesk Moldflow Insight software. It was found that the shrinkages in the normal to and parallel to the melt flow directions were reduced by 5.969% and 4.375%, respectively, through the predicted model generated using RSM. On the other hand, the weld line strength improved by 3.758% as compared to the weld line strength obtained from the recommended setting. The shrinkages in both parallel to and normal to the melt flow directions using multi-objective optimisation were reduced by 5.891% and 4.160%, respectively, while the weld line strength was improved by 3.756%, using the combination of the following parameters; 69.93 Â°C of coolant inlet temperature, 270 Â°C of melt temperature, 70 MPa of packing pressure and 8 s of cooling time. The predicted errors ranged between 0.2 and 14.5% during the validation experiments. The packing pressure was found to be the most significant parameter affecting the shrinkage in both parallel to and normal to melt flow directions. The coolant inlet temperature on the other hand was the most significant parameter affecting the weld line strength.
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