Sam Sung Ting
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Sam Sung Ting
Official Name
Sam, Sung Ting
Alternative Name
Sam, Sung Ting
Sung Ting, Sam
Tingf, Sam Sung
Ting, Sam Sung
Sam, S. T.
Sam, T. S.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57198446841
Researcher ID
AAU-8590-2020

Research Output

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  • Publication
    Properties of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer/recycled latex catheter (NR/EPDM/rLC) ternary blends: Cure characteristics and hardness
    ( 2013)
    Lokman Hakim Ibrahim
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    Currently, the recycled rubber widely being used in rubber technology. Due to difficulty on reprocessing techniques, the vulcanized rubbers being a big problem in the recycled field. One of the main forms of discharge rubber is to apply as fuel to generate electricity and steam, this process is still in use but creates a new problem of air pollution and is also a low value to recovery process of the rubber waste [. Polymer compounds are being used extensively in numerous applications such as roofing and mulch product. A rubber blends can offer a better properties that gives high performance in application area that being used
  • Publication
    Flexural and morphology properties of rHDPE/BF composites: effect of surface modification of bamboo filler by NaOH treatment
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    N. A. Latip
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    This study is about the effect of alkaline treatment on bamboo filler reinforced with recycle high density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites. The alkaline treatment was done by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at three different concentrations (2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.% and 7.5 wt.%) for two hours at room temperature. The bamboo filler and rHDPE was compound with the extrusion method and the granule was form. The granule of rHDPE/bamboo filler composites was inject by using injection molding to produce the sample of end product. The samples of rHDPE/bamboo filler was tested using conventional universal testing machine. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the morphology of filler and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for characterization of functional group in the filler and composites. The result showed that the flexural properties of rHDPE/bamboo filler composites were slightly affected by the alkaline treatment on the bamboo filler.
  • Publication
    Bioprotein optimization from spent mushroom substrate for fish feed application
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Nuradibah Mohd Amer
    ;
    Z. Masyitah
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Khairul Farihan Kasim
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    Saad S. Dahham
    The utilization of spent mushroom substrate as potential substrate for bioprotein production is being explored in this study. The objectives of this study were to screen three different types of fungi in bioprotein production from spent mushroom substrate and to optimize the process condition of the best fungi for production of bioprotein by using Design Expert Software. In this present study, screening of three different strains; Aspergillus terreus UniMAP AA-1, Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 24725), was done for bioprotein production by solid state fermentation process. P. chrysosporium produced the highest amount of protein on the sixth day, with the amount of 0.3951 mg/mL. Optimization of two parameters; substrate concentration and inoculum size for the selected fungi, P. chrysosporium was done conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Central Composite Design (CCD) to investigate optimal condition of bioprotein production. The optimum condition for P. chrysosporium to produce bioprotein using SMS was achieved at 60% of substrate concentration and 15% (w/v) of inoculum size with maximum protein concentration of 0.3812 mg/mL.
  • Publication
    The influences of soil burial assessment on linear low-density polyethylene/Cyperus odoratus biocomposite
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    N. A. Faris
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    ;
    N. A. Latip
    The potential of Cyperus Odoratus (CY) as a filler was studied. In powder form, CY was mixed with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), prior to being fed into a twin screw extruder and subsequently into an injection moulding machine to produce LLDPY/CY biocomposite dumbbell specimens. LLDPE/CY biocomposites with composition ratios of 5% to 20 wt% were studied. The natural soil burial of LLDPE/CY biocomposites were carried out for 1 year and the samples were collected and measured after 3, 6, and 12 months for degradability tests, by means of tensile tests and morphological study. Within the 1-year exposure to soil burial test, the tensile strength and Eb of the composites decreased, while their Young's modulus increased. The presence of CY filler in the composites significantly accelerated the degradation of the LLDPE/CY biocomposites.
  • Publication
    Surface modification of bamboo filler by acid treatment on flexural and morphology rHDPE/BF composites
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    ;
    Izwan Johari
    This study main objective is to compare the effect of different concentration on surface treatments of natural fibrous material, bamboo filler (BF) by using acetic acid (CH3COOH). The application of surface treatment on natural fibrous material can improve the compatibility with polymer matrix material. Different concentration on surface treatment by using CH3COOH were applied at 0 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.% and 7.5 wt.%. After the application of surface treatments, the fibrous materials were combined with polymer matrix material, particularly recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE), by twin screw extruder and injection moulding. The mechanical test was performed to evaluate the influence of different concentration of surface treatments on rHDPE/BF composites. The experimental results shows that the surface treatment by using CH3COOH on BF strongly affect the mechanical properties of the final composite materials by increasing the flexural strength ultimately at 5.0 wt.% concentration CH3COOH with the highest flexural strength. The morphology of treated BF by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) show that the lignin, wax and other impurities was removed from BF.
  • Publication
    The effects of different bamboo filler loading on HDPE/BF composites and rHDPE/BF composites: flexural and morphology
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    ;
    Izwan Johari
    In this article, wood plastic composite (WPC) is a composite material made up from bamboo as filler (BF) and high-density polyethylene and recycle high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic as matrix. This research was conducted in order to investigate the mechanical properties of HDPE/BF and rHDPE/BF composites with different filler loading (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 20 wt.%). From the morphology test by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), the bonding between filler and matrix to 10 wt.% show a positive effect and have a great bonding. The, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) used to analyze the functional group in the bamboo filler which contain lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The flexural test was conducted to study the mechanical properties of rHDPE/BF composites. Based on the flexural test result, the HDPE/BF and rHDPE/BF composites with 10 wt.% BF show the highest flexural result as decreasing filler loading will reduce the strength of the composites.
  • Publication
    Characterization and coagulation performance of poly ferric silicate sulfate from rice husk ash
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Nor Fauziah Zainudin
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    Ainun Nisa Ganul
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Hanafi Ismail
    Rice husk ash which mostly made up of silica is valuable material for use in industrial applications including production of sodium silicate. Different methods to extract SiO2 from rice husk ash was conducted and the best method was used to prepare poly ferric silicate sulfate coagulant. The prepared coagulant was characterized by using FTIR and SEM. In the coagulation-flocculation process, poly ferric silicate sulfate prepared shows better coagulation performance compared to commercialized polyacrylamide in terms of turbidity removal at three levels of turbidity.
  • Publication
    Influence of filler surface modification on static and dynamic mechanical responses of rice husk reinforced linear low-density polyethylene composites
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Jez B.
    ;
    Nabialek M.
    ;
    Akil H.M.
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Azmi A.
    Filler surface modification has become an essential approach to improve the compatibility problem between natural fillers and polymer matrices. However, there is limited work that concerns on this particular effect under dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, in this study, both untreated and treated low linear density polyethylene/rice husk composites were tested under static (0.001 s-1, 0.01 s-1and 0.1 s-1) and dynamic loading rates (650 s-1, 900 s-1and 1100 s-1) using universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment, respectively. Rice husk filler was modified using silane coupling agents at four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7% weight percentage of silane) at room temperature. This surface modification was experimentally proven by Fourier transform infrared and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results show that strength properties, stiffness properties and yield behaviour of treated composites were higher than untreated composites. Among the treated composites, the 5% silane weight percentage composite shows the optimum mechanical properties. Besides, the rate of sensitivity of both untreated and treated composites also shows great dependency on strain rate sensitivity with increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the thermal activation volume shows contrary trend. For fracture surface analysis, the results show that the treated LLDPE/RH composites experienced less permanent deformation as compared to untreated LLDPE/RH composites. Besides, at dynamic loading, the fracture surface analysis of the treated composites showed good attachment between RH and LLDPE.
      1
  • Publication
    Insight on the structural aspect of ENR-50/TiO2 hybrid in KOH/C3H8O medium revealed by NMR spectroscopy
    ( 2020)
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Mohamad Abu Bakar
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Abdulkader M. Alakrach
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Tijjani Adam
    ;
    Awad A. Al-rashdi
    The ring-opening reactions (ROR) of epoxide groups in epoxidized natural rubber/titania (ENR-50/TiO2) hybrid in potassium hydroxide/isopropanol medium were examined using NMR spectroscopy and supported by the FTIR technique. The thermal behaviour of the hybrid was also studied using TG/DTG and DSC analyses. The 1H NMR results suggested that 16.82% of ROR occurred in the hybrid, while the 13C NMR results exhibited five new peaks at δ 19.5, 71.0, 73.7, 91.7 and 94.4 ppm in the hybrid. 2D NMR, such as HMQC, HMBC and COSY techniques, further scrutinized these assignments. The FTIR spectrum exhibited Ti-O-C characteristics via the peak at 1028 cm−1. The TG/DTG results showed four steps of thermal degradation at 44–148, 219–309, 331–489 and 629–810 °C due to the existence of Ti moieties along with a polymer chain mixture (intact and ring-opened epoxide groups) of ENR-50, which in turn led to an increase in the Tg value of the hybrid to 27 °C compared to that of purified ENR-50 at −17.72 °C.
      4  12
  • Publication
    Influence of filler surface modification on static and dynamic mechanical responses of rice husk reinforced linear low-density polyethylene composites
    ( 2021)
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    B. Jeż
    ;
    M. Nabiałek
    ;
    Hazizan Md Akil
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Azida Azmi
    Filler surface modification has become an essential approach to improve the compatibility problem between natural fillers and polymer matrices. However, there is limited work that concerns on this particular effect under dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, in this study, both untreated and treated low linear density polyethylene/rice husk composites were tested under static (0.001 s –1, 0.01 s –1 and 0.1 s –1) and dynamic loading rates (650 s –1, 900 s –1 and 1100 s –1) using universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment, respectively. Rice husk filler was modified using silane coupling agents at four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7% weight percentage of silane) at room temperature. This surface modification was experimentally proven by Fourier transform infrared and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results show that strength properties, stiffness properties and yield behaviour of treated composites were higher than untreated composites. Among the treated composites, the 5% silane weight percentage composite shows the optimum mechanical properties. Besides, the rate of sensitivity of both untreated and treated composites also shows great dependency on strain rate sensitivity with increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the thermal activation volume shows contrary trend. For fracture surface analysis, the results show that the treated LLDPE/RH composites experienced less permanent deformation as compared to untreated LLDPE/RH composites. Besides, at dynamic loading, the fracture surface analysis of the treated composites showed good attachment between RH and LLDPE.
      1  11