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PublicationLakuan Ilokusi Ucapan Zahid Hamidi dalam PAU 2017 dan 2018(Penerbit UKM, 2020)Studies on political speeches are not new and cover various aspects including that of language use. Political speeches are a medium through which ideas and ideologies are communicated through language use for the sake of the listener’s understanding. The success of delivering a political speech depends on the use of persuasive arguments. This study presents an analysis of the use of speech acts as an effective argumentative strategy. Its two objectives are to compare the use of speech acts in two different situations, and to explain the results obtained from the comparison. The data of the study comprise two keynote addresses by Zahid Hamidi. The first is the keynote at the 2017 UMNO General Assembly before the 14th General Election (PRU14) in 2017, and the second is his keynote address at the 2018 UMNO General Assembly, after the party's defeat in PRU14. The analysis used qualitative method, adopting Bach and Harnish's (1979) theoretical framework. Overall findings show Zahid Hamidi used constatives, directives, commissives and acknowledgements in his speeches. Constatives and directives were specifically utilised to influence and convince the audience of his arguments more in his 2017 speech than in the 2018 one. After PRU14, Zahid used more of commissives and acknowledgments. Commissives stand at 10.3% in the 2018 speech, compared to 4.5% in 2017 and acknowledgements is at 9.3% in 2018 compared to 5.4% in 2017. The change in use of the speech acts across the two years suggests that Zahid has had to adjust his use of words and language to fit in with the 2018 socio-political scenario. The results show that socio-political scenario clearly has an impact on the type of speech acts used in politicians’ speeches. The findings also send a message to politicians that their speeches should contain speech acts appropriate to the current scenario, which can be understood clearly by their supporters.
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PublicationShari’ah-compliant Sukuk versus conventional bond announcements: is there a wealth effect?(Springer, 2019)We employ standard event study methodology to examine the stock price reaction to the issuance announcements of 237 Islamic bonds (Sukuk) versus 231 conventional bonds issued in twelve financial markets from 2005 to 2017. We further examine the effects of issuance announcement on shareholder wealth in multiple economic settings, pre-crisis, during the crisis, and post-crisis, using the recent financial crisis (2007–2009) as a benchmark. Using multiple regression model, we also attempt to identify the potential explanatory variables for the wealth effects. Our findings support existing literature: there is an insignificant market reaction for the announcements of Sukuk as well as conventional bonds in the pre-global financial crisis period of 2008. During the crisis period, market reaction is significantly negative for both groups. In the post-crisis period (which is the longest period and the largest sub-sample), the market reaction for Sukuk is positive and significant, apparently due to market participants’ new look, awareness and increased demand for Islamic financial products, whereas for conventional bonds the market reaction is insignificant. Additionally, our study finds supporting results for the signalling theory and the asymmetric information theory. Offer size has a significant positive impact on stock returns. In the pre-crisis period, large firms (with a higher asset base) generated abnormal returns. For the periods during and post crisis, large Sukuk issuers had higher abnormal returns. In addition, significant leverage is found for issuing bonds in post and during crisis periods.
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PublicationThe effects of energy consumption and national output on CO₂ emissions: new evidence from OIC countries using a panel ARDL analysis(MDPI, 2020)The issue of energy has been debated among policymakers and economists. Energy plays an important role in generating economic activities. On the other hand, it can have deleterious impacts on the environment as more carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions will be released. Most previous studies focused on total energy rather than types of energy such as oil and gas in investigating the effects of energy consumption on CO₂ emissions. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of oil and gas consumption rather than total energy consumption on CO₂ emissions in 20 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. The dynamic heterogeneous panel (panel autoregressive distributed lag model – panel ARDL) approach namely pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG), and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) were employed. The main results reveal that in the long run, overall national output contributes to higher environmental degradation. However, in the short run, overall national output does not affect CO₂ emissions. The results also suggest that the population can reduce CO₂ emissions in the short run but leaves no effect in the long run. Besides, gas consumption and oil consumption can have deleterious effects on the environment. The effect of oil consumption is greater than the effect of gas consumption on the environment. Therefore, it is important to consume more renewable energy such as solar, biodiesel, and hydro to replace non-renewable energy, particularly oil, in a bid to conserve the environment.
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PublicationEstablishing the HLS-M-Q18 short version of the European health literacy survey questionnaire for the Malaysian context(Springer, 2020)Background: The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is becoming a widely used tool to measure health literacy (HL), including in Malaysia. There are efforts to reduce the 47-item scale to parsimonious short item scales that still reflect the assumptions and requirements of the conceptual model. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the 47-item scale to a short scale that can offer a feasible HL screening tool with sufficient psychometric properties. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the Malaysian population based on ethnic distribution to ensure that the short version instrument reflects the country's varied ethnicities. The survey was administered by well-trained interviewers working for the Ministry of Health Malaysia. A total of 866 responses were obtained. Data was analysed using multi-factorial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with categorical variables. Results: The analysis resulted in a satisfactory 18-item model. There were high correlations among the 18 items. The internal consistency reliability was robust, with no floor/ceiling effects. These results represented equivalence and consistency among the responses to items, suggesting that these items were homogenous in measuring Malaysian health literacy. The strong convergent and discriminant validity of the model makes the proposed 18 items a suitable short version of the health literacy instrument for Malaysia. Conclusions: The researchers propose the 18-item instrument to be named HLS-M-Q18. This short version instrument may be used in measuring health literacy in Malaysia as it achieved robust reliability, structural validity and construct validity that fulfilled goodness-of-fit criteria.
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