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PublicationFactors affecting E-learning effectiveness in a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia(Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2010)The purpose of this research was to investigate factors that influence the effectiveness of the e-learning system in a higher learning institution. The participants were students randomly selected from diploma and degree programs. The main instrument was a questionnaire that was distributed to the students. The researchers collected 205 completed questionnaires out of a total of 300. Four factors were chosen as independent variables namely: reaction and satisfaction, learning outcome and achievement, familiarity with online learning technology, and participation and interaction. It was found that the effectiveness of the e-learning system was significantly affected by reaction and satisfaction, learning outcome and achievement, and familiarity with online learning technology. The participation and interaction factor had no apparent effect on the effectiveness of the e-learning system. Therefore, it is recommended that higher learning institutions interested in introducing e-learning should focus on students’ reaction and satisfaction towards the system. E-learning should focus on learning outcomes and achievement. It is also recommended that institutions first look into the issue of familiarity with online learning technology among students before introducing the e-learning system so as to determine whether students are comfortable with the online learning tools.
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PublicationFactors that influencing green purchasing behaviour towards ecological product among Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) students(RMP Publications, 2020)Nowadays, numerous activities have been conducted by all the people and government to support green concept. However there is still exist issue regarding the environment occur in Malaysia such as the cost of waste management from 2016 to 2017 are keep increasing from RM200 million to RM250 million. There were three objectives in this research that are (1) To examine the social influence effecting green purchasing behaviour towards ecological product; (2) To examine the environmental concern in influencing green purchasing behaviour towards ecological product; (3) To examine the environment attitude in influencing green purchasing behaviour towards ecological product. To complete this study, researcher used Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to underpinning the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire by using 5-point likert scale in order to investigate our research objective. 268 sets of questionnaire were collected from University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) students. The SPSS was used to analyse the descriptive analysis, reliability test, multiple regression and Pearson correlation analysis. The result show that the there are two significant factor that influence green purchasing behaviour towards ecological product among students that is social influence and environmental attitude but not significant factor is environmental concern. Thus, this study also suggested future research could be done, whereby researcher could get larger sample size and by doing sample using actual purchaser of ecological product to improve the understanding of green purchasing behaviour.
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PublicationExploring the scientific evolution of collective leadership: a bibliometric analysis from Scopus database(Emerald Publishing, 2024)Purpose: This study aims to review the last 50 years of academic research on collective leadership (CL) and how far it has progressed by using the Scopus database and the science mapping technique of bibliometric analysis. Design/methodology/approach: This study has analysed 417 publications from the Scopus database on collective leadership from 1967 to 2023. Data were analysed using MS Excel and VOSviewer. Findings: There has been research from different parts of the world on the various aspects of collective leadership. In recent years, collective leadership research has gained momentum. However, collective leadership is still at a nascent level when it comes to the applicability of the concepts. So far, the research on collective leadership has relied on themes such as shared leadership and distributed leadership, how collective leadership differs from other similar-looking leadership styles such as transformational leadership, and how this influences followers’ outcomes such as team effectiveness, achievements, relations, commitment, etc. Most of the research so far has been done in the United States of America, the UK and the Australian context. There exists a huge gap for studying collective leadership in African, Middle Eastern and Asian contexts. Research limitations/implications: Collective leadership research trends may be addressed to enable academics and practitioners to better understand current and future trends and research directions. Future studies in this field might use the findings as a starting point to highlight the nature of the topic. Originality/value: Bibliometric techniques provide a far more comprehensive and reliable picture of the field. This article has the potential to serve as a one-stop resource for researchers and practitioners seeking information that can aid in transdisciplinary endeavours by leading them to recognized, peer-reviewed papers, journals and networks.
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PublicationDeterminants of social media advertising avoidance among UniMAP students(RMP Publications, 2020)Social media has become an important medium to marketers for the expansion of advertising. However, consumers are continuously increasing to avoid social media advertising. Consequently, the potential factors of social media advertising avoidance have appeared as a significant focus of research to offer insights that may come out with the effective ways to reduce social media advertising avoidance. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study about the determinants of social media advertising avoidance in the context of university students. This research analyzed the demographic information, descriptive results, strength of each independent variables towards the dependent variable. Generally, this research is a quantitative study. Pilot test is conducted for 30 respondents and all the variables obtain Cronbach’s alpha more than 0.7 which is acceptable. Simple random sampling technique is applied in this study for data collection as well. 370 sets of questionnaires are distributed to the UniMAP students to collect data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 is used to evaluate data of this research. Under the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, this study finds out that the independent variables of goal impediment, privacy concern and negative experience are related to advertising avoidance positively whereas perceived personalization is related to advertising avoidance negatively. Therefore, this research suggests to the marketers to personalize the social media advertising so that the consumers will less likely to avoid the advertisement. This research suggests the future researchers to get more sample size in order to obtain a better and precise results.
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PublicationFactors of E-commerce adoption by tourism-based SMEs In Melaka, Malaysia(RMP Publications, 2020)E-commerce is in rapid growth nowadays. An SME has to adopt e-commerce in order to continue surviving in an intensely competitive environment. However, it was showed that there is a slow succession from the use of e-commerce among tourism-based SMEs in Melaka, Malaysia. As a result, this research is carried out to identify the factors of e-commerce adoption. Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) Framework by Tornatzky, Fleischer, and Chakrabarti and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory by Rogers were used in this research to explain the independent variables in affecting e-commerce adoption. Along with, this research also analyzed the demographic information, descriptive results, strength of each independent variable towards the dependent variables. Generally, this research is a quantitative study. 15 respondents were selected in the pilot test. All the variables are excellent reliability due to the Cronbach’s alpha of more than 0.80. Convenience sampling technique was being chosen to collect our research data. The questionnaire was distributed to 118 respondents of tourism-based Small and Medium Enterprises (TSMEs) in Melaka, Malaysia. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data of this research. From the result of Regression Analysis, it was found out that technological context, organizational context, environmental context, and individual context have a positive relationship with e-commerce adoption. Therefore, the organizations are able to increase their e-commerce performance by verifying the factors in their e-commerce system. This research suggests the future researchers to replicate the study in other industries or the other states in Malaysia which involved a bigger size of the population to make the result more generalize and increase its accuracy. Future researchers also may distribute the questionnaire by visit personally to the SMEs rather than the online distributive survey in order to have a faster response from the respondents.
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