Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
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Preferred name
Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
Official Name
Shaiful Rizam, Shamsudin
Alternative Name
Shamsudin, Saiful Rizam
Shamsudin, S. R.
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Scopus Author ID
57923516300
Researcher ID
AFZ-3675-2022

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Effects of different pH of 3.5% NaCl solution on steel under zero charge corrosion protection technique

2021-11-12 , Wardan R. , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Sampasivam T. , Mohd Fitri M.W. , Yati M.S.D.

The study is carried out to understand the new corrosion protection technique, non-polarization concept, using current/voltage pulses to achieve a potential of zero charges (Epzc) of the metal-solution interface. As a result, a cost-saving and ecological method has been proposed as a new anti-corrosion method. In the methodology, U-bend samples are immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. The readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges, and the effect of Epzc. An examination on the ZCCP on low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution was analyze for 120 hours days. This study is carried out to understand the concept of corrosion behaviour and a new corrosion protection technique which applies non-polarization concept. A U-bend mild steel is used to corrosion effect in various pH values under zero charge protection. Samples were then immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. Electrochemical behaviour of steel sample in 3.5% NaCl solution was analysed by means of Tafel extrapolation. It was found that Ecorr and icorr recorded dissimilar readings at different pH values. As Ecorr rises, icorr drops from pH 6 to pH 9, hence corrosion rate also decreases from pH 6 to pH 9. Zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) technique is used to study the efficiency of corrosion protection method in different pH values. Readings of alternating current (IAC) and direct voltage (VDC) are recorded throughout the ZCCP experiment. These readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges and the effect of Epzc.

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Effect of porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and OPC paste

2020 , SitiAisyah Razak , Farah Farhana Zainal , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

The fly ash based geopolymer is a promising binder by activation of fly ash with an alkaline activating solution. The fly ash based geopolymer prepared was characterized by several methods. The experimental result, studies effect of the porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement paste for comparison. The porosity studies were determined using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method included nitrogen adsorption / desorption plots. Then followed by water absorption and compressive strength tested at 7 and 28 days curing time. The result shows that the porosity of fly ash based geopolymer paste was in the lower surface area, pore volume and pore size compared to Ordinary Portland Cement paste. The small pore size of the fly ash based geopolymer had a significant proportion of a micropores whilst Ordinary Portland Cement paste pores were mostly mesopores. The highest compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer can be achieved up to 76.723 MPa at 28 days when less of pore size and water absorption. Therefore, the paste based on geopolymeric materials is a better durability and high resistance to aggressive environment compared Ordinary Portland Cement paste.

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Modeling and Simulation of Metal Oxide Surge Arresters Models by using ATPDraw Software

2023-01-01 , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Ting K.X. , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Gunasilan M.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon that occurs quite often, especially in Malaysia. Lightning is very dangerous as the voltage of the lightning is very high which can affect human daily living by damaging the electrical and electronic components. Thus, the study of lightning surges is essential in order to coordinate insulation to the electric power system. The function of the surge protection device (SPD) is to divert the surge current from the distribution line. This paper performed a comparison performance of simplified modeling of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA). The typical models of the surge protection devices (SPDs) such as the IEEE and Pinceti model were modeled and simulated using the ATPDraw software and the performance of those model were studied with several manufacturer surge arresters. The MATLAB software was used to obtain the results on the impulse voltage signal of the SPDs. Both models' performances are being investigated, and MATLAB has been used to examine the voltage data. According to the findings, the IEEE model is more effective for usage as a lightning arrester in MV networks.

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Incoloy 800HT weldolet integrity in hot collector replica testing insights

2024-12 , Nur Farhana Hayazi , Ku Adri Azhan Ku Mohamad , Junaidi Che Halim , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

In this paper, the integrity assessment of Primary Reformer’s hot collector weldolet in the fertilizer plant was conducted. It aims to discuss the findings of the relevant weldolet weldments which include dye penetrant test ultrasonic test, in-situ field metallography (replication), hardness measurements and rectification measures. The first step of the steam reforming process takes place in the Primary Reformer, where preheated hydrocarbon and steam mixture is passed downwards through vertical tubes containing catalyst. The hot gas that exited from the catalyst tubes is termed reformed gas and will enter two headers, namely hot and cold collectors. From then, the reformed gas will transform into raw ammonia synthesis gas after undergoing several processes. The facility was commissioned in 2006 and is still in operation. During the Plant Turnaround in 2022, the Primary Reformer’s hot collector weldolet component is categorised as high nickel content material, commercially known as Incoloy 800HT, was detected with circumferential crack at several locations. The operating temperature of the weldolet is 8110C. The observed damage mechanism of the crack was “Aged Phenomenon”. However, at four locations of the weldments, further dye penetrant test (DPT) and metallurgical testing using replica test had observed sigma phase microstructure which is related to sigma phase embrittlement (SPE) without any creep cavity observed. Finally, both occurrences were reported and reviewed.

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Pembangunan teknik keupayaan cas sifar untuk aplikasi perlindungan kakisan

2016 , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

This study aims to modify the practice of using over-voltage concept of polarization process in cathodic protection to the potential of zero charges (Epzc) as a new technique of corrosion prevention. At Epzc, a metal surface is not in contact with an aqueous solution due to the absence of electrical charge and no electrostatic attraction. A chemical adsorption caused by oxidation reaction does not occur at Epzc· The removal of electrical charges at the electrode-electrolyte interface leads the desorption of ionic charges which causes the metal surface suffers no longer a corrosion reaction due to the absence of a charge transfers. The determination of Epzc is carried out by measuring the border line of adsorption and desorption of charged ions on the metal surface by the intersected inducing polarization methods on the intermediate rod. The experimental Epzc value ( -703 m V vs SCE) is more negative than the corrosion potential (Ecorr = -701 mV vs SCE) shows the immersed metal in 3.5% NaCl solution have an excessive positive charge. Therefore, the negative charge is required to eliminate or neutralize the positive charges to bring the metal surface to Epzc· The charge removal is a discharging of double-layer process on the metal-solution interface. It is carried out by supplying electrons to the extent necessary just to eliminate the positive charges on the metal surface by using potentiostat. The discharging was perfmmed by means of voltage scan method around Epzc (Epzc scan) with an ideal magnitude at about 2 m V, which is slightly negative than corrosion potential (Ecorr) at the lowest rate (1.0 x 10-2 mV/ min). The plot of current density versus time takes about 100 hours to displays a capacitor discharging curve profile. The current requirement for corrosion protection at Epzc is not critical after a 100 hour period. The planned interval immersion tests on reactive Mg metals clearly prove that corrosion protection at Epzc is succeed and their corrosion protection efficiency is between 93-96% in 3.5 % NaCl solution.

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Corrosion behaviour of mild steel : insights from tafel extrapolation analysis in flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions and soil with diverse resistivity levels

2024-12 , Mahalaksmi Gunasilan , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Nursalasawati Rusli , Mohd Rafi Adzman , Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad

The corrosion behaviour of AISI 1006 steel in diverse environmental conditions were comprehensively investigated to offer valuable insights into corrosion mitigation strategies for critical infrastructure protection. This study employed an optical emission spectrometer, pH measurements, soil resistivity assessment, and Tafel extrapolation conducted with a potentiostat. The study encompassed stagnant and flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions, with flow velocities ranging from 0 to 12 km/h, and considered soil corrosiveness based on soil resistivity. In stagnant 3.5% NaCl solutions, minimal corrosion was observed due to limited oxygen availability, resulting in a 6.634 x 10¯3 mm/year corrosion rate. A noteworthy trend was evident in flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions, with corrosion rates peaking at 9 km/h (11.918 x 10¯3 mm/year) and subsequently decreasing at 12 km/h (10.423 x 10¯3 mm/year). This intriguing pattern may be attributed to the potential formation of a protective oxide layer at higher flow velocities, likely due to increased dissolved oxygen and mass transport. The soil's corrosiveness significantly influenced corrosion rates, with lower-resistivity soils exhibiting heightened corrosion rates. In very mildly corrosive soil, AISI 1006 steel displayed a corrosion rate of 2.818 x 10¯4 mm/year. The corrosion rate increased as soil corrosiveness intensified, reaching its peak of 6.319 x 10¯4 mm/year in severely corrosive soil. Extremely corrosive soil led to a corrosion rate of 8.033 x 10¯4 mm/year, as improved soil conductivity accelerated ion transfer and electron flow, ultimately expediting corrosionrelated electrochemical reactions. This study enhances the understanding of AISI 1006 steel corrosion in varying conditions, providing critical data for corrosion control in structures and assets, emphasising the need for tailored prevention measures.

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Effect physical and mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymers on corrosion reinforcement bar: A review

2020 , Siti Aisyah Abd Razak , Farah Farhana Zainal , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

A major concern for any society with reinforced concrete structures is steel corrosion. Much effort has been made to minimize corrosion damages in new structures and develop corrosion protection of existing structures. The physical and mechanical of fly ash-based geopolymer are enhanced with a few factors that influence its high performance than Ordinary Portland Cement concrete in many aspects such as compressive strength, workability, exposure to aggressive environment and high temperature. This review paper focus on effect of physical and mechanical properties of fly ash based geopolymer paste on the corrosion reinforcement bar. The geopolymerization process in geopolymer paste can improve the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers. Hence, the physical and mechanical properties is important the stability and contribute high compressive strength of geopolymer and improve the corrosion resistance of reinforcement bar.

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The effect of F-75 alloy mixed with HAP on microstructure in corrosion test for biomaterial applications

2010-09-06 , Rohaya Abdul Malek , Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

Co-Cr-Mo (ASTM: F-75) alloy is generally used because of their mechanical properties, good wear and corrosion resistance as well as biocompatibility. In order to obtain chemical similarity and interfacial bond form between implanted biomaterials and living tissue, addition of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is required. This study has focused on a research in F-75 alloy mixed with HAP fabricated by powder metallurgy (P/M) technique. The effect of HAP addition ranging 2 to 10 wt. % of HAP on biocompatibility (corrosion resistance) was examined. To analyse the result, the reference sample (F-75 alloy without HAP) and composites are compared. All samples are immersed into 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 ûC in 6-week duration. Every interval of 48 hours, the weight loss per area is recorded. By increasing amount of HAP, it is noticed that corrosion rate is increasing except for composite with 2 wt.% of HAP which has the lowest corrosion rate among others. The possibilities of increasing corrosion rate are the formation of general attack and pitting. Besides, the formation of apatite layer can be seen as predicted.

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Failure investigation and analysis of locally manufactured turbine blade

2023-05-01 , Mahalaksmi Gunasilan , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Rajaselan Wardan , Aleena Ramlee , Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad , Mohd Rafi Adzman

This study aims to identify the root cause of a turbine blade failure after only 36 hours of operation and recommends measures to prevent future failures. The analysis involved four samples, including an OEM sample, three fabricated samples with cracks and parts, including a kept sample for failure analysis. Microstructural analysis using Villella's reagent as an etchant, surface morphology, and micro-elemental analysis were conducted using the benchtop SEM & EDS. The hardness of the samples was tested using the Rockwell (HRC) method. The failed blade was made of AISI 422 grade stainless steel. It failed due to chipping that initiated cracks when it was tightly fastened, facilitated by internal stress and intermetallic particles in the microstructure. Instead of turbine blades made of hardened steel, the material was found to be slightly ductile and highly prone to compression before breaking when over-tightened during assembly. Inadequate heat treatment practices caused varied microstructural patterns, including the presence of intermetallic particles and significant hardness differences between the fabricated and OEM samples, leading to internal stress. In order to prevent future failures, there is a requirement to improve quality control measures during the fabrication process, particularly in the aspect of heat treatment practices.Thorough testing and analysis of the material microstructure may also be necessary to identify and eliminate potential sources of internal stress and intermetallic particles. Proper installation and fastening of turbine blades, regular inspection, and maintenance can also help identify early signs of failure and prevent catastrophic failures from occurring.

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Effect of Pulse Frequencies on Low Carbon Steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution under Zero Charge Corrosion Protection

2020-11-24 , Wardan R. , Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin , Sanusi M.S. , Mohd Fitri M. W.

Zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) is an alternative to the existing cathodic protection methods. It applies a current/voltage pulse with a certain particular frequency to attain a potential of zero charge (Epzc) on the electrode-electrolyte interface. A study on the pulse frequencies of ZCCP system on low-carbon steel in 3.5 % NaCl Na solution was carried out for 14 days. The pulse frequencies are varied from 4, 20, 50 and 100 Hz. The ability of these frequencies in protecting samples is determined by means of corrosion rate based on weight loss analysis and surface morphology. Experimental observations indicate that low carbon steel corrosion protection is strongly influenced by changes in pulse frequency. Corrosion rates were found to gradually decrease as pulse frequency increased from 4, 20 to 50 Hz, nevertheless at higher frequencies (100 Hz), corrosion protection was observed to be less effective where the corrosion rate dramatically grew up. The surface morphology of the steel surface is smooth and protected at a pulse frequency of 50 Hz. This indicates that the current / voltage pulse of ZCCP system only requires 50 Hz which is equivalent to a standard AC power frequency applied in most countries including Malaysia.

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