Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
  • Publication
    Indium (In) Effects to The Efficiency Performance of Ga1-XInxP/GaAs Based Solar Cell Using Silvaco Software Modelling & Simulation
    Ga1-xInxP composition has been applied to the top cell of multi-junction GaInP/GaAs based solar cell and currently have achieving a conversion efficiency of more than 46%, however its capability is unclear. We performed an analysis using Silvaco simulation method to evaluate the effect of In and the substitution was made to the Ga1-xInxP for the range of x from 0 to 1. We found that the highest efficiency recorded was 17.66% when the composition of Indium was x=1. The efficiency has been increasing about 11.71% from x=0 to x=1 In content. As the composition of In raised, the value of efficiency and short circuit current density, Jsc also become higher (13.60 mA/cm2) by having a greater photon absorption in a wider band gap energy. In addition to that, Voc, Pmax, Vmax, Imax and fill factor was measured to be 2.15 V, 2.44 mW/cm2, 2.0 V, 1.22 mA/cm2 and 83.34 respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms that the existence of In in Ga1-xInxP improves the solar cell efficiency by gaining a higher energy gap and producing more electrons for best achievement in multilayer solar cell applications.
  • Publication
    Dielectric and microstructural properties of BaTiO3 and Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3 ceramics
    BaTiO3 and Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3 ceramics were investigated regarding their dielectric and microstructure properties via conventional solid state reaction method. The phase pure samples were obtained when heated at 1400°C for overnight. The effect of Er3+ doped into BaTiO3 on dielectric properties and microstructural properties was investigated for composition of BaTiO3 and Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3. The analysis was made by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Impedance Analyzer. The XRD patterns of BaTiO3 and Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3 are phase pure and identical with tetragonal perovskite structure with space group of P4mm. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume of BaTiO3 increased by doping with Erbium as the crystallite size decreased. Measurements of dielectric properties were carried out as a function of temperature up to 200°C at different frequencies. Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3 exhibit the high value of dielectric constant (ε=6179) at Curie temperature (TC) of 120°C. SEM analysis of BaTiO3 and Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3 ceramics showed that the grain sizes of BaTiO3 and Ba0.9925Er0.0075TiO3 were ranged from 3.3µm-7.8µm and 2.2µm-4.7µm respectively.
  • Publication
    The effect of cation ordering on the structure, electrical and electronic properties of cubic spinel LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄
    ( 2025-01)
    Edi Yasa Ardiansyah
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    ; ;
    Fahmi Fahmi
    In this paper, we present the investigation of the impact of cation ordering on the structural, electrical, and electronic properties of a cubic spinel LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄. Rietveld refinement using X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveals that LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ annealed at 700 °C adopts a well-ordered atomic arrangement in cubic spinel (SG = P4332). Then, it is transformed to a disordered cubic spinel (SG = Fd-3m) at higher temperatures (> 800 °C). Impedance spectroscopy is employed to evaluate the dielectric and electrical properties in the temperature range of 0 to 25oC within the frequency range between 10 Hz and 100 kHz. The Cole-Cole plot indicates that grain boundaries contribute significantly to electrical conductivity and that bulk resistance decreases with increasing temperature. The AC conductivity analysis shows that the electrical conductivity of well-ordered and disordered cubic spinel LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ exhibits thermal activation and obeys Jonscher's universal power law. Furthermore, the electronic properties of cubic spinel LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ with the space groups of Fd-3m and P4332 are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) plane-wave method. The electronic analysis of the cubic spinel LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ (SG = Fd-3m) indicates stronger bonding between oxygen and transition metal elements compared to the LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ (SG = P4332) structure. Therefore, LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄ with the Fd-3m space group exhibits high structural stability, making it a favourable cathode material for high-voltage rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
  • Publication
    Effect of Sn Doping on the Curie Temperature, Structural, Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti1−xSnxO3 Ceramics
    ( 2023-11-01)
    Nasir N.N.
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    ; ;
    Muhsen K.N.D.K.
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    ; ;
    Jumali M.H.H.
    ;
    Jamil N.H.B.
    Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti1−xSnxO3 material with varying Sn concentrations (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) was synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that as the Sn concentration increases from x = 0 to x = 0.10, the Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti1−xSnxO3 undergoes a structural phase change from tetragonal to cubic. Dielectric analysis of Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti1−xSnxO3 shows a significant drop in Tc, from 65 to 5°C, caused by the replacement of Sn4+ ions with larger ionic radii compared to Ti4+ ions at the B-sites. The composition with x = 0 exhibits the largest dielectric constant due to its enormous spontaneous dipole moments. Conversely, the substitution of Sn in Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti1−xSnxO3 reveals a decrease in the dielectric constant at the B-site structure of perovskite, resulting in a reduced tolerance factor and a decrease in the tetragonality of the sample. However, the pinching effect significantly enhances the dielectric constant of the sample with x = 0.10. Grain size measurements for x = 0 demonstrate a well-distributed grain structure. Additionally, the undoped sample exhibits a higher piezoelectric constant than the Ba0.8Sr0.2Ti1−xSnxO3 samples. According to the piezoelectric constant data, the composition with a tetragonal structure appears to have a greater piezoelectric constant than the cubic structure.
      1  18
  • Publication
    Carbon nanotube as electrode in film bulk acoustic wave resonator for improved performance
    Electrode material is one of the important material in designing FBAR. Different electrode materials will have different characteristic and properties. The different in properties will also produce different performance such as the quality factor or electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2eff). Study has shown that carbon nanotube (CNT) has been used as electrode in the fabrication of FBAR. The result shows that CNT offers higher Q factor compare to metal electrode. Therefore, in this work it is focused to design the zinc oxide (ZnO) based on FBAR with carbon nanotube (CNT) and aluminium (Al) as electrode with frequencies range of 6 GHz to 8 GHz. Analysis shows that CNT has higher Q factor compared to Al where the highest Q factor of CNT recorded is 1543 while Al is 1268 at frequency of 8 GHz with thickness of 30 nm at resonance area of 50 μm × 50 μm. For FBAR operation at 6 GHz, CNT shows the highest Q factor of 1164 while Al is 876 at thickness of 30 nm at resonance area of 50 μm × 50 μm. CNT and Al at 7 GHz also show the highest Q factor at thickness of 30 nm with resonance area of 50 μm × 50 μm by 1341 and 993 respectively. On the other hand, in term of k2eff, Al has higher value of k2eff compare to CNT where for 6 GHz the highest value of Al recorded is 0.062 while CNT is 0.026 at thickness of 30 nm with resonance area of 50 μm × 50 μm. For 7 GHz the highest k2eff of Al achieved is 0.067 while CNT is 0.042 at thickness of 30 nm. For 8 GHz, the highest k2eff of Al achieved is 0.073 while CNT is 0.025 at thickness of 30 nm.
      5  7
  • Publication
    Dielectric and structural analysis of hexagonal and tetragonal phase BaTiO3
    ( 2020-01-08)
    Yusoff, Nurul Huda
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    ; ;
    Muhsen, Ku Noor Dhaniah Ku
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    Barium titanate (BaTiO3) has been synthesized using conventional solid state reaction method at sintering temperatures of 1150°C and 1400°C. A single phase tetragonal perovkite BaTiO3 was observed at 1150°C and changed to hexagonal phase at 1400a°C. The result was confimed by using X-ray diffraction analysis. Hexagonal BaTiO3 exhibits almost linear dielectric constant value between 60 to 120, however the tetragonal phase shows a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic at 120a°C. The tetragonal phase BaTiO3 has the highest dielectric constant 6000 at Tc and 4000 at room temperature.
      4  15
  • Publication
    Ga 2 O 3 thin films by sol-gel method its optical properties
    Gallium (III) oxide Ga2O3 is emerging in the field of wide bandgap semiconductor for various applications such as solar-blind photodetectors et al. because of its wide bandgap. For this reason, the optical properties of Ga2O3 by sol-gel method are analyzed. Ga2O3 thin films are prepared by spin coating method. The annealing temperature to make α-Ga2O3 is in the range of 450°C-550°C, where after 550°C, β-Ga2O3 is obtained as reported in reviewed works. Therefore, annealing temperatures of samples are set at 500°C, 700°C and 900°C. X-ray diffraction is performed to characterize the structure of the sample. The optical bandgap of Ga2O3 is calculated based on the transmittance value measured from UV-Visible spectrophotometer, which range from 4.8eV to 5.0eV.
      2  12
  • Publication
    Impedance and modulus spectroscopy of polycrystalline Ba0.9995La0.0005TiO3for multilayer ceramic capacitor
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Tiong Yuan Tze
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    ; ;
    Ku Noor Dhaniah Ku Muhsen
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    ;
    Wahab Y.A.
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    Sagadevan S.
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    Sebastian T.
    ;
    Arturo R.L.D.
    Ba0.9995La0.0005TiO3 ceramics prepared via solid-state reaction route was found to be phase pure at the final sintering temperature of 1300°C for 16 hours. The dielectric constant was varied from 1900 to 2800 from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the complexities of ceramic materials such as homogeneity and inhomogeneity of materials that being process during production of most electronic materials. An electronic ceramic component can be visualized as a grain, grain boundary and electrode system. Impedance spectroscopy is being widely used to separate out contribution of the bulk and the grain boundary to the overall equivalent circuit models. Fixed frequency plots of dielectric constant versus temperature for Ba0.9995La0.0005TiO3 ceramics shows typical perovskite response with Curie temperature, Tc about 115 °C and fit with the equivalent circuit which contributed by bulk and grain boundary response.
      1
  • Publication
    Fused aromatic disubstituted azomethine as organic additives in NH4SCN doped CMC based electrolyte film
    (AIP Publishing, 2023) ;
    Jia Kai Low
    ;
    Wan M. Khairul
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    ;
    Mohd Ikmar Nizam Mohamad Isa
    The remarkable progress of organic dye based on donor-π-acceptor concepts has been extensively studied to enhance carrier mobility, electrical performance and can perform function at an optimum level in advanced electrochemical energy devices. In this study, new organic additive for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has been successfully synthesized by incorporating fused aromatic azomethine (-CH=N-) dye in carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) based electrolyte. Assessment of the synthesized additive has been physico-chemically characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible (UV-vis), 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Besides, DFT calculation revealed that the value of HOMO-LUMO gap exhibits semiconductor properties with the activation energy of 3.135 eV. The investigation of their capability as organic additive SPE has been discovered by incorporating CMC-NH4Cl via solution-casting technique. The structural analysis was conducted to study the effect of the atomic structure in correlation towards ionic and conductivity of newly develop SPE. The ionic conductivity of SPEs system has been measured using Impedance Spectroscopy with various weight percentage (wt%) of additive. The highest conductivity of SPEs at 303K was approximately ~10-3 Scm-1 at 0.6 wt%. As a result, the incorporation of fused aromatic azomethine into the SPE has a great potential to be used for electrochemical device application.
      5  11
  • Publication
    Physical, electrical and optical characterizations of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films
    ( 2020-01-08)
    Bakar Nurhanani Abu
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    Adnan Johari
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    ; ; ; ;
    Man Bahari
    Single layer Barium Strontium Titanate (BaxSr1-xTiO3) thin films were deposited on P type Silicon (Si) and thin Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) layer grown on Silicon (Si) substrate (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm) using spin coating technique were investigated in this work. The thin films were crystallized by annealing at 950 °C for 4 hours. Physical characterization was performed using XRD. Electrical and optical characterizations were aided by depositing Aluminum (Al) using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) on the thin films as electrode metal. I-V profile was obtained using Semiconductor Parametric Analyzer (SPA). A high impedance multimeter, light meter and a variable light source were introduced for optical characterizations including optical sensitivity, current density and I-V profile under variable light intensity from 0 to 900 Lux. Results show BST has diode like characteristics. The results which were compared with those from commercial solar cells and light sensors indicated that the BST thin films have potential as solar power generator and sensor.
      2  12