Production of refined sugar generates a significant amount of mud cake waste which has traditionally been managed through disposal in landfills. Such practice is not sustainable and can have negative environmental impacts. While previous research has primarily focused on evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of bagasse, less attention has been given to mud cake waste. By applying the waste-to-wealth concept and promoting a circular economy, this study aims to evaluate the potential economic benefits of using mud cake waste as an alternative raw material in cement production. To assess the potential economic benefits, the study employs an agent-based modelling analysis that simulates the actions and interactions of multiple agents. The results of the analysis demonstrate the potential economic benefits of mud cake waste exchange for both sugar producers and cement manufacturers. The concept of a win-win scenario is emphasized, where both parties share an equal amount of exchange costs and reap mutual benefits in cost savings, improved resource efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts by reducing the amount of waste being disposed of to the landfill.
