Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
  • Publication
    Reconfigurable pattern patch antenna for mid-band 5G: A review
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Isa S.R.
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    Nebhen J.
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    Kamarudin M.R.
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    Abbasi Q.H.
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    Soh Ping Jack
    New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the mid-band communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.
  • Publication
    Green Nanocomposite-Based Metamaterial Electromagnetic Absorbers: Potential, Current Developments and Future Perspectives
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Yah N.F.N.
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    Rahim H.A.
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    Soh Ping Jack
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    Abdulmalek M.
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    Seng L.Y.
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    Jamaluddin M.H.
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    The use of the natural materials instead of conventional materials as electromagnetic absorbers promotes environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of accessibility. Furthermore, these materials may also be designed as absorbers and as reinforcements in building materials in a lightweight form. The absorbing ability of composite materials can be customized based on the chosen fillers. Specifically, magnetic and dielectric fillers can be incorporated to improve the absorption of a composite material compared to traditional materials. This work aims to review recent developments of electromagnetic absorbers enabled by nanocomposites, metamaterial and metasurface-based, as well as green composite alternatives. First, the background concepts of electromagnetic wave absorption and reflection will be presented, followed by the assessment techniques in determining electromagnetic properties of absorbing materials. Next, the state-of-the-art absorbers utilizing different materials will be presented and their performances are compared. This review concludes with a special focus on the future perspective of the potential of metamaterial based nanocellulose composites as ultrathin and broadband electromagnetic absorbers.
  • Publication
    ENG and NZRI Characteristics of Decagonal-Shaped Metamaterial for Wearable Applications
    ( 2020-08-01)
    Hossain K.
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    Soh Ping Jack
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    Fazilah A.F.M.
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    Halim A.A.A.
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    Raghava N.S.
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    Podilchak S.K.
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    Schreurs D.
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    Abbasi Q.H.
    A decagonal-shaped split ring resonator metamaterial based on a wearable or textile-based material is presented in this work. Analysis and comparison of various structure sizes are compared considering a compact 6\times 6\ \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}{2} metamaterial unit cell, in particular, where robust transmission-reflection (RTR) and Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) methods have been performed to extract the effective metamaterial parameters. An investigation based on the RTR method indicated an average bandwidth of 1.39 GHz with a near-zero refractive index (NZRI) and a 2.35 GHz bandwidth when considering epsilon negative (ENG) characteristics. On the other hand, for the NRW method, approximately 0.95 GHz of NZRI bandwidth and 2.46 GHz of ENG bandwidth have been observed, respectively. These results are also within the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range, suggesting that the proposed unit cell structure is suitable for textile UWB antennas, biomedical sensors, related wearable systems, and other wireless body area network communication systems.
  • Publication
    High Gain Beam-Steerable Reconfigurable Antenna using Combined Pixel and Parasitic Arrays
    ( 2021-01-12)
    Subramaniam D.
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    Soh Ping Jack
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    Alaydrus M.
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    Hodgkinson C.J.
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    Podilchak S.K.
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    Schreurs D.
    This paper presents a pattern reconfigurable antenna for wide beam steering applications at the 9.5 GHz band. The beam steering performance is based on the combination of a Yagi-Uda antenna and its complimenting top pixel structure. The integration of this driven antenna element with its parasitic elements is capable of providing steering of up to ±40° (at -40°, 0° and +40°). However, with the added combination of a reconfigurable pixel array on top, the steering angle of the antenna can then be improved to -45°, 0° and +45°, and with measured gains of between 6.5 and 7.5 dBi. A factor critical in enabling the added beam steering capability is the control of the mutual coupling within the bottom antenna array and the top pixel layer. Results indicate that the proposed antenna could be useful for X-Band radar and other applications that require beam steering.
  • Publication
    Decagonal c-shaped csrr textile-based metamaterial for microwave applications
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Hossain K.
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    Soh Ping Jack
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    Al-Bawri S.S.
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    Osman M.N.
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    Torrungrueng D.
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    Akkaraekthalin P.
    This paper introduces a decagonal C-shaped complementary splitring resonator (CSRR) textile-based metamaterial (MTM). The overall size of the proposed sub-wavelength MTM unit cell is 0.28λ0 ×0.255λ0 at 3 GHz. Its stopband behaviour was first studied prior analysing the negative index properties of the proposed MTM. It is worth noting that in this work a unique way the experiments were completed. For both simulations andmeasurements, the proposed MTM exhibited negative-permittivity and negative-refractive index characteristics with an average bandwidth of more than 3 GHz (considering 1.7 to 8.2 GHz as the measurements were carried out within this range). In simulations, the MTM exhibited negative-permittivity properties within the range of 1.7 to 7.52 GHz and 7.96 to 8.2 GHz; and negative-refractive index from 1.7 to 2.23 GHz and 2.33 to 5.09 GHz and 5.63 to 7.45 GHz. When measured from 1.7 to 8.2 GHz, negative-permittivity and negative-refractive index characteristics are exhibited throughout an average bandwidth of more than 3 GHz. Similarly, the transmission coefficient attained in simulations and measurements indicated about 3 GHz of bandwidth, from 1.7 to 3.88 GHz and from 6.68 to 7.4 GHz. The satisfactory agreement between simulations and experiments indicates the potential of the proposed MTM for microwave applications.
  • Publication
    Bending Assessment of Dual-band Split Ring-shaped and Bar Slotted All-Textile Antenna for Off-body WBAN/WLAN and 5G Applications
    This paper presents a dual-band split ring-shaped and bar slotted textile antenna for potential WBAN/WLAN and 5G applications. The antenna is made using textiles and features a full ground plane to possibly alleviate coupling to the human body. The overall size of the antenna is 70 x 70 mm2, with a patch sized at 47.2 x 31 mm2 0.472 \lambda \times 0.031 \lambda. The antenna is made using ShieldIt Super as its conductive textile and felt as its substrate. To enable its dual-band resonance at 2.45 and 3.5 GHz a split ring-shaped and bar slots are integrated onto the patch. The proposed antenna is evaluated when bent under different radii and at different axes to estimate its performance in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, efficiency and gain. A 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 57 % or 135 MHz (from 2.39 to 2.52 GHz) and 70 % or 240 MHz (from 3.45 to 3.56 GHz) are obtained when evaluated in the planar /bent configuration. The maximum realized gain is 6 dBi for at 3.5 GHz. These performances indicate that the antenna proposed in this work can be potentially improved for applications in WBAN/WLAN and 5G bands.
  • Publication
    Design of Reconfigurable Antenna for RFID System
    ( 2021-07-26)
    Renukka Sivakumar
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    Soh Ping Jack
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    Salem Al-Bawri S.
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    Jayaprakasam S.
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    Saluja N.
    This paper proposes a reconfigurable antenna for RFID system which can operate between 860MHz to 960MHz frequency that belongs to ultra-high frequency (UHF) band used in Malaysia with the center frequency of 910MHz. One rectangular slot and two triangle-shaped slots are used in designing this antenna. A good circular polarization obtained from the slotted structure along the diagonal axis in the design. RF pin diodes are used as the switching mechanism of the antenna. However, in this work to proof the concept of switching mechanism, copper pins are used as artificial switches. Parasitic elements are deployed on the right and left side of the driven element to assist the radiation pattern reconfiguration. Overall, the proposed antenna able to steer the beam at approximately at -30 , -16 , and 10 with peak gain of 3.2dB and average gain of 2.5dB. With this result, overall coverage of UHF RFID reader antenna could be improved.
  • Publication
    Combined RIS and EBG Surfaces Inspired Meta-Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna Using Viscose-Wool Felt
    ( 2022-05-01)
    Shamsuri Agus A.N.S.
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    Abdelghany M.A.
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    Hossain K.
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    Padmanathan S.
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    Al-Bawri S.S.
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    Soh Ping Jack
    In this paper, we present a textile multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed with a metamaterial inspired reactive impedance surface (RIS) and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) using viscose-wool felt. Rectangular RIS was used as a reflector to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth to address well known crucial challenges—maintaining gain while reducing mutual coupling in MIMO antennas. The RIS unit cell was designed to achieve inductive impedance at the center frequency of 2.45 GHz with a reflection phase of 177.6◦. The improved bandwidth of 170 MHz was achieved by using a square shaped RIS under a rectangular patch antenna, and this also helped to attain an additional gain of 1.29 dBi. When the antenna was implemented as MIMO, a split ring resonator backed by strip line type EBG was used to minimize the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The EBG offered a sufficient band gap region from 2.37 GHz to 2.63 GHz. Prior to fabrication, bending analysis was carried out to validate the performance of the reflection coefficient (S11) and transmission coefficient (S21). The results of the analysis show that bending conditions have very little impact on antenna performance in terms of S-parameters. The effect of strip line supported SRR-based EBG was further analyzed with the fabricated prototype to clearly show the advantage of the designed EBG towards the mutual coupling reduction. The designed MIMO-RIS-EBG array-based antenna revealed an S21 reduction of −9.8 dB at 2.45 GHz frequency with overall S21 of <−40 dB. The results also indicated that the proposed SRR-EBG minimized the mutual coupling while keeping the mean effective gain (MEG) variations of <3 dB at the desired operating band. The specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis showed that the proposed design is not harmful to human body as the values are less than the regulated SAR. Overall, the findings in this study indicate the potential of the proposed MIMO antenna for microwave applications in a wearable format.
  • Publication
    Flexible Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW)-Fed Y-Shaped Patch UWB Antenna for Off-Body Communication
    ( 2020-03-18)
    Kassim S.
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    Soh Ping Jack
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    Abdulmalek M.
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    Jamaluddin M.H.
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    Sabli N.S.
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    Yassin M.N.
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    Ismail N.
    This paper intends to design an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna for future Internet of Things (IoT) applications for off-body Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) communication. An antenna based on the Y-shaped patch fed using co-planar waveguide (CPW) line, with a full ground plane is designed. It is implemented on two different substrates, namely a 5mm thick Rogers RO4350B and a 5-mm-thick felt textile. Parametric analysis of antenna is performed by changing its critical dimensions and monitoring parameters such as gain, bandwidth, efficiency, radiation pattern when using both substrates. Besides that, the bending effects towards reflection coefficient and radiation patterns are also studied. The final patch size with the Y-shaped slot is 36 × 40 mm2 for both substrates. The antenna is capable of providing coverage for the bands from 8 to 10 GHz. Finally, the antenna designed on RO4350B substrate outperforms the antenna designed on felt by about four times in terms of bandwidth, with 3.3 GHz (7.7-11 GHz).
  • Publication
    A Three-Year Improvement Assessment of Project-Based Learning for an Antennas and Propagation Course [Education Corner]
    ( 2020-12-01) ;
    Soh Ping Jack
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    Antennas and propagation constitute one of the compulsory courses for students in the communication engineering program at many universities. At Universiti Malaysia Perlis (Uni-MAP), a new project-based learning (PBL) approach has been implemented in the teaching and lab instruction of this class. Besides imparting the latest antenna technology in the form of textile antennas to the students, this hands-on approach has proved to increase students' interest and understanding of the main elements of the curriculum. PBL is applied during 14 weeks in the form of laboratory sessions. Through the first four weeks, basic antenna laboratory sessions are conducted to introduce students to the principles of antennas and their design, fabrication, and measurement procedures. Moreover, students are then required to fabricate their own unique antennas using textiles and manual tools available in the lab, a process that consumes less time compared to making antennas from normal printed circuit boards. An analysis of how well the course outcomes (COs) were achieved and the final results of the students was performed for three years. The conclusions indicate that, using PBL, student performance increased, with an average increment of 5% in the CO attainment.
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