Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Publication
    Implementation of PID Controller for Solar Tracking System
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Zakaria S.
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    Ong J.Q.
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    Engku Ariff E.A.R.
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    Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in industrial processes cue to their simplicity and effectiveness for linear and nonlinear systems. Solar tracking system is one of the most direct approaches adopted to harvest more solar energy from photovoltaic (PV) system compared to stationary solar system. Hence, the PV panels able to receive maximum sunlight and generate more energy. Arduino based prototype dual axis (Azimuth-Altitude) solar tracking system is constructed with the implementation of PID controller. The performance of dual axis tracking system and stationary solar system are compared and discussed. Types of tuning methods for PID constant will be determine with use of Arduino IDE. Comparative results depicted that performance in terms of current, voltage and power value. According to results, dual axis solar tracking system with implement of PID controller is shown better performance compare to stationary solar system.
  • Publication
    Microgrid synchronization using power offset through a central controller
    A high penetration of renewable energy in power systems gives rise to the inverter based distributed generators (DG) in the current microgrid system. With the ability of microgrid to operate in both islanded and grid connected mode, a robust and reliable coordination and synchronization between the DGs and the utility grid is crucial to provide a seamless transition between operation modes. Droop based technique is the most popular method in microgrid system, however, voltage or current transient are present during mode transition. A power offset synchronization technique is proposed to provide a seamless transition between modes of operation. The results show that the mode transition is smooth and seamless without any voltage or current transients.
  • Publication
    Improvement on the Surface Quality in Machining of Aluminum Alloy Involving Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
    ( 2021-01-01) ;
    Zaibi N.M.
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    Harun A.
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    Zakaria S.
    Aluminum Alloys are used in a variety of applications due to their lightweight, strength-to-weight ratio and relatively ease of fabrication. In aerospace industry, millions of holes drilled annually on airframe structures. Normally, cutting fluids have been used to help reduce friction and heat. However, the use of cutting fluid is one of the major concerns when considering the environmental issues in machining. The disposal of used cutting fluid poses problems to the environment. This research investigates the effect of greener technique; hexagonal Boron Nitride nanoparticles dispersed in oil as compared to dry cutting and oil alone in through hole drilling operation Their impact on tool wear, surface roughness, and holes quality in terms of diameter accuracy, circularity and cylindricity were experimentally studied. Results showed that application of hexagonal Boron Nitride improved surface finish and produced better dimensional hole accuracy. The work clearly shows the important of nanoparticles in improving machinability of this material.
  • Publication
    Study the Effect of Cutting Parameter in Machining Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite Materials Using DOE
    ( 2021-01-01) ;
    Che Haron C.H.
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    Zakaria S.
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    Hamid S.H.A.
    Natural fiber is a hairy like raw material which comes from natural sources such as animal, plant, and mineral fibers. Kenaf fiber known with scientific name as Hibiscus Cannabinus is one natural fibers which becoming popular as a reinforced for plastic composites material in the industrial application such as automobile, aircraft, and marine engineering. However, milling these materials present a few problems, which are surface roughness and delamination factors are appear during the machining process, associated with the characteristics of the material and the cutting parameter. The objective of evaluating the cutting parameters (spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut), the influence of the fibers under surface roughness (Ra) and delamination factor (Fd). In this research study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to conduct the experiment. In addition, this method established considering milling with prefixed cutting parameters using HSS end mill. The experiment result was analyzed using Design Expert software. It was found that the optimum parameters for the minimum surface roughness and delamination were spindle speed at 2000 rpm, feed rate at 300 mm/min, and depth of cut at 2.0 mm. The spindle speed and feed rate are the main factors influence the effect of surface roughness and delamination in kenaf fiber reinforced plastic. High spindle speed and low feed rate resulted in minimum surface roughness and delamination.
  • Publication
    Effect of Different Cutting Conditions on Tool Wear and Chip Formation in Drilling of Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum
    ( 2021-01-01) ;
    Zulkefli N.A.
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    Saravanan R.
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    Zakaria S.
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    Cobalt-Chromium Molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy is categorized under hard to cut material due to its unique combination characteristics such as high strength and low thermal conductivity. However, there was a problem during machining hard alloy material which is rapid tool wear. The tool wear will cause changes at tooltip geometry consequently has significant influence on the chip forming. There are some factors that influence tool wear which are cutting parameters, type of drill bit, and cutting fluids. In this study, a series of experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of cooling conditions on tool wear and chip formation during drilling this material. The cooling conditions used were dry, pure Karanja oil (MQL condition), and combination of Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles with Karanja oil (MQL condition). The experiment was conducted under constant cutting speed of 20 m/min, and feed rate of 0.07 mm/rev through holes. Each hole was inspected when the tool wear reached 0.3 mm. The result showed that mixed of hBN with Karanja Oil (MQL condition) had lowest growth of flank wear and produced more holes compared to dry and pure Karanja oil condition. In addition, for chip formation, the size of lamellae produced was finest compared to other conditions.
  • Publication
    Performance analysis of a modified reduce component count multilevel inverter
    Reducing component in circuitry is desirable in many innovations. In multilevel inverter (MLI) perspective, the increasing of switching devices for a higher-level output will significantly increase power losses, thus affected the output harmonic distortion. In this paper, an extended and simplified three-phase reduce component count multilevel inverter (RCCMLI) structure adapted from S. S. Lee, Cascaded Compact-Module Multilevel Inverter (CCM-MLI) is demonstrated and analysed. Symmetrical reduce component structure with H-bridge inverter is considered in this work. For simplification purpose, the current path conduction for reverse current is not demonstrated in this paper. A simulation-based result is presented to observe the performance of RCCMLI with regards to its output voltage harmonic content. Related predetermined parameter values are included in this report. Particularly, this paper verified the aforementioned RCCMLI, but in higher level and three-phase application, which will further improve the pseudo-sinusoidal inverter output as it eliminates the triplens harmonic component compare to single-phase environment. As for the lower order odd harmonics elimination, computational algorithm namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been implemented in the RCCMLI control strategy. In comparison to the traditional Cascaded H bridge (CHB), this work finds that employing the switching angle optimization in the proposed RCCMLI produce comparable improvement in minimizing the output voltage harmonic and able to bring the output quality closer to comply with IEEE 519 distortion limit with fewer components and compact size inverter.
  • Publication
    Nature Driven IOT Based Automation of Aquaponic System
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Zakaria S.
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    Jafri M.A.A.A.
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    Ariff E.A.R.
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    Automation of Aquaponic with (Internet of Things) IoT system model is designed with the integration of hydroponics (growing plant or vegetable without soil), aquaculture (fish farming) and vertical farming. The main purpose of the designed model is to ultimately support the survival and healthy growth of bacteria in plants, fish as well as saving water by increasing the productivity. The development of the system with IoT to monitor and control parameters such as water level, water temperature and water pH. The control system based on Arduino Uno, multiple sensors for water pH, water level and water temperature as well as automatic feeder dispenser are used in this project. This system is using IoT as a platform supported by Wi-Fi module ESP8266 Wi-Fi module in Blynk Software. System settings and controls can be carried out manually on the main control unit or remotely through mobile phone commands. This system also used to collect different data parameters and those data will be compared with the optimal range as the data will be transferred to Blynk for analysis. Therefore, the design system can operate independently without manually monitoring and utilized IoT to control and monitor the system systematically.
  • Publication
    Grid connected microgrid with power offset synchronization using c2000 processor
    Droop based technique are common in inverter based microgrid implementation since no communication lines are required. However, the technique gives poor and non-flexible PQ power sharing performances. The proposed microgrid structure implements a microgrid central controller which communicates with the inverters using a low bandwidth communication to provide PQ power references. This paper presents the implementation of the proposed microgrid control, communication and synchronization using c2000 processor in Matlab Simulink.