Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
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Preferred name
Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
Official Name
Muhammad Salihin , Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Muhammad Salihin
Zakaria, M. S.B.
Zakaria, M. S.
Salihin, M. Z.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56479320900
Researcher ID
HTN-7486-2023

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  • Publication
    The effect of various nanoclay surface modifications on the thermal and mechanical properties of amorphous polyamide nanocomposites
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Kennedy J.E.
    ;
    Farrell J.B.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    The addition of nanoclay within polymer matrix is anticipate to enhance the properties of the polymer system. Nonetheless, one of the key elements in property enhancements of a polymer nanocomposites is the surface modifications of the nanoclay. This is due to the affinity between polymer matrix and nanoclay is of important factors should be considered. In this study, amorphous polyamide was melt blended with different nanoclay grades with different surface modifications in order to evaluate the best clay grade for the polymer system. The thermal analysis carried out on the amorphous polyamide nanocomposites were carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) whereas the mechanical properties were investigated using tensile testing. It was observed that there were changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites due to clay additions. Further, the storage modulus was found to increase as a result of nanoclay incorporation. The type of clay grades significantly affects the mechanical properties of the amorphous polyamide nanocomposites.
  • Publication
    Influence of sodium chloride on recycled HDPE in superhydrophobic surface development
    ( 2024-12)
    Thor Keat Seng
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Razif Muhammed Nordin
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Nur Farhana Hayazi
    ;
    Lokman Hakim Ibrahim
    Inspired by lotus leaf, superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged rapidly in recent years. It is due to its excellence ability in self-cleaning and corrosion protection, to name a few. In this research, a green superhydrophobic surface was constructed on the surface of recycled High-Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) by utilizing Sodium chloride (NaCl) as a water-soluble surface modifying agent. The treatment process is simple,and cost-efficient as it only used rHDPE and NaCl as the main materials with additional chemicals and at the same time leave no impact on the environment. Variation of NaCl grinding period influenced the value of CA by which 240 minutes grinded NaCl displayed highest CA of 161.4°. This may be attributed by the increase of surface roughness as the grinding time increase. Furthermore, the surface morphology, topography, and self-cleaning ability of superhydrophobic surafce were analyzed to further understand the surface characteristics. The anti-sticking and self-cleaning properties were successfully displayed by the superhydrophobic surface thus, showing its potential as an eco-friendly material.
  • Publication
    The effect of twin screw compounding parameters on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf/sea shell hybrid polymer composite using DOE approach
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Ching N.T.
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Osman
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    Pineapple leaf and sea shell were used as natural fillers in this research due to its biodegradable nature, wide availability, continuous resources and low cost. This research work was carried out to investigate the effect of compounding process using twin screw extruder on the tensile performance of pineapple leaf / sea shell polymer composite using Design of Experiment (DOE) approach. A total of nine runs of were formulated and the resulitng hybrid composites were compounded using twin screw extruder. The short term tensile test was carried out to determine the tensile properties and the data were sunsequently analyse using DOE software. Pareto chart of the standardized effect and the main effect plot were employed to investigate the relationship between processing parameters and the tensile performance of the hybrid composite systems. Based on the initial DOE analysis, it is shown that compounding parameters had influenced the final mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites.
  • Publication
    Network Structure and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Electronic Interconnects based on Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) Conductive Polymer Composites
    ( 2024-03-01)
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Badrul F.
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Osman
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Suhaimi A.S.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) with the ability to maintain high conductivity whilst remaining flexible at various operating temperatures and conditions have gained interest as potential materials for electronic interconnect applications. The ability of a polymer matrix to conduct electricity is mainly dependent on the conductive filler loadings as well as the formation of network paths within the CPCs. The main aim of this research work was to establish and understand the correlation between the network structure formation and mechanical properties of linear low-density polyethylene/copper (LLDPE/Cu) and liquid silicone rubber/copper (LSR/Cu) CPCs. Various techniques such as electron microscopy, thermal studies, four-point probe, and tensile testing were employed in this study. Furthermore, selected samples were characterized and tested using synchrotron micro-x-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the electrical conductivity of the CPCs increased with increasing filler loadings. Addition of Cu filler had a marginal effect on the tensile strength of both LLDPE/Cu and LSR/Cu CPCs. Nevertheless, it was found that the elongation at break for LLDPE/Cu consistently increased with the addition of Cu whereas, for LSR/Cu samples, the elongation at break decreased with the addition of Cu at various loadings. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs obtained show that the particles of Cu were closer to one another at higher filler loadings. The data obtained revealed the potential for utilizing CPCs as flexible interconnects suitable for advanced electronic applications.
      1
  • Publication
    Sugarcane Bagasse Reinforced Polyester Composites: Effects of Fiber Surface Treatment and Fiber Loading on the Tensile and Flexural Properties
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Luqman Musa
    ;
    Nordin R.M.
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    The effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber loading on the tensile and flexural properties of untreated and treated fiber-based sugarcane bagasse reinforced polyester (SBRP) composites have been investigated. Sugarcane bagasse fibers were alkalized with 1, 3 and 5% concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution combined with different fiber loading formulation 0, 20, 30 and 40 php, and hot-pressed to form natural fibers composite were prepared. The results indicated that the incorporation of bagasse fiber composites alkalized with 3% NaOH solution improved the tensile strength and modulus of reinforced composites meanwhile the untreated bagasse gave the lowest value. However, the elongation at break (Eb) indicated that treated bagasse fiber composites show a lower value compared to untreated composites. A similar trend also obtained for flexural strength and modulus.
      9  1
  • Publication
    Short review: biowaste as a source of silica and Its application as a filler to fabricate the superhydrophobic silica-based coating
    ( 2024-03)
    Nur Fatihah Mohd Fadzil
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Nur Farhana Hayazi
    ;
    Lokman Hakim Ibrahim
    ;
    Razif Muhammed Nordin
    Silica (SiO2) plays a major key ingredient in producing products such as toothpaste, ceramics, and paints, to name a few, as it acts as a stabilizing agent, filler and additive. Due to its excellent properties, the use of high-purity SiO2 in industrial applications is favourable. Unfortunately, high-purity SiO2 is expensive. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) is an example of a SiO2 precursor that is costly and harmful, yet frequently employed. This paper provides a short review of the advantages of biowaste materials as SiO2 precursors and their role as fillers in the fabrication of superhydrophobic coating. Researchers nowadays are attempting to lower the expense of employing high-purity SiO2 by extracting silica from biowaste using many methods such as acid leaching and alkali treatment as this option is highly sustainable. The growth of agricultural industries is exponential due to the increase in biowaste production. Therefore, this is one of the ways to utilize the use of biowaste in combatting the environmental issues regarding excess biowaste and receding pure resources. SiO2 from biowaste also can be utilized as filler and used to develop superhydrophobic coating, providing numerous potential applications.
      8  1
  • Publication
    The Effects of Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR-50) on Cure Characteristics and Tensile Properties of Recycled Natural Rubber Catheter Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Vulcanizates
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Nordin R.M.
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Hanafi H.
    The effect of epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-50) on cure characteristics and tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus at 100% elongation and elongation at break) of recycled natural rubber catheter filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) vulcanizates were studied. The scorch time, t2 of EPDM/NRr blends with and without ENR-50 increased as NRr content increased while the cure time, t90 is decreased. However, with the presence of ENR-50 in EPDM/NRr blends, the t2 was longer and t90 was shorter than the uncompatibilized EPDM/NRr blends. The minimum torque, ML, of EPDM/NRr blend with and without ENR-50 relatively increased while maximum torque, MH, decreased with increasing NRr content. With the presence of ENR-50, the compatibilized EPDM/NRr blends exhibit a lower value of ML and MH compared with uncompatibilized blends. The incorporation of ENR-50 in EPDM/NRr blends enhanced the tensile strength and tensile modulus of compatibilized EPDM/NRr blends compared to uncompatibilized EPDM/NRr blends. The elongation at break (Eb) of compatibilized EPDM/NRr blends is lower than the uncompatibilized EPDM/NRr blends at all blend ratios. This indicated that ENR 50 improved the curing characteristics and tensile properties of the compound.
      17  2
  • Publication
    Preliminary investigation on the correlation between mechanical properties and conductivity of low-density polyethylene/carbon black (LDPE/CB) conductive polymer composite (CPC)
    ( 2022-01-24)
    Farah Badrul
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Salleh M.A.A.M.
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Zakaria
    ;
    Muhamad N.A.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    The insulating nature of a polymer can be changed to electrically conductive by incorporating conductive fillers within the polymer matrix to form a conductive polymer composite (CPC). One of the potential application of CPCs are in the area of flexible electronic interconnect application. Nevertheless, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of CPCs such as tensile was found to be limited. Therefore, this paper is aimed to report the preliminary investigation on the correlation between conductivity and mechanical properties of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) incorporation with conductive filler which is carbon black (CB. It was observed that the tensile strength was decreased by up to 29.4% and the elongation of break was decreased by up to 90.6% at higher CB loading compared to pure LDPE. Nonetheless, the modulus of elasticity and the electrical conductivity of the composites were increased by up to 150.5% and 16.4% at higher CB loading respectively. Moreover, it was found that the effect of CB additions on the tensile modulus was greater compared to the conductivity of the CPCs.
      1  6
  • Publication
    The Influence of Compounding Parameters on the Electrical Conductivity of LDPE/Cu Conductive Polymer Composites (CPCs)
    ( 2021-11-12)
    Farah Badrul
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Osman
    ;
    Nor Asiah Muhamad
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Nurul Afiqah Saad
    ;
    Syatirah Mohd Noor
    Low-linear density (LDPE) and copper (Cu) were used as main polymer matrix and conductive filler in order to produce electrically conductive polymer composites (CPC). The selection of the matrix and conductive filler were based on their due to its excellence properties, resistance to corrosion, low cost and electrically conductive. This research works is aimed to establish the effect of compounding parameter on the electrical conductivity of LDPE/Cu composites utilising the design of experiments (DOE). The CPCs was compounded using an internal mixer where all formulations were designed by statistical software. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the Cu conductive filler had a flake-like shape, and the electrical conductivity was found to be increased with increasing filler loading as measured using the four-point probe technique. The conductivity data obtained were then analysed by using the statistical software to establish the relationship between the compounding parameters and electrical conductivity where it was found based that the compounding parameters have had an effect on the conductivity of the CPC.
      4