Muhammad Faiq Abdullah.
Thumbnail Image
Preferred name
Muhammad Faiq Abdullah.
Official Name
Muhammad Faiq, Abdullah
Alternative Name
Abdullah, Muhammad Faiq bin
Abdullah, Muhammad Faiq
Faiq, A. M.
Abdullah, M. F.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
55550154100
Researcher ID
P-2035-2018

Research Output

Filters

5 1
5
Reset filters

Settings
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Publication
    An alkaline deep eutectic solvent based on potassium carbonate and glycerol as pretreatment for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from empty fruit bunch
    ( 2020-02-01)
    Gan P.G.
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Muhammad Faiq Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) using sulphuric acid hydrolysis preceded by alkaline deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment and bleaching. In this study, an alkaline DES consisting of potassium carbonate and glycerol (molar ratio of 1:7) was used as the pretreatment solvent to promote the dissolution of lignin and hemicellulose. The processing parameters of acid hydrolysis were optimized using Box-Behnken Design. The results showed that the yield of CNC was 37.1%, under the optimal conditions of 60.0 wt% acid concentration at 46.1 °C for 58.5 min. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), chemical composition analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that unwanted impurities, such as hemicellulose and lignin, were efficiently eliminated from the raw EFB fibers by DES pretreatment and bleaching. The average diameter of CNC was less than 10 nm. The raw EFB fiber, treated cellulose, and CNC showed crystallinities of 38.7%, 51.2%, and 65.3%, respectively. The CNC had lower thermal stability, which was ascribed to the sulphate group present on the CNC surface.
      1
  • Publication
    Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from rice husks using natural deep eutectic solvent
    ( 2024-07)
    Nur Ain Natasya Ramli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub
    ;
    Muhammad Faiq Abdullah
    Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are highly crystalline, rod-shaped nanoparticles derived from cellulose, commonly found in biomass such as rice husks. Rice husks, an agricultural waste rich in cellulose, can be utilized for CNC production. In this study, CNCs were isolated from rice husks using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), an environmentally friendly solvent. The objective was to examine the effects of temperature and reaction time on CNC solubility during dissolution with NADES. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method revealed that the optimal conditions were at temperature of 120°C and a reaction time of 8 hours. Morphological analysis using microscopy showed that raw rice husks had a rough, solid, brown appearance, while alkaline-treated rice husks appeared smoother and more porous. Bleached rice husks exhibited a very smooth, white, and fluffy appearance, and CNCs appeared as transparent solids. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of β-glycosidic linkages in all three samples (CNCs, alkaline-treated, and bleached rice husks), suggesting that the cellulose structure remained intact during pretreatment. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, confirming that raw, alkaline-treated, and bleached rice husks, as well as CNCs isolated from rice husks, exhibited antibacterial properties against both gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis). This study successfully isolated CNCs from rice husks using NADES, demonstrating the potential for further improvements to enhance production efficiency.
      1  21
  • Publication
    Physial properties of nanocellulose extracted from empty fruit bunch
    ( 2020-12-29)
    Abdul Haqi Ibrahim
    ;
    Muhammad Faiq Abdullah
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    The high content of cellulose in lignocellulosic waste can be further utilized to produce nanocellulose (NCC). Conventional method of dissolving lignocellulosic waste in acid solvent is detrimental to the environment. Thus, a new method for utililizing lignocellulosic waste using environmental friendly solvent should be developed. NCC can be produced by dissolution of palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) in green solvent, natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). In this study, palm oil EFB was used to produce NCC by dissolving in NADES and analysed for its characterization. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to evaluate the NCC’s morphology and dimension. Under AFM analysis, the average height of NCC produced was 15.574±3.658 nm while the obtained diameter is 53.179±24.237 nm. Using TEM analysis, the NCC produced was a needle-like particles with average diameter of 17.842 ± 2.859 nm, while the length is 185.486 ± 91.776 nm. Based on TGA results, NCC produced has a thermal stability at 224 °C. From the results obtained, the dissolution of cellulose in NADES is able to produce nanocellulose with similar properties as nanocellulose produced using conventional method.
      3  29
  • Publication
    Thermal properties of nanocellulose-reinforced composites: A review
    ( 2020-03-15)
    Gan P.G.
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Muhammad Faiq Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    Nanocellulose has received increasing attention in science and industry in recent years as a nanoscale material for the reinforcement of polymer matrix composites due to its superior mechanical properties, renewability, and biodegradability. New nanocellulose sources, modifications, and treatments are under development to reduce the high energy required during production and to create a more suitable industrial-scale production process. Thus, this paper reviews plant-based nanocellulose composites and their properties, with a focus on their thermal-related characteristics. The purpose of this review is to establish for readers the impact of the incorporation of nanocellulose on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of nanocellulose composites. Understanding of the thermal properties is important for researchers to assess the suitability of the nanocomposites for a variety of applications in response to new and evolving societal requirements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48544.
      4  25
  • Publication
    Comparative study on the properties of cross-linked cellulose nanocrystals/chitosan film composites with conventional heating and microwave curing
    ( 2020-12-20)
    Gan P.G.
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Muhammad Faiq Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Tan W.K.
    Cross-linking of chitosan film composites was carried out by using conventional heating and microwave curing methods in this study. Non-cross-linked and glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked neat chitosan and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/chitosan film composites were cured by either conventional oven heating or microwave irradiation. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of chitosan composites were enhanced significantly by the addition of CNC and GA especially for the microwave-cured samples. The changes in chemical interaction of the chitosan film composites was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The microwave-cured GA-cross-linked chitosan film composites were more thermally stable than non-cross-linked and conventionally heated GA-cross-linked chitosan film composites due to the formation of a more stable structure between GA and chitosan. Nevertheless, the reduced antimicrobial efficacy of film composites against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was observed in cross-linked film composites compared with non-cross-linked composites.
      5  26