Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Publication
    Failure envelope modelling of glass/epoxy composite pipes using system identification method
    The paper aims to model the performance of the Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) composite pipe under multiaxial loading via system identification approach. System identification modelling depends on the input and output data of the experimental result. In this study, the experimental data used are obtained from a pressurised test rig. The model is based on pure hydrostatic (2H: 1A) loading using GRE pipes with three different winding angles (±45°, ±55°, ±63°). Several models based on different model structures are derived for comparison to obtain the best modelling accuracy. The result shows that the transfer function method could model and has the highest efficiency compared with the experimental result. The ±45°pipe model have achieved 92.41% and 85.13% for both its hoop and axial model. The ±55°pipe model has achieved 96.64% and 86.1%. Follow by the ±63°which the best fit is 92.41% and 94.26%. At the last part of this research, the ±55°pipe model and experimental data has been use to identified when the damage occur and found that the axial strain of 78 bar can damage the experimental pipe in this research.
  • Publication
    Failure prediction of ±55° glass/epoxy composite pipes using system identification modelling
    Black-box modelling using system identification method to predict the performance of glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GRE) composite pipe under multiaxial loading stress ratio is presented. In this study, both linear and nonlinear models were derived namely; linear time-invariant parametric model and artificial neural network model. The models derived are to approximate the pure hydrostatic loading performance using GRE pipes with winding angles of ±55°. Three different linear model structures were derived, and the best fit model achieved at 96.64% of best fit. On the other hand, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modelling showed better accuracy with the best fit of 99.82%. Finally, the point of failure at which first damage takes place predicted by the models derived was validated using experimental data.
  • Publication
    Determination of effective elastic properties of metal matrix composites with damage particulates using homogenization method
    The present study aims to investigate the effect of micro-damage in particulates metal matrix composite on the elastic properties. The micro damage that perhaps could occurs during manufacturing process or due to environmental effects was modelled in three different types, namely shattered, debonded and breakage particulates with variation of volume fraction. The modelling and analysis were conducted based on homogenization theory by utilizing multiscale finite element software (Voxelxon). The results suggest that the elastic properties of metal matrix composite was sensitive to the geometrical defects of its particle.
  • Publication
    Design and analysis of exhaust manifold for a single-cylinder internal combustion engine (ICE)
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Aziz N.A.
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    Rahman M.T.A.
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    Amin N.A.M.
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    ; ;
    Nasir N.F.M.
    ;
    Rahman Y.M.N.
    An efficient exhaust system is vital to maximising the performance of an internal combustion engine (ICE), hence improving overall vehicle performance. To have an efficient exhaust system, the amount of exhaust backpressure is to be minimised. To decrease the backpressure effects in the exhaust system, the exhaust has to be redesigned according to the certain bending radius, length of straight pipe and bending angle and pipe diameter. This paper presents design and analysis of the exhaust system used in Shell Eco-Marathon 2019 competition. In this project, the exhaust manifold was redesigned according to the specification of the chassis, the exhaust outlet in the engine and the rules and regulations of the competition. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was employed to identify the optimum exhaust system design with minimum pressure loss. Among the tested models, the exhaust manifold with 100 mm length, 30° bending angle, 34 mm diameter, and 40 mm bending radius was the optimised design that resulted in the lowest pressure loss of 12.24 kPa. This study shows that a small bending angle with a short straight pipe has led to a smoother exhaust flow and even exhaust velocity across the model.
  • Publication
    Optimising a packed bed phase change material of spheres using effectiveness-number of transfer unit method
    ( 2022-05-01)
    Aziz N.A.
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    ; ;
    Bruno F.
    ;
    Belusko M.
    This paper presents the parametric studies conducted on a packed-bed phase change material (PCM) encapsulated in spheres using the effectiveness-number of transfer units (ɛ-NTU) method for optimisation purposes. In order to maximise the energy storage effectiveness within a packed-bed PCM system, the numerical study on the impact of different parameters was implemented by varying the length (L) and radius (R) of the TES tank, number of spheres (n1) in the tank, and sphere diameter (r3) while maintaining the compactness factor (γ) within the range of 0.3442 ± 0.02 m. The modified charging efficiency (ε*) of the PCM and the modified energy storage effectiveness (α*) of the tested configurations were calculated and compared. As a result, the ‘optimum design’ of the tank yielding the maximum energy storage effectiveness was identified at the optimum length and radius of 1.42 and 0.475 m, respectively, filled with 4098 PCM spheres. The study found that a low L/R value resulted in higher phase-change effectiveness, and the storage effectiveness was maximised at an optimum sphere diameter of 0.03475 m. The investigation led to the conclusion that by concurrently modifying L, R, and n1 during the charging process was advantageous in increasing the heat transfer surface area using small balls, reducing the mass flow rates, and utilising spheres with small diameters.
  • Publication
    Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre-based natural rubber composites
    ( 2024-05-01)
    Yi Xuan Y.
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    ; ;
    Rahman M.T.A.
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    Yudhanto F.
    ;
    Khasri A.
    ;
    Ismail M.S.
    Replacing synthetic fibres with natural fibres as reinforcement fillers in natural rubber (NR) tends to yield eco-friendly bio-composites. This study investigated the tensile and hardness properties, and the thermal behaviour of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF)-reinforced NR composites with and without the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The fibre content was varied at 0, 10, 20, and 30 parts per hundred rubber (phr) and the MWCNT content was fixed at 10 phr. The surface morphology of the tensile-fractured specimens was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the rubber-matrix adhesion and tear mechanisms of the fibres in the NR matrix. The results revealed that including the PALF and MWCNT allowed the NR composites to exhibit excellent stretching stress at low elongations. Additionally, the composites displayed enhanced stiffness, further increasing the hardness of the composite, ranging from 46.8 to 62.8 Shore A. However, PALF reduces the thermal stability of the composite, where the initial degradation temperature increases. From the thermogravimetric analysis, the residues remaining in the NR composites ranged from 6 to 13% at various fibre loadings. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into the tensile and hardness properties and the thermal behaviour of PALF-reinforced NR composites to improve end-use properties.
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  • Publication
    Tensile properties of interwoven hemp/PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) epoxy hybrid composites
    This paper describes the experimental investigation of the tensile properties of interwoven Hemp/PET hybrid composites. The effect of hybridization of hemp (warp) with PET fibres (weft) on tensile properties was of interest. Hemp and PET fibres were selected as the reinforcing material while epoxy resin was chosen as the matrix. The interwoven Hemp/PET fabric was used to produce hybrid composite using a vacuum infusion process. The tensile test was conducted using Universal Testing Machine in accordance to the ASTM D638. The tensile properties of the interwoven Hemp/PET hybrid composite were then compared with the neat woven hemp/epoxy composite. The results show that the strength of hemp/PET with the warp direction was increased by 8% compared to the neat woven hemp composite. This enhancement of tensile strength was due to the improved interlocking structure of interwoven Hemp/PET hybrid fabric.
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