Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
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Preferred name
Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
Official Name
Ragunathan, Al Santiagoo
Alternative Name
Ragunathan, Santiagoo
Ragunathan, S.
Santiagoo, R.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
36619090500
Researcher ID
AGS-2453-2022

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  • Publication
    Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Blended PVOH/Kenaf Reinforced Starch Composite for Future Packaging Application
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah W.
    ;
    Tan W.H.
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Othman N.S.
    The mechanical and morphological properties of PVOH/kenaf fibre thin film was studied. The additive used on this research was tapioca starch. Thin films were fabricated using method of solution casting. The thin films composites with different kenaf fibre loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 wt%) were mixed at a temperature of 80 Â°C with water bath for 1 h and casted on petri dish and let them oven dried at 50 Â°C for 24 h. The purpose of the current research was to determine the mechanical and morphological properties of PVOH/KF thin film composites with and without addition of starch. The results of this investigation show that the thin film with addition of 5 wt% of tapioca starch has better tensile strength, which is 35.15 MPa, compare to without tapioca starch, which is 29 MPa. The second major finding was that the morphological observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals improvement of adhesion between kenaf fibre with PVOH matric as addition of tapioca starch.
  • Publication
    Development of smart GPS-based nurse following robot
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Yi T.P.
    Hospital nurses regularly bring their medicines and healthcare items to the patients using trolley. They need to push or pull the cart to the patient's beds, and then, need to bring it back to the original position many times daily. It can be tiresome for nurses because in a day, they need to treat many patients in the hospital. Thus, many devices have been invented to assist the nurses in their daily work routines. This research is focusing on developing a nurse following mobile robot that follows and carries medical items. The mobile robot is integrated with microcontroller, Global Positioning System (GPS) module, digital compass module and Bluetooth module. To use the robot, the nurse firstly needs to connect her smartphone to the robot through Bluetooth connection. Once the connection is established, the robot will start to follow the nurse. The robot can carry a maximum load of 5 kg and uses two direct current geared motors and a caster wheel to move.
  • Publication
    Compatibilizers Effect on Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber with Polypropylene and Sugarcane Bagasse Composite for Mechanical Properties
    ( 2023-10-16)
    Zainal M.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Razi Ahmad
    ;
    Mohammed S.A.
    ;
    Abdul Ghapar Ahmad
    ;
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    Compatibilizers effect on recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr) with polypropylene (PP) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) composite for mechanical properties is evaluated. Trans-Polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) and Bisphenol a Diglycidyl Ether (DGEBA) are used as compatibilizers in this study. Three (3) different composites (80/20/15, 60/40/15, and 40/60/15), with fixed filler (15 phr) and compatibilizers (10 phr) content, were carried out. These composites were arranged via melt mixing technique utilizing a heated two-roll mill at a temperature of 180 C for 9 minutes employing a 15-rpm rotor speed. Tensile and morphological properties were evaluated. The result shown average tensile strength dropped by 48.50% as the recycle NBR content rises 20 phr. Nevertheless, subsequent compatibilization reveals that the compositesâ tensile properties were all greater than control composites. The morphology discovered validates the tensile properties, indicating a stronger interaction between the PP/SCB and recycle NBR composites with the addition of compatibilizer DGEBA.
  • Publication
    Characterization and Properties of PP/NBRv/Kenaf Fibre Composites with Silane Treatment
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah W.
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Tan W.H.
    ;
    Othman N.S.
    The effect of kenaf fibre content and the silane treatment of PP/NBRv/kenaf composites were studied and fabricated via melt mixing at 180 ËšC for 9 min using 15 rpm motor speed. By using silane as a coupling agent for PP/NBRv/kenaf fibre composite, the mechanical and morphological properties have been improved compared to PP/NBRv/kenaf fibre composite without silane treatment. The composites were examined by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) for tensile testing and Scanning Electron Microspcope (SEM) for morphological study. The tensile strentgh of PP/NBRv/kenaf with and without silane treatment decreased with increasing amount of kenaf filler content but increased in the Young’s Modulus. However, composites with silane treatment indicated better strength values than the composites without silane treatment. The morphology observations of composites have supported the tensile properties which indicated better interaction between the filler and matrix for treated composites.
  • Publication
    Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers through Wearable Shoe Design
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Razi Ahmad
    ;
    Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Abdul Ghapar Ahmad
    ;
    Palaniappan R.
    Diabetes Mellitus is categorized as a chronic metabolic disease where blood glucose levels are abnormal. Diabetic foot ulcer is a complication often associated with this disease. Diabetes foot ulcer is also commonly known as diabetes foot pain. It is a type of foot damage medical condition that progresses from diabetes mellitus. According to scientific data, almost 15% of diabetes patients may develop diabetes foot ulcer in their lifetime [1]. A foot ulcer is an open wound that commonly found under the feet, it can be a shallow open wound on the surface of the skin (less severe) or it can be a deep wound which exposes bones, tendons and joints [2]. However, if early prevention is carried out, diabetes patients might be able to avoid problems from diabetes foot ulcer. Thus, in this study, a wearable shoe prototype for early detection of foot ulcers is proposed to be used in home. The developed device will be associated with temperature sensor, vibration motor and pressure sensor. This device enables diabetes patients to carry out evaluation on their foot in daily life. With this device, early symptoms of foot ulcer can be detected and the seriousness of foot ulcer can be monitored.
  • Publication
    Effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber in polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene/rice husk powder composites
    ( 2014)
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Azlinda Abdul Ghani
    ;
    Kamarudin Hussin
    ;
    Hanafi Ismail
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Zuhayr Md Ghazaly
    Composites of polypropylene/Acylonitrile butadiene rubber/Rice husk powder/ (PP/NBRr/RHP) with and without trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) were prepared, and the effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber were investigated. By using rice husk powder of 150300μm, five different compositions of PP/NBRr/RHP composites (i.e.100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 40/60 phr) were prepared in an internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The results indicate that the incorporation of TOR improved the tensile properties of PP/NBRr/RHPcomposites. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces proved that TOR promoted good adhesion between the PP-NBRr matrices and RHP.
  • Publication
    Investigation on effect of gas concentration in distinguishing conventional plastic and bioplastic for plastic recycling
    ( 2022-12)
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Razi Ahmad
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Abdul Ghapar Ahmad
    ;
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Mustaffa Zainal
    Distinguishing type of plastic was important for the recycling process. In this project, the effect on gas concentration released from composite was studied to distinguish between conventional plastic and bioplastic. This project involved the fabrication of a composite from polypropylene (PP), empty fruit bunches (EFB), and recycle acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr), with PP used as a conventional plastic and PP/NBRr/EFB used as a bioplastic. Trans-polyctylene (TOR) was used as a compatibilizer to evaluate the effect on the PP/NBRr/EFB. Tensile testing and SEM were conducted to study the mechanical properties and morphological properties on the PP/NBRr/EFB and the PP/NBRr/EFB/TOR composite. The gas sensor (MQ135) was used in this study to detect the presence of NH3 and CO2 released from heating conventional plastic and bioplastic. From the overall result, composite with TOR as compatibilizer has shown better performance than composite without TOR in mechanical, morphological and gas sensor testing. By using MATLAB software, it shows that from gas sensor testing, it can be verified to distinguish between conventional plastic and bioplastics for plastic recycling. The average classification obtained from the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) was 99.29 % accurate.
  • Publication
    The use of media filters in treatment of runoff pollution
    ( 2021-02-23)
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Salwa Mohd Zaini Makhtar
    The study will examine the ability of recycled aggregates and sand to classify wastewater in a manner that decreases the level of environmental pollution. The sample was taken from Kg Wang Ulu, Perlis agricultural district, Jejawi, Perlis industrial area and Taman Desa Katong, Perlis residential area. Water quality research has been investigated to find the characteristics of effluent such as suspended solids, BOD, COD and TSS. Three rainfall intensity values, of 5 LPM as low rainfall, 12.5 LPM as mean precipitation intensity, and 22.5 LPM as high-cut rainfall consisted of recycled aggregate and high-absorptive sand as drainage beds, were included in this operating system. Experimental findings indicate that the recycling of aggregates and sand filters has a positive effect on water in industrial and residential areas. It shows that the use of recycled aggregates as a drainage bed can increase the permeability of the region by reducing erosion, preventing flooding and promoting natural infiltration.
  • Publication
    Smart SMS- based appointment management system for hospitals in rural area
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Asri A.A.A.
    Nowadays, many hospitals are seeking for smart managing their operations. Based on the discussion with a local private hospital in Penang, Malaysia, there are problems in managing the appointments of dialysis patients. The dialysis center staffs currently having manual management system, where the staffs will call the patients one by one to find out whether they are available to fill the empty slots for the dialysis for the day. It is indeed troublesome for the staffs and the patients. Patients at times are not ready for filling the slots even though they wanted the dialysis, may be due to last minute arrangement for timing and transports. Thus, there is a need to have a system which can manage the appointments for dialysis patients. The purpose of the research is to automate the existing manual appointment system by the help of computerized devices, and to develop a dialysis appointment management system which is user-friendly, simple, fast and cost - effective. The main function of the system is to make an appointment and to store patient details, which will be an easier retrieval for the attendants. The system will identify the empty slots available, and will contact the patients to check the availability. Based on the input from the patients through Short Messaging System (SMS), the appointment will be sorted. The administrators can login to the Smart Appointment Management System using an authorized username and password for viewing and making changes manually.
  • Publication
    Evaluate the Performance of Regular and Irregular Shape of Building Based on Dynamic Analysis
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Nik Zainab Nik Azizan
    ;
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Faridah Wahab
    ;
    Allan Melvin Andrew
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Amirah A.S.N.
    In this paper, the main objective is to develop incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) curve of the regular and irregular shape of the building based on concrete material and ground motions. The regular shape was rectangle shape whereas irregular shape is L-shape. 7 sets of ground motions were used in this research for regular and irregular shape of the building. The structural components of the building were designed based on Eurocode 2 with the aid Eurocode 8 for earthquake loading. Wind load was applied to the building in x-direction and y-direction based on MS 1553. The SAP2000 was used as the main tool to carry out the analysis. The nonlinear dynamic analysis also called incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was carried out with 7 sets of ground motion records that fulfil the criteria such as the distance of earthquake event to the station is less than 15 km, the earthquake magnitude is equal to or greater than 5.5 M and the PGA is equal to or greater than 0.15 g. 7 sets of ground motion were converted to response spectrum and scaled according to soil type A to develop the elastic response spectrum. The drift limit of the building was determined. The inter-storey drift of regular and irregular building were determined to predict the damage of the building. Form the IDA results, it was proven that regular building performs better as compared to an irregular building.