Now showing 1 - 10 of 37
  • Publication
    Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis
    The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.
  • Publication
    Electrospinning parameters evaluation of PVDF-ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O composite nanofiber affect on porosity by using response surface methodology
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Rosman N.
    ;
    Wan Salleh W.N.
    ;
    ;
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Ismail N.H.
    ;
    Jaafar J.
    ;
    Harun Z.
    ;
    Ismail A.F.
    The electrospinning process is a very important technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers by applying external electrostatic forces. This study reports on the modeling of the electrospinning process of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the immobilized ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). The individual and interaction effects of the most effective variables, such as applied voltage (6.5, 8 and 9.5 kV), nozzle-collector distance (10, 12.5 and 15 cm) and ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O photocatalyst concentration (0.1, 0.8 and 1.5 g), have been evaluated on the porosity response of the nanofiber. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the spinning voltage was the main variable affecting the average porosity of the composite PVDF nanofiber. The regression coefficient between the variables and the mean porosity (R2= 0.8321) indicates acceptable evaluation of experimental data by quadratic polynomial regression.
  • Publication
    Parameters adjustments for facile synthesis of high magnetization iron oxide nanoparticles from natural sand
    ( 2024-02-01)
    Wahfiudin A.
    ;
    Pramata A.D.
    ;
    Wicaksono S.T.
    ;
    ; ; ; ;
    This study explores the synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) by leveraging natural iron sand and steel wool as primary raw materials within the co-precipitation method, which reduces the cost of production compared to the commercial counterparts. The research systematically investigated the influence of the diethylamine percentage, annealing time and annealing temperature on the SPIONs’ synthesis from natural iron sand by the co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 with varying crystallite sizes, ranging from 11.5 to 14.7 nm, were confirmed. SEM highlighted the nanoparticle agglomeration, a concern addressable through surface modification techniques, as further emphasized by TEM, which confirmed the nano-scale dimensions. Magnetic saturation values were confirmed by VSM, ranging from 37 to 51 emu/g. These values established the superparamagnetic behavior, rendering the nanoparticles suitable for versatile applications. The study identifies a potential threshold effect of the diethylamine concentration on the magnetic saturation and suggests an optimum annealing temperature for energy efficiency. This research contributes valuable insights into harnessing natural iron sand for SPION synthesis, advancing cost-effective and sustainable approaches in nanomaterial development, while emphasizing the importance of parameter customization for producing high-quality SPIONs.
  • Publication
    Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic green ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste sugarcane bagasse ash for oil/water separation
    ( 2020-01-01) ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Harun Z.
    ;
    Othman M.H.D.
    ;
    Yunos M.Z.
    ;
    Ismail A.F.
    ;
    Salleh W.N.W.
    Green ceramic hollow fiber membranes with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces (ss-CHFM/WSBA) were successfully fabricated via facile sol–gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) as precursors. In this work, silica solution was prepared using the modified Stöber method. This process was followed by dipping the pristine membranes into the sol–gel solution at various grafting times (0–90 min), grafting cycles (0–4 cycles), and calcination temperatures (400–600 °C). The wettability, surface morphology, and chemical composition of the pristine and ss-CHFM/WSBA membranes were investigated. The results showed that increasing the grafting time has increased the wettability of ss-CHFM/WSBA with high contact angle of up to 163.9°. Similarly, increasing grafting cycle has enhanced the hydrophobicity of ss-CHFM/WSBA due to the formation of hierarchical structure of grafting cycle which were more than one. The optimum calcination temperature for ss-CHFM/WSBA was identified. It was found that increasing the calcination temperature has degraded the sol template on the surface of ss-CHFM/WSBA, hence decreasing the wettability. The preliminary performance tests showed that ss-CHFM/WSBA grafted at 60 min, 3 cycles, and calcined at 400 °C showed excellent oil/water separation efficiency of 99.9% and oil flux of 137.2 L/m2h.
  • Publication
    Facial synthesis of colloidal stable magnetic nanoparticles coated with high hydrophilic negative charged poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid co‐maleic acid) sodium for water remediation
    (Wiley, 2023)
    Lim Chuan Chuan
    ;
    ; ; ; ; ;
    Sigit Tri Wicaksono
    ;
    Azzah Dyah Pramata
    ;
    Siti Zullaikah
    The enhancement of the colloidal stability of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) for environmental‐related fields has greatly attracted researchers' attention. This study used a high hydrophilic negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid co‐maleic acid) sodium (PSAAS), to enhance the colloidal stability of MNPs. Coating of the naked MNPs with PSAAS polyelectrolyte is a simple and rapid method to obtain colloidally stable MNPs while sustaining the chemical reactivity of MNPs in water purification. The prepared PSAAS‐coated MNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray, Fourier transform infrared, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the colloidal stability and adsorption performance tests of these naked MNPs and PSAAS‐coated MNPs (with different concentrations of PSAAS coated) were investigated and compared. PSAAS‐coated MNPs with 0.001 g/ml PSAAS coating possessed the best colloidal stability and the highest methylene blue (MB) dye removal efficiency (94.53 ± 0.69%). The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies for the adsorption of MB onto PSAAS‐coated MNPs were well‐described by the Langmuir model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. These magnetic adsorbents, with high separation efficiency, simple and low production cost and recyclable property, are promising as practicable adsorbents in water treatment.
  • Publication
    Polymer mixed membrane with microflower TiO₂ as additive for photocatalyst in organic compound
    (Elsevier, 2021)
    Raja Adibah Raja Ahmad
    ;
    Zawati Harun
    ;
    Faiz Hafeez Azhar
    ;
    Rosniza Hussin
    ;
    Mohamad Faiz Mohd Zin
    ;
    Norsuhailizah Sazali
    ;
    Syamsutajri Syamsul Bahri
    ;
    ;
    Nurasyikin Misdan
    ;
    Zakiah Kamdi
    ;
    Nur Hanis Hayati Hairom
    This study investigate the performance and physical properties of polymer mixed membrane integrated with the microflower of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) that synthesized at different temperature value. Microflower TiO₂ has been prepared by hydrothermal method with variation of synthesized temperature at 120 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C and the polymer flat sheet membranes were fabricated via phase inversion technique. In this present work, TiO₂was used as photocatalytic, antifouling and hydrophilicity improvement. Synthesized microflower TiO₂v ia hydrothermal method offer higher surface area that able to speed up any chemical reaction of TiO₂. Prior to the fabrication of polymer mixed matric membrane, the characterization of TiO₂ have been conducted to determine the optimum synthesize temperature. Then this was followed by the measurement of properties and performance of the polymer mixed matric membrane. Further observation on the self-cleaning test at different concentration of TiO₂ wt (%) of the membranes were conducted. The results obtained showed that membrane at temperature of 150 °C with 2.5% of TiO₂ wt (%) shows a better result than others with the highest rejection rate of 99.43% that probably due to small finger like structure. Meanwhile for self- cleaning test, membrane with synthesized temperature of 150 °C showed a better result than others with the highest of retention rate before and after being exposed to UV light which were 99.42% and 98.66% respectively. Humic acid flux recovery ratio (FRR) showed a better performance for membrane at synthesized temperature of 120°C that may relate to the effect of higher surface area that TiO₂ that able to attract more water. As conclusion, PSf/TiO₂ membrane at synthesized temperature of 150 °C with 2.5% of TiO₂ wt (%) shows an excellent result that possessed a strong hydrophilic property by lowering the fouling effect and give higher retention value.
  • Publication
    Influence of material properties on the fluid-structure interaction aspects during molded underfill process
    ( 2017)
    C.Y. Khor
    ;
    ;
    M.U. Rosli
    ;
    ;
    M.S Zakaria
    ;
    A.F.M. Yamin
    ;
    M.S. Abdul Aziz
    ;
    M.Z. Abdullah
    This paper presents the investigation of the effects of epoxy moulding compound’ (EMC) viscosity on the FSI aspects during moulded underfill process (MUF). Finite volume (FV) code and finite element (FE) code were connected online through the Mesh-based Parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI) method for fluid and structural analysis. The EMC flow behaviour was modelled by Castro-Macosko model, which was written in C language and incorporated into the FV analysis. Real-time predictions on the flow front, chip deformation and stress concentration were solved by FV- and FE-solver. Increase in EMC viscosity raises the deformation and stress imposed on IC and solder bump, which may induce unintended features on the IC structure. The current simulation is expected to provide the better understandings and clear visualization of FSI in the moulded underfill process.
      1  14
  • Publication
    The emergence of adsorptive membrane treatment for pollutants removal – A mini bibliometric analysis study
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Abd Aziz M.H.
    ;
    Owing to its toxic and cancer-causing consequences on living organisms, water pollution has garnered worldwide attention. As a result of the severe global drinking water shortages caused by the presence of several contaminants in water sources, a variety of treatment methods have been developed. Among accessible removal methods, adsorptive removal by adsorbents including metal–organic frameworks (MOF), metal oxide, carbon-based substances, and zeolite has garnered a great deal of interest because of their abundance of functional groups, relatively large surface area, great chemical and thermal resistance, and excellent adsorption efficiency. Due to their outstanding efficacy and proficiency in the water treatment process, adsorptive membranes are regarded as one of the most advantageous and promising solutions for wastewater reuse technologies. The combination of adsorption and membrane filtration processes, which are characterized by rapid adsorption–desorption volumes, relatively low diffusion impedance, and high flow rates, has garnered considerable interest in recent years. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was undertaken to utilize the Scopus database to find and appreciate the global current status of research on the adsorptive membranes process based on four principal analyses: growth patterns, keyword co-occurrence, topic area, and most cited references. Using the VOSviewer program, a total of 276 Scopus article records published between 1973 and 2021 were extracted and used as input for bibliometric analysis. Since 2016, there have been a large number of articles on adsorptive membranes, and by 2020 there will have been around 40 publications. On the basis of keywords, the principal topics of study in adsorptive membranes may be divided into three clusters: adsorption, membrane studies, and adsorption performance. These bibliometric data provide researchers and business professionals interested in the technology of adsorptive membranes with helpful resources and information on the current research directions of adsorptive membranes.
      1  16
  • Publication
    The effect of silica toward polymer membrane for water separation process
    The aim of this present work was to investigate the effect of different percentage rice husk silica (RHS) particles composition towards polymer mixed matrix membrane microstructure and performance in water separation process. The polymer membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method using polysulfone (PSf), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent, distilled water as non-solvent and fixed RHS at 400°C as an additive. The microstructures of PSf/PEG/RHS sample were characterized by performing scanning electron microscope (SEM). The performance was measured by using pure water flux and humic acid for the rejection test. The analyzed result of SEM analysis revealed that the addition of RHS obviously improved the microstructure of the membrane especially at the top and sub layer at the range of 1 until 3 wt. %. This was proven by the pure water flux (PWF) value measured from 114.47 LMH to 154.04 LMH and rejection from value 83% to 96% at this specified range substantially higher than the mixed matrix membrane with synthetic silica. In fact, the presence of RHS particles not only improved the properties and performance of membrane but also possess biodegradable properties which can minimize the pollution and provide a membrane green technology system.
      28  1
  • Publication
    Facial synthesis of colloidal stable magnetic nanoparticles coated with high hydrophilic negative charged poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid co-maleic acid) sodium for water remediation
    ( 2023-04-01)
    Lim C.C.
    ;
    ; ; ; ;
    Nasib A.M.
    ;
    Wicaksono S.T.
    ;
    Pramata A.D.
    ;
    Zullaikah S.
    The enhancement of the colloidal stability of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) for environmental-related fields has greatly attracted researchers' attention. This study used a high hydrophilic negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid co-maleic acid) sodium (PSAAS), to enhance the colloidal stability of MNPs. Coating of the naked MNPs with PSAAS polyelectrolyte is a simple and rapid method to obtain colloidally stable MNPs while sustaining the chemical reactivity of MNPs in water purification. The prepared PSAAS-coated MNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the colloidal stability and adsorption performance tests of these naked MNPs and PSAAS-coated MNPs (with different concentrations of PSAAS coated) were investigated and compared. PSAAS-coated MNPs with 0.001 g/ml PSAAS coating possessed the best colloidal stability and the highest methylene blue (MB) dye removal efficiency (94.53 ± 0.69%). The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies for the adsorption of MB onto PSAAS-coated MNPs were well-described by the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. These magnetic adsorbents, with high separation efficiency, simple and low production cost and recyclable property, are promising as practicable adsorbents in water treatment.
      25  1