Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
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Preferred name
Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
Official Name
Nor Azura, Abdul Rahim
Alternative Name
Rahim, Nor Azura Abdul
Rahim, N. A. A.
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Scopus Author ID
57203438760
Researcher ID
AAC-3346-2021

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  • Publication
    Effect of zinc oxide suspension on the overall filler content of the PLA/ZnO composites and cPLA/ZnO composites
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Tan M.A.
    ;
    Yeoh Cheow Keat
    ;
    Teh P.L.
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Song C.C.
    ;
    Voon Chun Hong
    This work aimed to study the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) filler suspension on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/ZnO and cPLA/ZnO. Fused deposition modelling, one of the additive manufacturing methods, was used to fabricate the PLA specimen. PLA was used as the main material in this project, and the ZnO suspension was added during the printing process. The speed of the dispenser (low speed = 1,000 rpm, medium speed = 1,400 rpm, and high speed = 1,800 rpm) was the parameter that was varied to control the filler content of the composite. All the samples underwent a tensile test to determine the mechanical properties, followed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test to analyse the fracture surface properties of the tensile test. SEM observations showed the PLA samples' inherent smooth appearance, but the PLA/ZnO composite showed a rougher surface. PLA and cPLA composites showed an enhanced storage modulus but lower loss modulus than the pure samples. Because of the high thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon black and ZnO, cPLA composites had higher electrical and thermal conductivity than PLA composites.
  • Publication
    Mechanical properties of rCB-pigment masterbatch in rLDPE: the effect of processing aids and water absorption test
    (De Gruyter Brill, 2023)
    Muhamad Al-Haqqem Abdul Hadi
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Chew Kang Wei
    ;
    Teh Pei Leng
    ;
    Voon Chun Hong
    ;
    Wong Wee Chun
    Homogenization of pigment is the key to coloring a plastic product evenly. In this article, the tensile properties of recovered carbon black merge with low molecular weight lubricants and other compounding ingredients in the form of pigment masterbatch (PM) added in a recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) resin were evaluated. The prepared masterbatch with the varying amount and types of processing aids (A and B) was first compounded using the heated two-roll mill. Subsequently, the manually mixed masterbatch in rLDPE was put through an injection molding machine for the shaping process to produce an rLDPE pigment masterbatch composite (PMC). The tensile test was performed on the samples to evaluate the mechanical properties of the PMC. Meanwhile, the melt flow index test was executed to justify the composite flow characteristics. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy were also carried out to analyze the PM and PMC chemical properties and their constructed surface morphology. Besides, X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to determine the changes in degree of crystallinity before and after the water absorption test. The addition of PM in rLDPE has slightly increased the rLDPE matrix tensile properties. While, the usage of more processing aid B in the PMC has turned out to secure better tensile properties compared to the addition of higher amount of processing aid A in the PMC. Interestingly, the tensile properties of all composites after the water absorption test were enhanced, suggesting that a stronger bond was formed during the immersion period.
  • Publication
    Microwave welding with SiCNW/PMMA nanocomposite thin films: enhanced joint strength and performance
    (Institute of Physic, 2025-01)
    Phey Yee Foong
    ;
    Voon Chun Hong
    ;
    Lim Bee Ying
    ;
    Foo Wah Low
    ;
    Teh Pei Leng
    ;
    Nor Azizah Parmin
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Veeradasan Perumal
    ;
    Yeoh Cheow Keat
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    Most previously reported susceptors for microwave welding are in powder form. In this study, a thin-film susceptor was employed due to its uniform heating rate and ease of handling. Silicon carbide nanowhisker (SiCNW) were incorporated into a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to create a nanocomposite thin film, which served as the susceptor. The microwave welding process involved three straightforward steps: fabrication of the PMMA/SiCNW nanocomposite thin film, application of the nanocomposite film to the target area, and subsequent microwave heating. Upon cooling, a robust microwave-welded joint was formed. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints were characterized using single-lap shear tests, three-point bending tests, and scanning electron microscopy. Results demonstrated that the shear strength and elastic modulus of the welded joints were optimized with increased heating time and SiCNW filler loading. This optimization is attributed to the formation of a SiCNW-filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite layer of increasing thickness at the welded joint interface. However, the incorporation of SiCNW also constrained the mobility of the PP chains, reducing the joint’s flexibility. Furthermore, the welded joint formed with the PMMA/SiCNW nanocomposite thin-film susceptor exhibited an 18.82% improvement in shear strength compared to joints formed with a powdered SiCNW susceptor. This study not only demonstrates the potential of PMMA/SiCNW nanocomposite thin films as efficient susceptors for microwave welding but also paves the way for developing high-performance polymer-based composite joints with improved mechanical properties for applications in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.
  • Publication
    The effect of coated calcium carbonate using stearic acid on the recovered carbon black masterbatch in low-density polyethylene composites
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Leow V.J.
    ;
    Teh Pei Leng
    ;
    Yeoh C.K.
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Wong W.C.
    ;
    Voon Chun Hong
    ;
    Mohamed Rasidi M.S.
    ;
    Lim Bee Ying
    This research focuses on recycling rubber tire waste through pyrolysis to produce recovered carbon black (rCB). The rCB is combined with recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), fatty acid, metallic stearate, and polyethylene (PE) wax to create an rCB masterbatch for household packaging. Surface modification of CaCO3 particles using stearic acid improves the compatibility with LDPE. The study investigates mechanical properties, morphology, melt flow index (MFI), X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis in three systems: uncoated, coated, and a hybrid combination of coated and uncoated CaCO3 in LDPE/rCB masterbatch composites. The coated system demonstrates higher mechanical properties and improved compatibility between CaCO3 and LDPE. All three systems exhibit enhanced thermal stability and MFI compared to virgin LDPE, with the coated system showing the most significant improvement. The study showcases the potential of LDPE/rCB masterbatch composites for household packaging, with the coated system displaying the optimum performance across various characteristics.
      1  36
  • Publication
    Enhanced luminescence stability and oxidation–reduction potential of polyfluorene for organic electronics: a review
    ( 2024-06-01)
    Chew K.W.
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Teh P.L.
    ;
    Osman A.F.
    In pursuing sustainable technologies, organic electronic-based materials have witnessed remarkable progress, with polyfluorene (PF) among the blue light-emitting polymers garnering significant attention. PF, renowned for its remarkable light absorption and exceptional optoelectronic properties, exhibits great potential for various applications including display technologies, solar cells, lasers and transistors. Nonetheless, the diverse phases in PF significantly affect the performance of optoelectronic devices, predominantly due to the coexistence of different conformations in thin films, while promising, PF confronts hurdles related to stability and degradation during operation, leading to spectral changes and colour purity issue. Since the early 1990s, various studies have been devoted by researchers to determine the chemical changes in the PF chain and its functional groups after being subjected to different types of degradation with the aim of controlling and retarding the decomposition process. Another alternative strategy is to promote the formation of β-phase in PF, which is characterised by well-ordered conformation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PF degradation behaviour, modes and mechanisms. Various approaches to delay and suppress PF degradation are discussed. Meanwhile, the role of the β-phase in suppressing PF degradation and enhancing optoelectronic applications has also been highlighted. Thus, scientists are diligently attempting to enhance the formation and stability of the β-phase to improve the performance of optoelectronic applications.
      20  4
  • Publication
    Recycled polyethylene blends and composites: Current trend, technology, and challenges
    ( 2023-09-23)
    Munusamy Y.
    ;
    Zunaida Zakaria
    ;
    Ismail H.
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    Thermoplastics being a modern material had provided significant contribution to human civilization. Polyethylene (PE) being the highest consumed thermoplastic is gaining more momentum in production for application in the field of automotive, electrical, and food packaging. Environmental issues with single-usage trend of PE products had catalyzed various initiative to recycle PE specially to produce recycle PE blends and composites. Even though various laboratory-based development been successfully carried out to produce recycled PE blends and composites but its commercialization is still at infancy. Thus, in this chapter the current PE recycling methods, products, and its applications are being discussed and the challenges faced by industry for full-scale adaption of findings in laboratories are highlighted. Critical analysis on the production and products of recycled PE blends and composites are reported to provide the reader with future trends for practical approach in PE recycling at industrial scale. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
      4  31
  • Publication
    Moment Invariants Technique for Image Analysis and Its Applications: A Review
    ( 2021-07-26)
    Mohd Wafi Nasrudin
    ;
    Yaakob N.S.
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Mohd Zamri Zahir Ahmad
    ;
    Ramli N.
    ;
    Aziz Rashid M.S.
    The Moment invariant is a feature extraction technique used to extract the global features for shape recognition and identification analysis. There are many types of Moment Invariants technique since it was introduced. To date, many applications still use the Moment Invariant technique as feature extraction technique to extract the features of any images. The reason why the Moment Invariants still valid till today because its capabilities to analyze the image due to its invariant features of an image based on rotation, translation and scaling factors. Therefore, this review paper focuses to elaborate the history of Moment invariants and its applications in related fields. The summary about the advantages and disadvantages of Moment Invariants techniques will be described at the end of this review paper.
      30  3
  • Publication
    Effect of infill density with ZnO concentration on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA/ZnO composites
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022-05-18)
    Tan M.A.
    ;
    Yeoh Cheow Keat
    ;
    Teh Pei Leng
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Song C.C.
    ;
    Mansor N.S.S.
    ;
    Lim J.H.
    Polylactic acid (PLA) plastics are biodegradable materials manufactured from PLA resin by melt spinning and solvent spinning methods. PLA is widely applied in textile fabric, non-woven, masks and sanitary napkins applications due to excellent safety, environmental protection and good mechanical properties. The process of 3D printing is continuous and able to produce complex three-dimensional structures. PLA/ZnO composite samples were fabricated by a 3D printer. ZnO acts as filler in PLA/ZnO composites to obtain the excellent properties like specific tensile properties and density. However, ZnO agglomeration occurred at higher concentration when viewed via SEM. Printing parameters such as infill density, raster orientation and infill pattern can influence the mechanical properties of 3D samples as well. The objective of this paper is to determine the effect of infill density with different ZnO concentration on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA/ZnO composites. Tensile and density measurement were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of composites. The influence of 80%, 90%, 100% infill rate and ZnO concentration varied by 1 and 5 mol. As a result, higher infill rate (100%) and optimum filler concentration (1 mol ZnO) give the excellent properties thus can be used for future applications.
      2  4
  • Publication
    Recycled polyethylene terephthalate blends and composites: Impact of pet waste, engineering design, and their applications
    ( 2023-09-23)
    Zunaida Zakaria
    ;
    Hakimah Osman
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Munusamy Y.
    ;
    Ismail H.
    Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the major polymers produced and has been widely used in downstream industries, such as the production of textile fibers, packaging bottles, and films. The increased use of PET is associated with its excellent properties, which include thermal resistance, lightweight, high transparency, good impact, and relatively low cost. This indirectly contributes to a large amount of PET solid waste, which is detrimental to human life and exacerbates environmental issues. As a result, conversion to new PET blends and composites is an efficient method to recycle PET and reduce waste. While research in this area is ongoing and improving with the development of new materials for various applications, its commercialization has yet to begin. This chapter focuses on the designation of recycled PET and its performance as new blends and composites. Among the other topics discussed are PET waste sources, recycling methods, and applications, as well as the challenges of recycling PET and converting this solid waste into value-added products. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
      1
  • Publication
    Effect of silicone rubber on the properties of epoxy/recovered carbon black (rCB) conductive materials
    ( 2024-04)
    Pei Chee Leow
    ;
    Teh Pei Leng
    ;
    Yeoh Cheow Keat
    ;
    Wee Chun Wong
    ;
    Chong Hooi Yew
    ;
    Xue Yi Lim
    ;
    Kai Kheng Yeoh
    ;
    Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Voon Chun Hong
    The primary focus of this study is to investigate the effect of silicone rubber (SR) content on the mechanical, thermal, electrical conductivity, and morphological properties of epoxy/recovered carbon black (rCB) conductive material. The conductive material is used to produce the electrostatic discharge (ESD) tray for the electronic packaging industry. This study investigated the effect of silicone rubber content (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 vol.%) on the properties of epoxy/SR/rCB conductive materials, with the rCB content fixed at 15 vol.% for its optimum electrical conductivity. The silicone rubber acts as a toughening agent for epoxy. Through the fracture toughness result, it can be identified that silicone rubber plays a role in improving the toughness properties of the epoxy/SR/rCB conductive material. The optimum results for mechanical properties were recorded at 5 vol.% SR. The addition of SR to the epoxy matrix enhances the electrical properties of the epoxy/SR/rCB conductive material. The effect of thermal aging on epoxy/SR/rCB conductive materials was also studied to determine the properties of the conductive material materials at high temperatures for a long period of time. After thermal aging, the mechanical, thermal, electrical conductivity, and morphological properties of the epoxy/SR/rCB conductive material were slightly reduced.
      1  63