Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
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Preferred name
Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
Official Name
Siti Nor Azreen, Ahmad Termizi
Alternative Name
Ahmad Termizi, S. N.A.
Termizi, S. N.A.Ahmad
Termizi, Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57000566700
Researcher ID
GXA-2631-2022

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  • Publication
    Blockchain-Based Transaction Data Structure Design for Process Integration and Industrial Symbiosis System
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Chin H.H.
    ;
    Varbanov P.S.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Alwi S.R.W.
    ;
    Manan Z.A.
    Industrial Symbiosis (IS) and Process Integration (PI) are important activities with the potential to save resource intake and environmental footprints. Process Integration has been done theoretically and in practice for several decades but is still missing an efficient tool for multi-actor documentation and information preservation. The current paper sets out to develop data structures and tool prototypes for data preservation and transaction recording in process designs and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) to support the advancement of decentralised information tracking. The blockchain concept is utilised in this paper, where the information on the key properties of the streams and process stages can be stored in a secured block, and the transaction of resources can be dealt with using the information from the chain of blocks. Each block can represent the actors of the process in the IS, and an actor can request to join the blockchain by mining the blocks and going through the Proof-of- Work (PoW) verification of the new block. This paper introduces several terms to formulate a proper blockchain to store the information and showcase a simple simulation of adding/removing blocks for an IS system. The illustrative case study demonstrates that the method can evaluate Industrial Symbiosis and Process Integration solutions and track the key properties of the streams and process stages, costs, revenues, and environmental footprints.
  • Publication
    Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Kee W.C.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.
  • Publication
    Multi Response Optimization of Injection Molding Parameters for Artificial Phalanx Bone Using Response Surface Methodology
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Zainal S.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    Unintended features of the injected part may affect the quality of the product. The present study aims to optimize the injection molding parameters and minimize the shrinkage and sink marks for artificial phalanx bone of the index finger via response surface methodology (RSM). The injection molding process was numerically simulated by the software. The combination of the process parameters was designed by Central Composite Design (CCD) in RSM. Three important process parameters were considered, which are melting temperature, cooling time and injection pressure. Meanwhile, two responses (i.e., volumetric shrinkage and sink marks) were considered in the multi-objective optimization. Regression model, ANOVA analysis and perturbation plot analysis were also highlighted in this study. The simulation results revealed two most significant factors towards the responses and the optimum setting of process parameters were recommended to minimize the shrinkage and sink marks of the injected artificial phalanx bone. The optimum injection molding process parameters are 240 °C of melting temperature, 40 s of cooling time and 12 MPa of injection pressure. The optimized results are expected to be used as the reference in the fabrication of the artificial phalanx bone via injection molding.
  • Publication
    A Novel Green Technology Kaffir Lime Extract as Lizard Repellent
    ( 2020-03-18)
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Ayub M.A.R.M.
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Ishak N.
    The ubiquity of lizard in homes and has caused huge problem to human. They are one of the very important agents to transmit Salmonella that cause food poisoning towards human being. Through this research the potential of Kaffir lime peel toward lizard was reported. The process to produce Kaffir lime extract is hydrodistillation extraction method. The repellency test of essential oil will be assess at different concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The duration of observation will be test from 3 to 6 hour duration. The results has shown that the concentration up to 50% and above of essential oil from Kaffir lime peel extraction may reflect the lizards in a state of discomfort.
  • Publication
    Cogeneration system’s energy performance improvement by using P-graph and advanced process control
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025)
    Fakhrony Sholahudin Rohman
    ;
    Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi
    ;
    Hong An Er
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Zainuddin Abd Manan
    ;
    Jeng Shiun Lim
    ;
    Dinie Muhammad
    Cogeneration systems are widely used in industrial settings to meet process steam and power demands efficiently. Optimizing the load allocation among boilers and turbines is critical for improving overall system efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. However, traditional optimization approaches often rely on complex mathematical models, which can be challenging for in-house engineers without advanced optimization expertise. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a graph-theoretic tool, Process Graph (P-Graph), to optimize load allocation while considering the nonlinear part-load efficiency of boilers. Additionally, drum boilers exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as the shrink-and-swell effect, which require advanced control strategies. To address this, various control strategies, including Proportional-Integral (PI) and Model Predictive Control (MPC), are evaluated under different high-pressure steam (HPS), medium-pressure steam (MPS), and energy demand scenarios. The study comprises two stages: optimization of load allocation among five boilers and three turbines, followed by the application of control strategies to the optimal configuration. Results show that dynamic load distribution involving Boiler 2, Boiler 3, Boiler 5, ST1, and CT achieves the best energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The comparison between the base and optimized scenarios underscores the changes in operating strategies achieved through optimization, resulting in a 2.38 % reduction in operating costs, equivalent to RM1727.3 per hour. Moreover, MPC outperforms PI control in closed-loop performance, demonstrating superior energy savings and error minimization.
  • Publication
    Cogeneration system’s energy performance improvement by using P-graph and advanced process control
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-01)
    Fakhrony Sholahudin Rohman
    ;
    Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi
    ;
    Hong An Er
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Zainuddin Abd Manan
    ;
    Jeng Shiun Lim
    ;
    Dinie Muhammad
    Cogeneration systems are widely used in industrial settings to meet process steam and power demands efficiently. Optimizing the load allocation among boilers and turbines is critical for improving overall system efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. However, traditional optimization approaches often rely on complex mathematical models, which can be challenging for in-house engineers without advanced optimization expertise. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a graph-theoretic tool, Process Graph (P-Graph), to optimize load allocation while considering the nonlinear part-load efficiency of boilers. Additionally, drum boilers exhibit nonlinear behaviors, such as the shrink-and-swell effect, which require advanced control strategies. To address this, various control strategies, including Proportional-Integral (PI) and Model Predictive Control (MPC), are evaluated under different high-pressure steam (HPS), medium-pressure steam (MPS), and energy demand scenarios. The study comprises two stages: optimization of load allocation among five boilers and three turbines, followed by the application of control strategies to the optimal configuration. Results show that dynamic load distribution involving Boiler 2, Boiler 3, Boiler 5, ST1, and CT achieves the best energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The comparison between the base and optimized scenarios underscores the changes in operating strategies achieved through optimization, resulting in a 2.38 % reduction in operating costs, equivalent to RM1727.3 per hour. Moreover, MPC outperforms PI control in closed-loop performance, demonstrating superior energy savings and error minimization.
  • Publication
    Conceptual Design Selection of Motorcycle Handle Brake Lever Component by TRIZ and Simulation
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Chong C.S.
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    The fuel consumption of vehicles can be affected by the weight of the vehicle. Trending on replacing the metal part or product with lighter composite material has emerged. By using polymer composite instead of metal material in producing an automotive component, the total weight of the vehicle will be reduced. This research aims to develop the conceptual designs of new lighter weight motorcycle handle brake lever by integrating Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and FEA simulation. This research generates the best concept design based on user needs and product design specifications. TRIZ contradiction matrix and 40 inventive principles solution were applied in the early solution generation stage. The principle solution parameters for the specific design features were later refined using Morphological Chart to systematically develop numbers of concept design. After numbers of significant FEA simulation, decision-making processes are performed in selecting the most appropriate concept design. A design was selected as the best conceptual design as it has scored the highest in the concept rating. This research proves the significant contribution of integrating TRIZ and FEA simulation that will benefit the industry in conceptual design phase of producing a new product.
      27  2
  • Publication
    Numerical Simulation of Biodiesel Synthesis in T- Channel Microreactor
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Syafiqah Binti Mohd Aris N.
    ;
    Muhammad Ikman Ishak
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    Biodiesel promising as an alternative to the diesel. The transesterification reaction process involved the reaction of triglyceride with alcohol in the presence of catalyst. In the research, the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method was used to simulate the transesterification reaction process. The inlet pressure range from 0.0001 Pa to 0.01 Pa, temperature of 25°C, 50°C, 75°C and the molar ratio at 6:1, 9:1 were used to investigate their effect of toward the biodiesel conversion. Finding shows that high conversion of biodiesel occurred at low inlet pressure of 0.001 Pa with temperature of 50°C and the ethanol to oil molar ratio at 9:1.
      2  32
  • Publication
    Agent-Based Modelling Analysis on the Potential Economic Benefits of Mud Cake Waste to Wealth
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Alwi S.R.W.
    ;
    Manan Z.A.
    ;
    Varbanov P.S.
    Production of refined sugar generates a significant amount of mud cake waste which has traditionally been managed through disposal in landfills. Such practice is not sustainable and can have negative environmental impacts. While previous research has primarily focused on evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of bagasse, less attention has been given to mud cake waste. By applying the waste-to-wealth concept and promoting a circular economy, this study aims to evaluate the potential economic benefits of using mud cake waste as an alternative raw material in cement production. To assess the potential economic benefits, the study employs an agent-based modelling analysis that simulates the actions and interactions of multiple agents. The results of the analysis demonstrate the potential economic benefits of mud cake waste exchange for both sugar producers and cement manufacturers. The concept of a win-win scenario is emphasized, where both parties share an equal amount of exchange costs and reap mutual benefits in cost savings, improved resource efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts by reducing the amount of waste being disposed of to the landfill.
      14  1
  • Publication
    The effect of multi-staged swirling fluidized bed on air flow distribution
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Musa N.M.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Faris M.A.
    Fluidization is characterized as an activity that transforms fine solids into a liquidstate via contact with either a gas or a liquid. Currently, Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) is one of the new system that contribute on flow mixing to the beds due to the gas source which impart on the solid particles. Further the fluidized beds system are used mostly in the chemical process industry, mineral processing, processes energy and etc. Based on the current fluidized bed system there are still lacking in reducing high pressure drop and keep the energy consumption at high efficient condition. Due to this tips, the conceptual design of a multi-stages SFB was proposed to improve fluidization quality and minimize elutriation at the same time without requiring any extra facilities. By using the simulation method (Ansys Fluent) the behavior of velocity component via selected configuration of fix blades number (30) and through to variant of blade horizontal inclination angle (10°, 12° & 15°) the multi-stage SFB will be investigate. Aims of this study is to identify the air flow behavior at first and second stage blade distributor. Therefore, effect with less blades number in producing on high uniformity velocity would be acquired. The present study has found that by using blade inclination angle of 10° the high velocity magnitude (more than 60 m/s) at two different level of stage distributor can be reached. Moreover, it clearly be seen at blade inclination angle, 15° the velocity uniformity was sustain at certain width and less superficial velocity value occurred compared to other configurations.
      1