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Publication3 Nanocellulose: from biosources to nanofiber and their applications(De Gruyter, 2023)
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PublicationA Comparative Study of the Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Pruned Harumanis Mango Leaves Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction( 2024)
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PublicationA Review on Recent Optimal Sizing Methodologies and Evaluation Indicators for Hybrid Renewable Energy System( 2024)
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PublicationBiodegradable natural fiber polymer composite as future 3D printing feedstockThe key advantages of 3D printing are its capability to produce complex structures and rapid prototyping. This has contributed to the development of modern material processing methods over the past years for industrial tasks and needs. However, the development of biodegradable feedstock for 3D printing filament and enhanced natural fiber as reinforcement filler to improve mechanical properties and biodegradation is still not fully explored. Also, there have been alarming concerns around the world about the use of non-biodegradable resources during 3D printing that could threaten the sustainable environment. This review discusses the types of biodegradable polymers, natural fibers with their properties and applications, the development method for non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymer composites obtained through fused filament fabrication (FFF). Finally, the challenges and future opportunities associated with 3D printing feedstock of biodegradable polymer composites are reviewed and analyzed.
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PublicationComparison between natural rubber, liquid natural rubber, and recycled natural rubber as secondary matrix in epoxy/natural rubber/graphene nano-platelet systemA comparison is made between the effects of natural rubber (NR), liquid natural rubber (LNR), and recycled natural rubber (rNR) in the filled epoxy systems on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical performances of filled epoxy systems. The results show that flexural strength and modulus values were improved. The toughness properties of the filled epoxy system were enhanced with NR phases (72 MPa, 2317 MPa, 4.2 MPa. m1/2), as compared to those with LNR (55 MPa, 2100 MPa, 3.2 MPa. m1/2) and rNR (52 MPa, 2000 MPa, 2.3 MPa. m1/2) at 5 vol.%. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) analysis revealed that the particle sizes of NR phases dispersed within the epoxy matrix were smaller and more uniform (0.29-1.65 μm) as compared to those with LNR (0.64-3.57 μm) and rNR (≥250 μm) phases. The incorporation of NR, LNR, and rNR phases improved the thermal stability of the filled system. This is attributed to more heat energy being needed to overcome good interfacial bonding between epoxy matrices and the small NR phases. X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the filled epoxy/NR/GNP system has higher 2θ values, indicating that d-spacing in GNP nano-fillers has the closer distance. Electrical bulk conductivity values of filled epoxy/NR/GNP systems were the highest, 4.50 x 10-3 1/Ω. cm at 20 vol.%. Small NR phases acted as elastomer spacers, which provided better GNP packing efficiency and realigned the GNP nano-fillers to form more effective conductive pathways for electron transport.
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PublicationEffect of Process Variables on Gas Release from Free and Latex-Coated Calcium Alginate Beads( 2024)
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PublicationMalaysian seashells based Hydroxyapatite for biomedical applicationHydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) is widely used in dentistry and orthopaedics as a bone substitute or replacement material. The material is chemically and crystallographically identical to the mineral component of human biological bone. Natural materials such as animal bones, clay, eggshells, corals, and seashells can be used as a main source of calcium precursor to synthesise HA. Using Malaysian shell waste materials is sustainable and economical. Thus, these advantages have attract researchers to explore potential products from shell trash. This chapter presents the synthesis method and characterisation of hydroxyapatite synthesised from several Malaysian local seashells such as Paphia textile (lala), Corbiculacea (etok), and Polymesoda expansa (lokan) shells.
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PublicationTensile, thermal properties, and biodegradability test of paddy straw powder-filled Polyhydroxybutyrate-3-Valerate (PHBV) biocomposites: acrylation pretreatmentThe mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability properties of paddy straw powder (PSP)-filled polyhydroxybutyrate-3-valerate (PHBV) biocomposites were investigated. The impacts of chemical alteration of PSP via acrylic acid treatment were examined as well. The outcomes of the study portrayed a decrease in the elongation at break and tensile strength when the filler loading increased; however, the modulus elasticity of composites could be seen to increase. Chemical alteration of PSP via acrylic acid enhanced modulus elasticity of the biocomposites and tensile strength; nevertheless, the elongation at break was decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the enhancement of thermal stability of the biocomposites via PSP compared to neat PHBV. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was positively affected by chemical alteration of PSP. Meanwhile, DSC analysis proved that the melting temperature (T m) of the biocomposites was not altered when the filler was added. Treated biocomposites demonstrated higher crystallinity (30.18%) compared to the untreated composites (26.24%). Biodegradability test showed the strains from both Aspergillus species have the potential to degrade PHBV/PSP biocomposites. The weight loss of biocomposites after undergoing fermentation with Aspergillus fumigatus strain SGE57 and Aspergillus niveus isolate A17 was 2.42% and 3.65%, respectively.
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