UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Theses & Dissertations by Issue Date

Publication

Kesan intervensi terapi kelompok tingkah laku kognitif terhadap estim kendiri dan lokus kawalan dalam kalangan penagih dadah

( 2013)

Huzili Hussin

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan intervensi terapi kelompok Tingkah Laku Kognitif Standard [CBT(S)] dengan terapi kelompok Tingkah Laku Kognitif Brief [CBT(B)] terhadap skor min estim kendiri (EK) dan lokus kawalan (LK) dalam kalangan penagih dadah. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kuasi ekperimen yang melibatkan dua kumpulan rawatan [CBT(S) & CBT(B)] dan satu kelompok kawalan (KW) serta empat ujian berulangan iaitu; ujian Pra, Pos 1, Pos 2 dan Pos 3. Seramai 108 penagih dadah telah dipilih dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Setiap kumpulan mengandungi 36 sampel kajian. Data dikumpul dengan menggunakan instrumen psikomatriks yang standard iaitu; Internal Control Index (Patricia Duttweiler, 1984) dan The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Analisis ANOVA dua hala ujian berulangan digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kesan utama antara kelompok rawatan CBT(S), CBT(B) dan KW terhadap skor min estim kendiri [F(2, 20.13)= 20.09, p<.05]; kesan utama antara masa ujian terhadap skor min estim kendiri [F(2.35, 51.74)= 351.17; p<.05]; kesan interaksi antara kelompok rawatan dan masa ujian terhadap skor min estim kendiri [F(4.69,51.74) = 4.23; p<.05]. Sementara itu, dapatan kajian ini juga menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi kesan utama antara kelompok rawatan CBT(S), CBT(B) dan KW terhadap skor min lokus kawalan [F(2, 13.38)= 200.4, p<.05]; kesan utama antara masa ujian terhadap skor min lokus kawalan [F(2.76, 17.22)= 322.77; p<.05]; dan kesan interaksi antara kelompok rawatan dan masa ujian terhadap skor min lokus kawalan [F(5.53, 17.22) = 60.28; p<.05]. Secara keseluruhannya, didapati intervensi kelompok rawatan CBT(S) dan CBT(B) dapat meningkatkan skor min estim kendiri dan lokus kawalan sampel kajian.

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Publication

Effect of marketing mix strategy on physician satisfaction in the Yemeni pharmaceutical industry : perceived value as a mediator

( 2014)

Mohsen Ali Ahmed Murshid

This research explores the relationship between marketing mix strategy (MMS) and the perceived value of physician satisfaction in the Yemeni pharmaceutical industry. The research framework was developed on the basis of extensive previous studies. The research model incorporated key MMS elements, such as product, price, place, and promotion, and investigated the effect of these variables on perceived value and physician satisfaction. Perceived value is considered a critical antecedent to physician satisfaction. Perceived value denotes the total measure of perceived quality and perceived sacrifice of physicians and is a critical mediating influence between MMS and physician satisfaction in the phannaceutical industry. A total of 500 questionnaires were randomly distributed to physicians. Data collection was self-administered, and a total of 170 questionnaires were returned and analyzed by using SPSS software 19. The usable response rate was 34 %. Several statistical techniques were perfonned including reliability, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regressions to examine the mediation effect of the perceived value. Exploratory factor analysis with principal component method and reliability analysis were used to test the validity of the instrument. Correlation analysis indicated that the relationships among MMS elements, perceived value, and physician satisfaction were significant. Multiple regression analyses results showed that MMS elements, namely, product, price, place, and promotion significantly contributed to physician satisfaction. The results also indicated that MMS elements, namely, price, place, and promotion significantly contributed to perceived value, whereas product showed an insignificant contribution. Finally, the perceived value significantly contributed to physician satisfaction. Hierarchical regression results indicated that perceived value partially mediated the relationship among MMS elements, namely, price, place, promotion, and physician satisfaction. Product variable was excluded in hierarchical analyses because the variable was insignificant to perceived value as a mediator variable. Key benefits for academia, managers, and practitioners were discussed under practical and theoretical implications, and suggestions for future research were recommended.

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Publication

HRM practices and organizational performance in Mutah University in Jordan

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2014)

Mohammadnoor Khaled M. Alqudah

This study was conducted to examine the effect of HRM practices towards rganizational performance in Mutah University in Jordan. A total of 350 sets of questionnaire had been distributed and 332 questionnaires could be used for coding, analyzing and hypotheses testing. Data for all the study variables were collected through self-administered survey questionnaires and analyze using SPSS version 22.0. A total of six hypotheses were formulated and the results showed that all hypotheses are supported. The results indicated that: (1) recruitment and selection is significantly (B= .114) related to organizational performance, (2) training and development is significantly (B= .235) related to organizational performance, (3) pay systems is significantly (B= .131) related to organizational performance, ( 4) manpower planning is significantly (B= .129) related to organizational performance, (5) quality circle is significantly (B= . 121) related to organizational performance, ( 6) performance appraisal is significantly (B= .232) related to organizational performance. The finding indicates that, there are positive effects of Human Resource Management practices on organizational performance.

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Publication

The influence of service quality, trust and reputation on customer satisfaction: evidence from public hospitals in Jordan

( 2014)

Hamza Ali Mohammad Alshatnawi

This masters’ thesis sought to assess and analyse customer satisfaction with service quality (Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy), Trust and Reputation in the public hospitals in Jordan. Specifically, it examined the determinants of satisfaction and the effects of customer satisfaction on waiting time and medical care in Jordan’s public hospitals.The study was a cross-sectional survey that used self-administered structured questionnaire to the target population of customers of universities (Yarmouk University and Jordan University of Science and Technology, JUST) employees who they visit the two public hospitals (King Abdullah Hospital and Princess Basma Hospital) in Jordan. Out of the two hundred and forty- two questionnaire administered, 242 usable questionnaires were obtained constituting 93% for analysis. SPSS software package version 19.0 to test the descriptive analysis and reliability, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) which is Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 19.0 to test the hypothesis.The study found that a total of three main hypotheses and five sub hypotheses were formulated and the results showed that all hypotheses are supported. Moreover, Service Quality, Trust and Reputation were found to have significant and positive impact on Customer Satisfaction. The implications of the study to management and theory are discussed and recommendations for future research have been made. The limitations of the study are also noted.

4 7

Publication

Volunteering intention among Malaysian undergraduates: investigating the influence of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and religiosity

( 2015)

Abdullah AbdulElah Ali Salam

Youth represent important target of the population with great potential and a valuable resource to work as volunteers. The primary focus on describing the characteristics of youth who choose to volunteer, however, has resulted in limited understanding of the psychosocial factors impacting on youth intention to volunteer. To bridge this gap, we used an extension of a well-known theoretical framework, the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and added a new variable that is religiosity to predict youth’ intentions to volunteer for community service. The age of respondents was between 18 and 26 that currently pursuing their studies in University Malaysia Perlis. Using content and thematic analysis, data for all the study variables were collected through self-administered survey questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. A total of 500 sets of questionnaires have been distributed and 432 questionnaires were returned and used for coding, analyzing and testing the hypothesis. The findings analyses showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and religiosity positively influenced volunteering intention. The results also demonstrated that the hypothesized model was fit and all hypotheses were supported. Sample from old people and other variables that related to volunteering behavior were suggested to be included in future research

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Publication

The mediating effect of purchase intention toward the relationship of attitude, subjective norm, perceived usefulness, trust and online shopping behavior

( 2015)

Lim Yi Jin

This study was conducted to examine the consumer behavior specifically online shopping behavior of university students aged between 18 and 34 that currently pursuing their studies in University Malaysia Perlis. A total of 800 sets of questionnaires have been distributed and 662 questionnaires were returned and used for coding, analysis and testing the hypothesis. Data for all the study variables were collected through self-administered survey questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 16.0. Structural Equation Modeling to test the model fits and hypotheses testing. The conclusion could be depicted that attitude and trust positively influenced online purchase intention and shopping behavior while perceived usefulness influenced online purchase intention and shopping behavior in negative way. It is interesting to note that subjective norm positively influenced purchase intention but negatively influenced online shopping behavior. Results also showed that purchase intention positively influenced online shopping behavior. The mediating effect of purchase intention indicated that attitude and online shopping behavior was fully mediated, subjective norm and online shopping behavior is partially mediated, whereas perceived usefulness and trust were not mediated. The results also demonstrated that the hypothesized model was fit and nine hypotheses were supported whereas four hypotheses were rejected. Sample from working adults and other variables that related to online shopping were suggested to be included in future research.

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Publication

Consumer perception towards corporate social responsibility on brand equity

( 2015)

Karpal Singh Dara Singh

While the Malaysian government continues to encourage companies to adopt CSR practices, consumers’ preference and demands for products and services deemed ethical is expected to encourage firms to adopt the CSR agenda. Consumers are often regarded as one of the primary drivers of CSR amongst organizations, however, little is known about the impact CSR has on consumers more so in a Malaysian context. The primary purpose of this study is to examine consumers’ perception towards CSR and its effect on brand equity. This study investigates the drivers that motivate firms to adopt CSR and the effect of CSR dimensions on brand equity. The study also investigates the moderating effect of customer awareness and religiosity on the relationship between CSR and brand equity. In addition, the study also investigates the effect of brand equity (resulting from CSR practices) on consumer buying behaviour. Having reviewed scores of literatures, the study identified six drivers of CSR (intra-organizational factors, competitive dynamics, institutional investors, customers, government regulators and non-governmental organization) that were adopted as the antecedents of the study. Three CSR models were reviewed and synthesized which resulted in a proposed CSR model containing six dimensions (value creation, legal compliance, good governance, philanthropical engagements, workplace concerns and environmental integrity). These CSR dimensions were adopted as the independent variables of the study which were tested against brand equity, the dependent variable of the study. To attain the objectives, the study adopted a quantitative approach and questionnaires were developed and distributed to the chosen sample and collected back for relevant analyses and discussions. The geographical scope of the research comprised 12 states in Peninsular Malaysia targeting 120 people from each state contributing to a sample size of 1440 people, based on a quota based sampling plan in order to investigate the views of customers from the multi - racial population of Malaysia. A total of 909 usable questionnaires were used for analysis. The exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis was undertaken to test the validity and consistency of all questionnaire items. The findings revealed that all the six drivers were able to motivate organizations to adopt CSR practices. As for the effects of CSR dimensions on brand equity, the study revealed that value creation, legal compliance, philanthropical engagements, workplace concerns and environmental integrity were significant predictors of brand equity. However the study found no convincing evidence to support the effect of good governance on brand equity. Hence, 5 hypotheses relating to CSR dimensions and brand equity were accepted while 1 hypothesis was not supported. In terms of the moderating variables, the study found that customer awareness was able to moderate the relationship between philanthropical engagement and brand equity while religiosity only had a moderating effect on the relationship between legal compliance and brand equity. In addition, the study also found that brand equity (resulting from CSR practices) had an effect on consumers buying behaviour which meant that customers were willing to consider products and services from organizations that were committed to CSR.

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Publication

Analects of communication on the impact of divorce on society in Arabic country causes, effects and solutions

( 2015)

Faten Mohammad AlQahtani

Divorce seems to be more socially acceptable nowadays and is also the most common issue in the modern world. With the increase rate of divorce, the pace of emotional instability and crime rate is also quickening. Its effect on the family life, interference in the development of the children an crime is obvious. It is divorce that has an impact on not only their families but also their own children. And children are likely to be the most painful victims in this battle. It effects on both their feelings and minds. Some kids tend to stay away from any kind of social interaction and soon become immersed in their sadness. This makes them very fearful and worried by nature. Moreover, there are times when children feel so much anger because of divorce that they resort to committing crimes and taking drugs to overcome this anger. Hence, such children have higher chances of becoming delinquents. Many children are not able to concentrate on their studies during the time of divorce. The circumstances surrounding divorce may make it hard for the child to focus on academic goals. Children are bound to lose their self-confidence in such cases and may not want to study at all. Most people think that there is nothing positive about divorce as the negative effects are more obvious and talked about. Divorce can be a positive thing when the marriage is in high conflict and the children are exposed to be in an environment where they see a lack of respect and trust. Often when the child has been a victim of domestic violence then that child will grow up disliking societies' vices. That is surely a positive side. In conclusion, it is high time now that the society must do something to preserve the sanctity of marriage. For of the pace divorce continues to increase at such an alarming rate, and then the society itself would be adulterated. And people would lose faith in the stability of love, marriage and long lasting relationships. And life would be far more stressful than it is now.

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Publication

Consumption values, perceived consumer effectiveness, eco-knowledge and green purchase behaviour of environment friendly and energy efficient electronic products market

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2017)

Mohammad Solaiman

Over the past few decades, marketers and researchers have paid much attention to the underlying motivation for green purchase behaviour. The present study is designed to investigate the green purchase behaviour of electronic products market using the theory of consumption values. Functional value, social value, emotional value, epistemic value, conditional value, and corporate image value are tested in relation to green purchase behaviour of environment friendly and energy efficient electronic products market. In addition to that perceived consumer effectiveness is tested as the mediator between the consumption values and green purchase behaviour while eco-knowledge is tested as the moderator in the relationship between perceived consumer effectiveness and green purchase behaviour. Data are collected through a structured questionnaire survey from the six big cities of Bangladesh namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet and Comilla. The respondents of this study are the actual buyers of environmentfriendly and energy efficient electronic products. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling are used to analyse the collected data using Smart PLS software version 2.0M3. The analysis reveales that functional value, social value, conditional value, corporate image value and perceived consumer effectiveness are positively and significantly correlated with green purchase behaviour. Besides, a significantly positive relationship is found among functional value, social value, conditional value, corporate image value and perceived consumer effectiveness. Perceived consumer effectiveness mediates the relationship between functional value, social value, epistemic value, corporate image value and green purchase behaviour. It is also found that ecoknowledge moderates the relationship between perceived consumer effectiveness and green purchase behaviour. The research findings provide some theoretical contributions to the literature and provide insight into consumers' green purchase behaviour towards environment-friendly and energy efficient electronic products. The findings of this study also have a lot of insightful managerial implications, especially for the industry, policy makers and the government.

Publication

Effects of student's satisfaction and co-creation on the relationship between attitudinal factors and destination loyalty: evidence from international students in Malaysian public universities

( 2017)

Ndanusa Mohammed Manzuma-Ada'aba

In view of the ever increasing attrition rate of international students at study destinations occasioned by increased education marketization, reduced public budgetary allocation, globalization, internationalization and stiff competition, this study aimed to fill research vacuum by proposing and validating destination loyalty model using new paradigm of relationship marketing in higher education sector. Drawing from a new marketing innovation concept of service dominant (SD) logic and social exchange theory, this study examines the effects of students’ satisfaction and Co-Creation on the relationship between attitudinal factors and destination loyalty. A total of 498 undergraduate and post graduate international students from Malaysian public universities participated in the survey. The result of partial least square (PLS) path analysis supported all but two variables in the hypothesized direct relationship to students’ satisfaction and destination loyalty. Specifically, attitudinal factors of service quality, perceived value and personal reasons were found to have significant relationship with destination loyalty. Similarly, service quality, perceived image and perceived value significantly influenced students’ satisfaction. The intervening variables of students’ satisfaction and Co-creation also show significant relationship with destination loyalty.However, perceived image was not significant to destination loyalty. Personal reason was also not significant with students’ satisfaction. The bootstrapping result of students’ satisfaction as mediator was significant except with personal reasons. The results of the analysis also suggest that Co-Creation moderates the relationship between students’ satisfaction and destination loyalty. Taken together, the findings of this study lend empirical support to the view that joint creation of value between consumers and service providers will confer competitive advantage in service relationship. Hence, knowledge of FP-4 in SD logic will assist universities management to grow their student’s profile for sustainable competitive advantage. It is recommended that emerging destinations should concerntrate on retention through unique service provision. Malaysian public universities particularly should focus on the implementation of students’ satisfaction and Co-Creation to earn students’ loyalty and increase inbound international students for sustainable internationalization benefits.

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Publication

Factors affecting the Intention to fully adopt the Computer Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques (CAATTs) among external auditors in Jordan

( 2017)

Ayman Mohammad Said Khasawneh

Computer-Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques (CAATTs) are the tools and techniques that enable auditors to automate tasks including client risk assessment, analysis of data, and detection of fraud in order to increase audit quality. Nevertheless, it has been evident that Jordanian companies are still involved in frauds such as tax evasion, fraud and manipulation of financial statements especially in obtaining financing from banks. Despite the advantages of adopting CAATTs in auditing practices, there is little evidence about their adoption among external auditors in the Jordanian context. Hence, this study aimed to fill this gap. The primary aims of this study were to explore the current usage of CAATTs and further examine factors affecting the intention to fully adopt CAATTs among Jordanian external auditors working in various national, international, and the world’s Big 4 audit firms. The present study employed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to identify factors affecting the intention to fully adopt CAATTs. These factors included performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and trust as an external factor. Online survey was conducted in which a questionnaire was sent to 181 Jordanian external auditors that yielded 54.14% response rate. Results have shown that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence were all positively related to the intention to fully adopt CAATTs. Moreover, trust was positively related to performance expectancy and effort expectancy. However, facilitating conditions and trust were not positively related to the intention to fully adopt CAATTs. The findings have also indicated that a limited number of only 8 respondents among the Jordanian external auditors surveyed had fully adopted CAATTs. In this regard, most of the Jordanian audit firms were facing many obstacles such as the lack of knowledge and training related to the usage of CAATTs. Thus, it is recommended that the Jordanian professional accounting body should help the auditors in Jordan to adopt CAATTs by developing training programs and organising conferences to disseminate knowledge among all auditors about importance of adopting CAATTs. Nonetheless, it should be noted that the survey was conducted between December and January which may have not been an appropriate time to collect data from the auditors because they would be busy preparing audit reports during this period. For future research, it is suggested that the use of Generalized Audit Software (GAS) among internal auditors or information technology auditors is examined by using the Technology Organization-Environment (TOE) framework.

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Publication

The effects of price and non-price factors on maize supply elasticities in Iraq

( 2017)

Najlaa Salah Madlul

Maize is the one of the most important crops in Iraq, being both the major feed grain for livestock and the primary staple food crop for the majority of the Iraq population. Furthermore, the maize industry contributes substantially to employment, manufacturing, foreign exchange and food security. The importance of maize in contributing to national growth is critical; this makes it meaningful to investigate the nature of maize farmers’ production decisions. This study quantifies the supply response of maize farmers to price and non-price factors in Iraq using econometric techniques. The non-price factors considered in this study are land usage, technology, rainfall, production lagged one year and siege. A modified Nerlovian partial adjustment model was applied on historical time series data spanning from 1986-2015 to estimate the supply response of maize in Iraq. To deal with the expected problems associated with time series data the study adopted several diagnostic tests. Results indicate a short-run supply elasticity and a long-run supply elasticity are inelastic, signifying that maize farmers are less sensitive to price changes. The results confirm that price factors seem to have the same effect on maize supply in Iraq. These findings coincide with those obtained in supply response studies for field crops conducted in other developing Iraq countries. The study also showed that non-price factors such as, rainfall, production lagged one year, technology and land usage have a positive impact on maize production. Given the findings, the study recommends policies that focus more on non-price factors as a means of stabilising maize production. The study also recommends that Industry stakeholders and policymakers should find means to integrate the significant relationships between non-price factors and production output into future decisions and marketing policies to safeguard a healthy, growing and sustainable maize industry in Iraq.

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Publication

Determinants of employee engagement among assistant registrars of public universities in Malaysia and moderating effect of age, gender and length service

( 2017)

Ruswahida Ibnu Ruslan

Employee engagement has received a great deal of attention in the last decade from popular business press, including consulting firms and practitioner community. They claim that employee engagement is a new human resource practice that can be used by business organisations in order to cope with the uncertainty of competitive industrial conditions. However, in the academic community, the concept is still new. Therefore, the concept requires rigorous seminal studies for it to be validated. Given that practical interest in employee engagement which has outstripped the currently available research evidence, fundamental questions as which variables contribute the most to employee engagement and how and why they benefit individuals and organisations, still remain unanswered. To examine this issue, grounded by Kahn’s psychological conditions theory, job resources theory, employee commitment theory, leadership styles theory and employee trust theory, this study proposes a new framework by decomposing employee engagement. A total of 400 assistant registrars from twenty public universities in Malaysia participated in this study. Data were collected through questionnaires (survey monkey hyperlink). The Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was the main statistical technique employed in this study. The findings of the study revealed that psychological safety, rewards and recognition, employee development, affective commitment, employee trust, normative commitment and leadership styles were found to have a significant relationship with employee engagement. The psychological meaningfulness, psychological availability, employee communication and continuance commitment were not found to have any significant effect on employee engagement. The moderating variables (age, and length of service) were found to have partially significant relationship with employee engagement. This study has successfully developed a framework, PREALEN, which can be used by future researchers and practitioners to measure employee engagement.

4 10

Publication

Drivers of supply chain performance of retail chain stores: moderating effect of strategies

( 2017)

S M Sohel Rana

Retail supply chain management has gained much importance as there is paucity of empirical findings related to the predictors of supply chain performance of retail chain stores. The objective of this study is to explore important drivers of supply chain performance of retail chain stores in Bangladesh. The study uses responsiveness and efficiency of retail supply chain as the performance measures. Five supply chain drivers namely suppliers’ role, use of IT, inventory management, transportation management and finally coordination have been explored as the determinants of retail supply chain performance. On the other hand two types of supply chain strategies have been tested as the moderators in this study. Agile supply chain strategy is tested as a moderator in the relationship between supply chain drivers and retail supply chain responsiveness while lean supply chain strategy is tested as a moderator in the relationship between supply chain drivers and retail supply chain efficiency. Data for the study have been collected through a structured questionnaire survey using cluster sampling method of probability sampling. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) technique with smart PLS 2.0M3 software has been used for data analysis. The study reveals that suppliers’ role, use of IT, inventory management and coordination among other departments are the significant contributors of retail supply chain responsiveness. On the other hand retail supply chain efficiency is found to be significantly and positively influenced by coordination, inventory management, transportation management and use of IT. The findings also show that agile supply chain strategy moderates the relationship between suppliers’ role and use of IT with retail supply chain responsiveness. The results of moderating effect test again show that lean supply chain strategy moderates the relationship between coordination and transportation management with retail supply chain efficiency. This research has implications both for business organizations and theoretical aspects with an interest in examining the determinants of retail supply chain performance. A framework has been developed incorporating the findings of this study to complement the theoretical gap of retail supply chain management. The framework is named as SIITCOS, which stands for suppliers, inventory management, information technology, transportation management, coordination and strategies. The five supply chain drivers have been proposed here as the building block of supply chain performance of retail chain stores and strategies are here to increase performance. Therefore, the outcome of this study enriches the retail supply chain management literatures by proposing a new framework which can be helpful for the retailers to manage their supply chain.

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Publication

The effect of integration practices of total quality management and supply chain management on operational performance: the roles of technological capabilities and lean manufacturing practices

( 2017)

Hana' Mohammad Hasan Arrfou'

The main objectives of this study are to examine the integration of total quality management and supply chain management practices as a new approach, and to examine the mediating role of lean manufacturing practices and the moderating role of technological capabilities in the effects of leadership and strategic planning (LSP), employees involvement and commitment (EIC), information technology system (ITS), supplier relationship (SR), continues improvement and innovation (CII), customer focus (CF) as a viable practices after integration on operational performance (OP) of manufacturing industries in Jordan (JMIs). Data were collected from the JMIs that listed in Amman stock exchange which practicing total quality management, supply chain management systems and lean manufacturing practices using a cross-sectional study design. This study chose 55 firms randomly, and questionnaires were distributed and collected through the personallyadministered method. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the study hypotheses. This study finds that LSP, EIC, SR, CII, ITS and CF are important integration practices of total quality management and supply chain management for the OP of JMIs. The findings reveal that lean manufacturing practices of JMIs depends on the degree of LSP, EIC, ITS, SR, and CF of the firm. It is expected CII would improve a firm‘s practicability to lean manufacturing, but the finding of this study does not support this expectation CII negatively influences OP. Interestingly, the results further show that with better lean manufacturing practices, LSP, EIC, ITS, SR, CII and CF influence OP. Furthermore, technological capabilities does not have a significant moderating influence on the paths between LSP and OP, EIC and OP, ITS and OP, SR and OP, CII and OP and CF and OP. The results of this study provide important insights to policy-makers and researchers to further understand the effect of the integration of total quality management and supply chain management practices on operational performance. JMIs should emphasize on LSP, EIC, SR, CII, ITS and CF; however, it is important to note that overconcentration on CII may result in lower practicability of lean manufacturing. Policymakers should encourage JMIs to improve their quality and supply chain systems which may improve their product and service quality with lower cost. Lastly, limitations of the current study and avenues for future research are discussed.

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Publication

The effects of governance on institutional sustainability and outreach of the poor in Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh

( 2017)

Mohammad Delwar Hussain

Microfinance is the only financial sector where the stakeholders can acquire double benefits, sustainability as well as poverty reduction. Microfinance practitioners claim that this dual mission is absent due to the lack of governance practices within microfinance institutions (MFIs). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of governance on double bottom-line performances of MFIs in terms of institutional sustainably as well as outreach out of the poor. This study concentrates on data from a frontier market economic country. Thus, it uses a database of 80 microfinance institutions with 10 observations years, operating in Bangladesh. The research framework considers a multi-theoretical approach, which includes the economic-based agency theory as well as three management-based theories of stewardship, stakeholder, and resource dependence theories. It applies a quantitative approach to incorporate the results. The descriptive statistical analysis tool is applied for identifying the individual variables‘ outcomes. The panel data regression model with pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects GLS estimation techniques are applied for classifying inferential statistical results for within and between the variables. The results indicate that the average board size in Bangladeshi MFIs is eight persons and it has significant positive effects on institutional sustainability, with conversely, negative effects on outreach performance. The CEO duality has significant positive effects on institutional sustainably and the depth of outreach, while demonstrating the opposite for the breadth of outreach. This result supports the stewardship theory, but not the economic-based agency theory. The stakeholder participation on board has mixed results; however, it found a similar relationship from past studies.

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Publication

The impact of ICT usage towards learning process quality among lecturers on selected private universities in Medan, Indonesia

( 2017)

Andre Hasudungan Lubis

The application of ICT is providing a great achievement for teaching and learning process in the universities. A higher education with adequate ICT resources gained a substantial alteration in the learning process and improvement for the learners. Nevertheless, Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia is classified as the low use of ICT. A shortage of the ICT establishment is occurred in higher education in Indonesia, especially for the lecturers. Lecturers as the human resources management in universities should be able to produce services for the needs of higher education customers. Whereas ICT is potentially turning the substantial changes and benefits, thus the educators have to master ICT knowledge and the competencies. The small use of the technology is due to the occurrence of the digital divide which is caused by several factors, namely the inability to operating, caused by lack of skill or knowledge, and motivation. Therefore, the study is conducted to discover the relationship between the knowledge and motivation towards the use of ICT. Also, the study is arranged to identify the relationship between ICT usage and the learning process quality. The research employed the application of the quantitative research design and data collection through a survey questionnaire. A total of 260 respondents participated in this study. The statistical techniques which are the descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis methods were employed to analyze the data. The result reveals that the motivation to use ICT and knowledge level of ICT have the contribution towards the utilization of ICT with both significant values as much as 0.000. Then, the use of ICT also has a great impact towards learning process quality with significant value as 0.000. The outcome of the study gives the contribution in term of education. The results show how the role of ICT in the quality of a learning process and education through lectures. With the evidence of the significant relationship between the utilization of ICT towards learning process quality, hence the university should apply this technology in a circle.

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Publication

Corporate governance and performance of islamic and conventional banks in Jordan: a balanced scorecard approach

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2017)

Anan Fathi Sa'ad Srouji

Global recession and failure in the banking sector pinpointed the fact of inactive ruJes and regulations of banks that should have been previously applied. Spreading out such rules, known as corporate governance elements, may have saved the world from the previous global crisis. Tlris study emerged to compare the effect of governance elements (financial reporting quality, corporate social responsibility, and intellectual capital) on bank performance for both conventional and Islamic banks in Jordan. Bank performance was divided into fmancial perspectives (profitability, employee activity, liquidity and asset quality) and non-financial perspectives (customer related, internal business, learning and innovation, and employee related), based on the balanced scorecard. As in Jordan most research exclude banks from balance scorecard studies, this research came to clarify how bank performance is affected by corporate governance. As Jordan is an Islamic country, based on additional rules derived from Shariah and religious perspectives, this research analyzed how Shariah may affect Islamic bank performance. The study was divided into two parts. The first part analyzed the financial perspectives of bank performance, using the financial annual reports to calculate performance ratios for the period 2011-2014. The population of banks comprised 21 conventional banks and 4 Islamic banks, as all banks in Jordan. Since results maybe insignificant because of uneven groups and small population, the research came to increase the number of ratios studied. Results for the first part of the study; related to the financial performance~ indicated that conventional banks were performing better than the Islamic banks, except for the latter's greater ability to cover unexpected withdrawals. Additionally, conventional banks were less risky than the Islamic banks, except for the Islamic banks' liquid ability to perform better in crisis, which supported previous findings. Results of the second part of the study was conducted through a structured questionnaire distributed to 206 bank branch managers; this survey indicated that corporate social responsibility had no influence on bank financial and non-financial perspectives. However, fmancial reporting quality and intellectual capital bad an effect on both performance perspectives, without any significant difference between the two types of banks except for employee-related perspectives, where conventional banks seemed to reaJize the importance of employees more than the competing Islamic banks. After factoring the moderating effect of Shariah and religious perspectives, results indicated the importance of corporate social responsibility. But interestingly, the Shariah Advisory Council had no effect on the variables. Since the balanced scorecard is based on the Stakeholders' Theory, which is practically difficult to imply to all parties, this constituted the main limitation of the study. Further study is recommended to investigate other corporate governance and performance perspectives, to examine more closely the results and relationships, or to investigate the same perspectives in greater depth.

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Publication

The effects of financial risks on financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria

( 2017)

Oluwaseyi Ebenezer Olalere

This study investigates the effects of financial risks on financial performance of selected commercial banks in Nigeria. The existing researches on financial risk and financial performance relationships in Nigeria are sketchy and inconclusive as well as they are more focus on individual financial risk components. Data on audited financial reports of the selected sixteen (16) commercial banks listed in the Nigerian stock market have been collected for the period of 7 years (2009-2015), making up to 112 data observations. Panel data approach is employed in the study for the analytical model with the following steps: unit root test, Hausman test for random or fixed effect choice and hypothesis testing. The study use software, Stata version 13 for the analysis. The dependent variables in this study comprise of bank financial performance proxy by return on asset; operational efficiency; and net interest margin, while the independent variables consist of financial risk proxy by operational risk; credit risk; liquidity risk; and market risk. The controlled variables used in this study include bank size and GDP growth rate. Based on random effect analysis on the model, credit risk-1 (CR1) has a negative significant effect on return on asset (ROA) and net interest margin (NIM), suggesting that the lower credit risk-1, is the better the bank performance in terms of ROA and NIM. Credit risk-2 (CR2) and market risk also has a positive significant impact on NIM, suggesting that the lower credit risk-2 and market risk, is the better the bank performance in terms of NIM. The analysis also found that liquidity risk is not important determinant to the financial performance of commercial banking sector in Nigeria, as compared to operational risk. In fixed effect analysis, operational risk and market risk significantly affect operational efficiency (OE) positively, suggesting that the higher operational risk and market risk, the better the bank performance in term of OE. Hence, the findings recommend that commercial banks should adopt proactive approaches to improve risk management in order to maximize financial performance. The study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between financial risk and financial performance, evidently useful for policy makers and future researchers as referral. The study also suggests that future research might possibly examine the nexus between financial risks and financial performance with regards to other sectors of the economy and across countries comparison

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Publication

The effects of accounting information systems on organisational performance among conventional commercial banks in Jordan

( 2017)

Basel J. A. Ali

Organisational performance is the ontological benchmark to any organisation in terms of vision and mission achievements. In order to ensure that the bank is staying competitive, then the organizational performance plays a significant role to ensure that the organisation could be successful in the future. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the accounting information systems (AIS) qualities in terms of services, systems, and data, as a success factor on organisational performance proxy of the banking sector. The study further tests the moderating effects of organizational culture on the model. Based on literature review, we include four predictors or determinants for the organisational performance namely, information quality, service quality, system quality and data quality. Data is collected using questionnaire survey approach on employees of the selected commercial banks in Jordan. A total of 520 questionnaires are distributed and 273 sets are considered for the analysis, or about 53 per cent response rate. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) has been employed as a research methodology using a software, Smart PLS version 3.2. The hypotheses of the final model results suggest that the information quality, service quality, system quality are the significant determinants or factors of organisational performance, meanwhile the results indicated that data quality has no relationship with organizational performance. Further analysis reveals that organisational culture moderate significantly and positively to the model on relationship between AIS success factors (information quality, service quality, system quality) and organisational performance, while the results have shown the OC has not moderate significantly and positively the relationship between data quality and the organizational performance. Suggesting that the adoption of positive culture by the banks on AIS will improve their performance. Therefore, effective accounting information systems in well-managed organisational culture environment can improve work performance and increase the efficiency of the operational activities both in the short-run and long-run. The results from this research contributes a holistic framework for measuring organisational performance based AIS qualities. The finding triggers future researchers to conduct similar studies for other sectors in Jordan, possibly in different contexts and perspectives.

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