Theses & Dissertations

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/188

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Browsing Theses & Dissertations by Title

  • Publication
    A classifying and rankings selection of medical tourism services and patients' satisfaction in Malaysia
    ( 2020)
    Nur Syahirah Mohd Asri
    The study is conducted in order to determine the determinant factors of patients ‟satisfaction in medical tourism services. The iampling location was domestic and cross-border medical tourism in Pulau Pinang, Kuala Lumpur and Selangor state and 92 target samples were selected to involve in this study. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was one of the quality improvement methods for high medical tourism. However, there is a limitation for FAHP to identify the patients‟ satisfaction. The Kano Model provided a way to better understand of patients‟ satisfaction through the Kano Quality Attribute categories. Thus, the integration approach of Kano Model and FAHP is proposed in this study. The study is identifying the determinant factors of patients‟ satisfaction requirements in medical tourism services was first obtained. Next, the study is measured patients‟ satisfaction using Kano and classified them into Six Groups: Must-be; Attractive; One-Dimensional; Indifferent; Reverse; and Questionable. Finally, the study is ranked the determinant factors of patients‟ satisfaction requirements in order of importance using Fuzzy AHP to prioritize the most important patients‟ satisfaction requirement based on expert opinions. Conventional AHP is integrated with fuzzy set theory to capture the uncertainty and ambiguity of patients while concluding judgments. Results indicate that one-dimensional attributes gain the largest weights followed by attractive attributes where “medical service cost”, “transparency of cost” and “fast delivery” are the first, second and third attributes with weights of 0.159, 0.134 and 0.124, respectively. The findings from the study able to benefits the medical decision maker to design and improve the medical tourism to enhance patients‟ satisfaction in the medical tourism services based on the most important patients‟ satisfaction requirement.
      20  2
  • Publication
    A comparative study of the effects of the selected economic and financial market variables on stock market returns of Malaysia and Bangladesh
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2020)
    Fatima Ruhani
    Malaysia and Bangladesh are two Asian countries that have some common aspects of religion and history. Both countries have growing capital markets in line with their economies. In light of this background, a comparative analysis is conducted in this study on the basis of the stock market return. The effects of selected economic and financial market variables are examined, and a comparative study is then conducted between the two markets on the basis of these effects. This study is aimed at finding the relationship of stock market return and selected economic and financial market variables grounded by the arbitrage pricing theories. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used to examine the effects of financial market variables (market capitalization, earning per share, price-earning multiples, dividend yield, and trading volume) on the stock market returns for both countries. The economic variables used in this study are interest rate, exchange rate, GDP and trade openness. This study incorporates secondary data from 2005 to 2016. Random effect panel data models are used for the analysis of the effects of economic variables. The regression result of the financial market variables and stock market return shows that, except for trading volume, all the selected financial market variables play significant roles in the stock market returns for both countries. The regression result of economic variables and stock market return shows that, except for the interest rate and trade openness, all the selected economic variables play a significant role in explaining stock market return for both of the countries. The comparative study on the basis of the effects of financial market variables was conducted using the panel data analysis method. The result shows that in Malaysia, both economic and financial market variables have more effects on the stock market return than that of in Bangladesh. The outcome of this study can contribute by helping the domestic and global investors formulate strategies to minimize their risks. Also, policy administrators may use the outcomes of this study to inform the micro and macro-level policy formulation. Moreover, the present study will contribute to filling the gap in knowledge concerning the new release of factors affecting stock market return and the comparative study of two capital markets.
      6  15
  • Publication
    Amalan keusahawanan sosial Islam dalam kalangan usahawan: kajian terhadap usahawan sosial berjaya muslim di Malaysia
    ( 2017)
    Mohd Adib Abd Muin
    Since research effort in the area is minimal, there is a clear need to examine the practice of Islamic social entrepreneurship (ISE) among successful Muslim social entrepreneurs (SMSE) in Malaysia. One such practice is to organize charitable activities to benefit the community through the gains made from entrepreneurial activities that are based on social mission and vision. However, the studies are not specific to models and concepts that could provide clear guidance to further enhance these practices so that they coincide with the spirit of al-Maqasid al-Syariah. Hence, this study focuses on the development of a conceptual model of ISE derived from the practices of SMSE. For this study, five (5) specific objectives were drawn up, namely: (i) to review the concept of social entrepreneurship from Islamic perspective, (ii) to identify the Islamic social entrepreneurship practiced among successful Muslim social entrepreneurs in Malaysia, (iii) to identify the implications of the practice in accordance with the Islamic perspective of social entrepreneurship, (iv) to explore the factors surrounding the involvement of successful Muslim social entrepreneurs in the activities of social entrepreneurship and their challenges, and (v) to build a model of social entrepreneurship that is based on Islamic perspective. Research methods employed in the study are case study, content analysis, comparative analysis, expert consultation, and interviews which would help to achieve all the objectives outlined. The study identified 13 concepts of ISE that need to be inculcated among SMSE, namely, the concepts of the caliphate (Khalifah), fraternity, economic jihad, fairness and balance, meeting the social needs of society, developing and improving the social value of the giver (contributor), al-Falah, enjoining good and forbidding evil (Amar Makruf wa Nahi Munkar), social security, the enhancement of the economy of the ummah, zakat and waqf, charity and baraqah, and doa, prayers and regular attendance of the mosque. The ISE dimensions have also been identified: faith (iman), taqwa, possessing admirable qualities (mahmudah) and ihsan (kindness). Overall, 13 participants constituting eight SMSE and five experts with religious academic backgrounds participated in the study. The results showed that a total of five themes and 30 sub-themes for the SMSE and the academic experts have been successfully analyzed based on the five research objectives. The study found that all themes and sub-themes point to the importance of ISE be practiced by the SMSE. This is because it is in line with the al-Maqasid al-Syariah and meeting the ultimate quest of approval and blessings of Allah SWT in this world and the hereafter. Thus, the model of ISE is the major contribution of the study which could serve as guidelines for SMSE, particularly young entrepreneurs.
      5  12
  • Publication
    An empirical investigation into the relationship between banks performance and economic growth: a comparative study of Islamic and conventional banking system
    ( 2019)
    Ghadeer Marwan Ibrahiem Khartabiel
    Islamic banking is a fast growing sector in the global financial and economic systems Previous empirical studies on the finance-growth relationship were conventional based while the concept of Islamic finance was discussed in very rare works which are limited on their coverage, scope and extremely from a religion point of view. The purpose of this thesis is to bridge the gap in the existing research literature by examining the association and causality between banks efficiency and countries' economic growth over the period of 2005-2016. The sample consists of 44 Islamic and 44 conventional banks from Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Gulf region, and, Europe. This thesis utilizes the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Tobit regression, and the Granger-causality test to achieve the study objectives. Additionally, the thesis assessed the effect of banks' internal factors on banks. efficiency, which could in turn influence the direction and strength of the relationship between banks efficiency and GDP. Findings reveal that Islamic and conventional banks are not fully efficient technically. Banks' inefficiencies are largely due to inappropriate size of banking operations. Islamic banks showed a less volatile efficiency and thus appeared to be better immune to theadverse effects of the global crisis of 2008. Results further showed that banks profitability, age and lending intensity positively affect banks efficiency, while banks skills utilization negatively affects banks efficiency score. The combined-effect of the GDP on banks' efficiency and vice-versa was found inconclusive, except in the post crisis period, indicating a weak support to both the finance-led growth and the efficiency channel hypotheses. Yet, a country level analysis of the relationship between GDP and banks' efficiency verified the finance-economic growth nexus for some banks and countries therefore the respective hypotheses in this present study cannot be genera;ized. Eventually, results support the bidirectional causation running in the short and long run between banks efficiency and economic growth for Islamic banks only. Findings suggest that Islamic banking is a proper, sustainable and beneficial substitute to the conventional banking system.
      1  12
  • Publication
    An extended stochastic goal mixed integer programming approach for optimal portfolio selection in the Amman Stock Exchange
    ( 2018)
    Rula Hani Salman AlHalaseh
    The selection of optimal portfolio received a great attention with regard to the frequent instability in the financial markets. This research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the ESGMIP in solving and selecting optimal dynamic portfolio that satisfying the investors’ preferences under the uncertainty environment, as an important area in finance and investment. Two types of portfolios were investigated; a pure stock portfolio and a stock-bond portfolio formed a mixed Integer Programming (MIP). The current portfolios involved set of real-world constraints which are multiperiod, multiobjectives (risk, return, information, liquidity, cardinality constraints, diversity, transaction cost, and stay within market performance) and multi-assets resulted on a large- scale problem. This research is quantitative in its nature, an advanced model mixing between two programming techniques, GP model is suitable to satisfy multiple objectives and SP framework that captured numerous sources of uncertainty was used to formulate the portfolio problem. All listed and continuously traded companies (100) in ASE were selected as a sample of this study, and the data was collected on daily basis for all the parameter of individual stock. The daily return of ASE Float Index used as the portfolio benchmark. Brownian motion formula was used to predict the stock price in future time period. The results of the study were presented computationally, financially and statistically. Findings highlighted the role of the decomposition algorithm in improving the memory allocation and CPU time. Solving the extended SGMIP model reached the optimality in selecting both pure stock portfolio and stock-bond portfolio. A fascinating result was obtained from the portfolio algorithm design, which was in the first stage, almost no differences were found in the performance between the SGMIP and index portfolio, after adding the information (drift) objective, the SGMIP portfolio outperform the sample and Index portfolio return. The SGMIP stock-bond portfolio invested in pure stock in the first stage. In the second stage, when the situation is favourable to the investor such as in best and stable scenarios, the portfolio invested in both stock and bond. But, when the situation became bad, the portfolio switched to invest completly in bonds as in the worst scenario. As an empirical research, set of hypotheses were formulated and the resulted SGMIP portfolios were tested. Under uncertain environment, the availability of information rationalized the diversity when the dynamic portfolio invested in one financial instrument (stocks), and tend to be diversifiable when invested in more than one financial instrument (stock and bond). This work presents a novel extended SGMIP model to reach to an optimal solution. The empirical contributions of this research presented on extending the SGMIP model by adding information as a new factor that select the portfolio elements, which can be considered as a distinctive contribution to the knowledge. The decomposed algorithm solution that designed to solve portfolio problem and using a daily return to predict the volatility and other portfolio parameters considered as a methodological contribution for this research since its results outperform the results of the previous studies based on the same programming models, applying it on the real-world ASE.
      1  9
  • Publication
    An influence of audit committee characteristics on the level of investment in internal audit function: an evidence from Malaysian public listed companies
    ( 2018)
    Ali Muqaddam Oyetunji
    The audit committee is viewed as an essential self-regulatory internal governance instrument and is expected to provide an overseeing role over the entire process of financial reporting, particularly the working of the internal control system and the work of the auditors. Researchers gathered evidence that the independency of audit committee members increases the reliability and accuracy of financial reports of a firm. Moreover, audit committee with financial expertise who possess high degree of accounting background and experience are likely to understand accounting numbers and monitor the self-interest behaviour of controlling managers while the Blue-Ribbon Committee (BRC) suggests an audit committee to meet frequently to effectively perform its oversight responsibilities. In addition, audit committee members with shorter tenure are less likely to acquiesce to top manager’s pressure and perform poor monitoring role. Regarding internal audit function (IAF), organizations still struggle to determine whether they make appropriate investment in the IAF or not. Many organizations usually benchmark the investment in IAF through industry peer group comparisons or Institute of Internal Auditors Global Audit Information Network (IIA GAIN) database to determine whether the investment in IAF is well appropriated. As such, this study set out to examine the relationship between audit committee’s characteristics of independence, expertise, meetings, tenure, and size investment in IAF. Previous studies have examined the relationship between audit committee characteristics and earnings management, earnings quality, audit report as well as financial reporting quality. This study extends the existing literature by examining the relationship between audit committee characteristics and investment in IAF from the lens of resource dependence theory. This study uses a secondary data whereby, data was extracted from the annual report of top 14 public companies listed in Bursa Malaysia and analysed using Stata Software version 13. This study applied panel data estimation. The study period is 5 years (2012 – 2016). The study finds significant association between audit committee independent, tenure, size and the level of investment in IAF. The study concludes that, high independence and long tenure of audit committee reduces the level of investment in IAF. Moreover, large size of the audit committee increases the level of investment in IAF. On the other hand, the study found no significant relationship between audit committee expertise, meetings, and investment in IAF. The result of this study has significant theoretical contribution in validating the theoretical perspective of resource dependence theory. Furthermore, this study offers valuable contribution to regulators on important factors that should be considered when making regulation concern on IAF investment.
  • Publication
    Analects of communication on the impact of divorce on society in Arabic country causes, effects and solutions
    ( 2015)
    Faten Mohammad AlQahtani
    Divorce seems to be more socially acceptable nowadays and is also the most common issue in the modern world. With the increase rate of divorce, the pace of emotional instability and crime rate is also quickening. Its effect on the family life, interference in the development of the children an crime is obvious. It is divorce that has an impact on not only their families but also their own children. And children are likely to be the most painful victims in this battle. It effects on both their feelings and minds. Some kids tend to stay away from any kind of social interaction and soon become immersed in their sadness. This makes them very fearful and worried by nature. Moreover, there are times when children feel so much anger because of divorce that they resort to committing crimes and taking drugs to overcome this anger. Hence, such children have higher chances of becoming delinquents. Many children are not able to concentrate on their studies during the time of divorce. The circumstances surrounding divorce may make it hard for the child to focus on academic goals. Children are bound to lose their self-confidence in such cases and may not want to study at all. Most people think that there is nothing positive about divorce as the negative effects are more obvious and talked about. Divorce can be a positive thing when the marriage is in high conflict and the children are exposed to be in an environment where they see a lack of respect and trust. Often when the child has been a victim of domestic violence then that child will grow up disliking societies' vices. That is surely a positive side. In conclusion, it is high time now that the society must do something to preserve the sanctity of marriage. For of the pace divorce continues to increase at such an alarming rate, and then the society itself would be adulterated. And people would lose faith in the stability of love, marriage and long lasting relationships. And life would be far more stressful than it is now.
      1  17
  • Publication
    Artefact communication: exploring the Islamic culture of niqab wearing among muslim women
    ( 2018)
    Nasrin Akter Chowdhury
    Niqab (artefact) is known as religious dress code for Muslim women and it is a visible sign of Islam. Arabic word niqab, which is regarded as Arabian culture, is a piece of cloths that covers women's hair, neck, shoulders and face, except two eyes which are visible. Now a days, niqab wearing is a divisive and controversial issue due to misunderstanding among Muslim and non Muslim communities. The goal of this study was to describe a detailed and comprehensive description of women's understanding on Islamic concept of wearing niqab. The study also attempted to find out people's perceptions towards niqab wearing women. This qualitative research employed the hermeneutic phenomenology method. The interviewed participants consisted of 33 Muslim niqab-wearing women for in depth and individual information and 12 mixed group women (Muslims and non-Muslims) for focus group discussion to confirm the main interview data. NVivo 10, a qualitative data analysis (QDA) software from QSR International and Microsoft Word computer software program was used for data analysis. According to analysis, five themes and nine sub-themes emerged from the interview transcript. This study revealed the niqab wearing women's lived experience, perceptions and feelings. The current research findings came out from the religious, cultural, environmental, controversial perspectives and women's perception towards niqab wearing women. The findings revealed that wearing niqab women's personal choice as a modest dress but not obligatory. In Malaysia, Muslim women wear niqab as both a cultural context and religious both perspectives. The environmental perspective is, niqab wearing women do a lot of sacrifice by bearing the uncomfortable weather to receive blessing from by Allah (S.W.T). This is due to their deep faith to the Almighty Allah and only to receive mercy and rewards in the hereafter. On the contrary, western media accused niqab wearing women as extremist and conservative, and in favour of banning niqab for security reason. So, most of the participants consider niqab ban as a religious and political discrimination. In this research, participants expressed that niqab wearing is women's individual choice and empowerment; it's expression is Islamic identity. When women wear niqab they feel freedom and liberty. Very few participants wear niqab to follow their family choice. They are not forced to wear niqab but when they went to overseas they think hijab was sufficient. Niqab wearing women also faced discriminated or harassed because of their perceptions about religion and Islamic culture. Even though in some countries women are restricted to wear niqab, they think media should not expose niqab badly and try to respect Muslim culture. Wearing niqab is not anti-social or anti-women movement and it's not a barrier for development and prosperity. It should not be perceived as a security risk. In fact, some misguided people abuse niqab and involved in crimes that portray bad images of Islam as a religion. If the positive deeds of niqab are highlighted it will be better acceptance almost everywhere.
  • Publication
    Assessing the determining factors of corporate social and environmental responsibility reporting in Bangladesh: moderating effect of industry sector and country of origin
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2018)
    Kazi Masuma Khatun
    Organizational legitimacy become subject to much deliberation due to several cases of corporate misconduct, significant discrepancies between Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSER) rhetoric and practices and manipulation of business practices to meet social expectations existing in society which raised up the issue of illegitimacy or legitimacy gap. A widening gap will cause an organization to lose its legitimacy and thus create several social and environmental issues. Under such circumstance an organization can adopt a number of public disclosure strategies for its survival. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to investigate the factors affecting CSER reporting as well as to identify whether industry sector and country of origin are able to moderate those relationships. In order to achieve the study objectives, the data have been collected from secondary data source: annual report, sustainability report and company's website. The sample of this study consists of 207 observations from 69 companies for three years from 2012 to 2014. Panel data analysis has been used and fixed effects and random effects have been performed using STATA version 13 to observe the association between the variables. The multiple regression findings have shown that size of organization, CSER committee, managerial ownership, government ownership, foreign ownership and audit firm have positive and significant relationship with CSER reporting while CEO duality has a significant negative relationship. On the other hand, the study has found no convincing evidence to support the effect of profitability and leverage on CSER reporting. In addition, by using hierarchical regression, this study also estimates the moderation effect of industry sector and country of origin. The study has revealed that industry sector is able to moderate the relationship between leverage, CSER committee, managerial ownership, government ownership, CEO duality and CSER reporting while country of origin has moderation effect on the relationship between profitability, CSER committee, CEO duality and CSER reporting. Thus, this study identifies three conceptually distinct, but interrelated conceptsinstitutional level, organizational level, and individual level factors. This is done in a context where prior studies do not relate these concepts to each other nor incorporate them into a single framework. This synthesis of the factors that contribute to social environmental performance and reporting is the study's substantial empirical and theoretical contribution. Apart from contributing to the body of knowledge, this study also has potential to create positive social change for a number of stakeholders as regional contributions. The present study, therefore, has implications for policy and practice, as such policies has impact on companies and how companies respond to social and environmental expectations of society in achieving legitimacy.
  • Publication
    Board composition and firm performance: the moderating role of corporate governance practices perception in Iraq
    ( 2021)
    Amjad Hamad Abdullah
    FGovernance is increasingly recognized by the business community, regulators and capital market authorities as a fundamental driver of corporate performance. This study examined the impact of the Board Composition (Board Educational Level, Board Political Connection, Board Ethnic Diversity, and Board Gender Diversity) on firm performance. Then, examine the impact of Corporate Governance Practices perception as a variable that moderate the relationship between the composition of the board of directors and the performance of Iraqi companies. This study used Agency Theory and Upper Echelon Theory in developing the hypotheses. A quantitative research method (questionnaire) has been adopted to achieve research objectives. The study sample consists of 207 Iraqi companies, including 107 companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange and 100 companies with large capital and not listed on the Iraqi stock exchange. The questionnaire was used to explore corporate governance in Iraq by obtaining and analyzing top management perceptions. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Smart PLS 3.3 have been used to analyze the hypotheses. The study provides robust evidence that board composition variables such as board educational level, board political connection and board ethnic diversity significantly affect the Firm Performance in the Iraqi context. However, the result propounds non-significant influences of Board gender diversity. Moreover, there is evidence that the presence of Corporate Governance Practices Perception tends to negatively moderate the influence of board political connection and board gender diversity on corporate performance. On other hand, corporate governance practices positively moderate the relationship between board ethnic diversity and firm performance, while does not affect board educational level on firm performance. These results give rise to certain regulatory and managerial implications, all of which, calls for more concerted efforts in strategically implementing prudent governance solutions in order to the future proof Iraqi market. The focus on Iraq is important because it allows regulators, managers and researchers to investigate the link between the Board Composition and consistent performance using the agency's theory against an institutional background specific to Iraq. The second contribution relates to the empirical investigation of the impact of Corporate Governance Practices Perception as moderate on corporate performance. The third contribution, in Iraq, is dominated by the private sector in the business environment. The results of this study show that the implementation of good governance practices increases the performance of companies.
  • Publication
    Brand image on customer-based brand equity in the hotel industry in Bangladesh: Tourism management and advertisement as moderators
    ( 2017)
    Mohammad Wasib Latif
    Strong brand image is an invaluable asset and organizations are giving continuous endeavor to build strong image for their goods and services. Likewise, marketing researchers are focusing on researches to find out ways to enhance brand image. In this study, Aaker’s Customer-Based Brand Equity Framework-1996, Keller’s Customer-Based Brand Equity Pyramid-2003 and Baker’s Corporate Social Responsibility Model-2001 have been taken into consideration for identifying the pertinent factors relating to brand image of hotel brands. Subsequently a number of variables have been extracted through extensive literature review to investigate their influence on building brand image for branded hotels in the context of Bangladesh. The variables include brand awareness, brand association, brand superiority, brand affection, brand resonance and corporate social responsibility which are deemed to have a direct influence on brand image while tourism management and advertisement have been used as the moderators in the relationship between these six IVs and brand image. Data were collected from the customers of some selected 4 star and 5 star hotels in Bangladesh using multi-stage sampling procedure. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses of this study. It was found that brand awareness, brand association, brand superiority, brand resonance and corporate social responsibility were significant factors influencing brand image of branded hotels. Among these five determinants, corporate social responsibility was found to be the most significant followed by brand superiority, brand association, brand awareness and brand resonance.
      2  64
  • Publication
    Consumer perception towards corporate social responsibility on brand equity
    ( 2015)
    Karpal Singh Dara Singh
    While the Malaysian government continues to encourage companies to adopt CSR practices, consumers’ preference and demands for products and services deemed ethical is expected to encourage firms to adopt the CSR agenda. Consumers are often regarded as one of the primary drivers of CSR amongst organizations, however, little is known about the impact CSR has on consumers more so in a Malaysian context. The primary purpose of this study is to examine consumers’ perception towards CSR and its effect on brand equity. This study investigates the drivers that motivate firms to adopt CSR and the effect of CSR dimensions on brand equity. The study also investigates the moderating effect of customer awareness and religiosity on the relationship between CSR and brand equity. In addition, the study also investigates the effect of brand equity (resulting from CSR practices) on consumer buying behaviour. Having reviewed scores of literatures, the study identified six drivers of CSR (intra-organizational factors, competitive dynamics, institutional investors, customers, government regulators and non-governmental organization) that were adopted as the antecedents of the study. Three CSR models were reviewed and synthesized which resulted in a proposed CSR model containing six dimensions (value creation, legal compliance, good governance, philanthropical engagements, workplace concerns and environmental integrity). These CSR dimensions were adopted as the independent variables of the study which were tested against brand equity, the dependent variable of the study. To attain the objectives, the study adopted a quantitative approach and questionnaires were developed and distributed to the chosen sample and collected back for relevant analyses and discussions. The geographical scope of the research comprised 12 states in Peninsular Malaysia targeting 120 people from each state contributing to a sample size of 1440 people, based on a quota based sampling plan in order to investigate the views of customers from the multi - racial population of Malaysia. A total of 909 usable questionnaires were used for analysis. The exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis was undertaken to test the validity and consistency of all questionnaire items. The findings revealed that all the six drivers were able to motivate organizations to adopt CSR practices. As for the effects of CSR dimensions on brand equity, the study revealed that value creation, legal compliance, philanthropical engagements, workplace concerns and environmental integrity were significant predictors of brand equity. However the study found no convincing evidence to support the effect of good governance on brand equity. Hence, 5 hypotheses relating to CSR dimensions and brand equity were accepted while 1 hypothesis was not supported. In terms of the moderating variables, the study found that customer awareness was able to moderate the relationship between philanthropical engagement and brand equity while religiosity only had a moderating effect on the relationship between legal compliance and brand equity. In addition, the study also found that brand equity (resulting from CSR practices) had an effect on consumers buying behaviour which meant that customers were willing to consider products and services from organizations that were committed to CSR.
      6  14
  • Publication
    Consumption values, perceived consumer effectiveness, eco-knowledge and green purchase behaviour of environment friendly and energy efficient electronic products market
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2017)
    Mohammad Solaiman
    Over the past few decades, marketers and researchers have paid much attention to the underlying motivation for green purchase behaviour. The present study is designed to investigate the green purchase behaviour of electronic products market using the theory of consumption values. Functional value, social value, emotional value, epistemic value, conditional value, and corporate image value are tested in relation to green purchase behaviour of environment friendly and energy efficient electronic products market. In addition to that perceived consumer effectiveness is tested as the mediator between the consumption values and green purchase behaviour while eco-knowledge is tested as the moderator in the relationship between perceived consumer effectiveness and green purchase behaviour. Data are collected through a structured questionnaire survey from the six big cities of Bangladesh namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Sylhet and Comilla. The respondents of this study are the actual buyers of environmentfriendly and energy efficient electronic products. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling are used to analyse the collected data using Smart PLS software version 2.0M3. The analysis reveales that functional value, social value, conditional value, corporate image value and perceived consumer effectiveness are positively and significantly correlated with green purchase behaviour. Besides, a significantly positive relationship is found among functional value, social value, conditional value, corporate image value and perceived consumer effectiveness. Perceived consumer effectiveness mediates the relationship between functional value, social value, epistemic value, corporate image value and green purchase behaviour. It is also found that ecoknowledge moderates the relationship between perceived consumer effectiveness and green purchase behaviour. The research findings provide some theoretical contributions to the literature and provide insight into consumers' green purchase behaviour towards environment-friendly and energy efficient electronic products. The findings of this study also have a lot of insightful managerial implications, especially for the industry, policy makers and the government.
  • Publication
    Corporate governance and performance of islamic and conventional banks in Jordan: a balanced scorecard approach
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2017)
    Anan Fathi Sa'ad Srouji
    Global recession and failure in the banking sector pinpointed the fact of inactive ruJes and regulations of banks that should have been previously applied. Spreading out such rules, known as corporate governance elements, may have saved the world from the previous global crisis. Tlris study emerged to compare the effect of governance elements (financial reporting quality, corporate social responsibility, and intellectual capital) on bank performance for both conventional and Islamic banks in Jordan. Bank performance was divided into fmancial perspectives (profitability, employee activity, liquidity and asset quality) and non-financial perspectives (customer related, internal business, learning and innovation, and employee related), based on the balanced scorecard. As in Jordan most research exclude banks from balance scorecard studies, this research came to clarify how bank performance is affected by corporate governance. As Jordan is an Islamic country, based on additional rules derived from Shariah and religious perspectives, this research analyzed how Shariah may affect Islamic bank performance. The study was divided into two parts. The first part analyzed the financial perspectives of bank performance, using the financial annual reports to calculate performance ratios for the period 2011-2014. The population of banks comprised 21 conventional banks and 4 Islamic banks, as all banks in Jordan. Since results maybe insignificant because of uneven groups and small population, the research came to increase the number of ratios studied. Results for the first part of the study; related to the financial performance~ indicated that conventional banks were performing better than the Islamic banks, except for the latter's greater ability to cover unexpected withdrawals. Additionally, conventional banks were less risky than the Islamic banks, except for the Islamic banks' liquid ability to perform better in crisis, which supported previous findings. Results of the second part of the study was conducted through a structured questionnaire distributed to 206 bank branch managers; this survey indicated that corporate social responsibility had no influence on bank financial and non-financial perspectives. However, fmancial reporting quality and intellectual capital bad an effect on both performance perspectives, without any significant difference between the two types of banks except for employee-related perspectives, where conventional banks seemed to reaJize the importance of employees more than the competing Islamic banks. After factoring the moderating effect of Shariah and religious perspectives, results indicated the importance of corporate social responsibility. But interestingly, the Shariah Advisory Council had no effect on the variables. Since the balanced scorecard is based on the Stakeholders' Theory, which is practically difficult to imply to all parties, this constituted the main limitation of the study. Further study is recommended to investigate other corporate governance and performance perspectives, to examine more closely the results and relationships, or to investigate the same perspectives in greater depth.
      17  2
  • Publication
    Corporate governance effectiveness and financial reporting quality in Iraq: enterprise risk management as a moderator
    ( 2023)
    Barzo Mahmood Qader
    The ineffectiveness of corporate board of directors in discharging their responsibilities coupled with the escalation in financial scandals throughout the world has elevated a countless criticism about the Financial Reporting Quality. Owing to this, The Iraqi Securities Commission has emphasized the internalization of corporate governance culture, with a focus on responsibility and openness. This study examines the moderating role of enterprise risk management on the relationship between corporate governance effectiveness and financial reporting quality in Iraqi firms. Data were collected using a questionnaire and personally administered at random to collect the data from 125 respondents in the study area. For analysis purpose, Partial Least Squared Structural Equation Model (Smart PLS-3.0) was used and the results show that board size, board independence and board expertize are insignificant. Contrarily, audit committee size, audit committee independence and audit committee expertize positively and significantly relates to financial reporting quality. In addition, a significant and positive relationship between managerial was established. However, the results shows that no significant moderation effect of enterprise risk management on board of director‘s characteristics and financial reporting quality in Iraq firms. Moreover, the study shows a negative and significant impact of enterprise risk management on the relationship between audit committee characteristics and financial reporting quality. The results of this research have contributed significantly to the body of existing literature, provided a guide to managers and policies makers, and proffered suggestion for future research based on limitation of the study.
      3  14
  • Publication
    Counterproductive work behavior among the public service sector employees in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
    ( 2017)
    Laith Mohammad Saeed Weld Ali
    Counterproductive work behavior is a major problem for organizations all over the world. It leads to negative outcomes and costs a lot for the companies. Despite the ubiquity of this issue, research works on the antecedents of counterproductive work behavior are very few. So the present research aims at exploring the factors leading to counterproductive work behavior. From the existing literature review, organizational justice and personality traits have been chosen to examine as the potential antecedents of counterproductive work behavior. While power distance was used as the moderator in the relationship between organizational justices and counterproductive work behavior and perceived organizational support as the moderator in the relationship between personality traits and counterproductive work behavior. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from the public civil servants of department of economic development in Dubai, UAE using the proportionate stratified random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling technique with the help of smart PLS software.The statistical findings showed that procedural, distributive and interactional justices are significant factors that might hinder counterproductive work behavior; while emotional stability, a personality trait was also found to be significantly and negatively correlated with counterproductive work behavior. Findings revealed that power distance had moderating effects in the relationship between organizational justices and counterproductive work behavior; and perceived organizational support had moderating effects in reducing organizational deviant behaviors in conjunction with agreeableness and consciousness. The output of this study will provide significant insights regarding the causes of CWBs in organizations. If organizations understand the reasons of CWBs, they can work proactively to avoid such types of occurrences; ensure various steps to improvethe relationships with the employees so that the employees feel more supported and valued by them and ultimately deviance behavior will be reduced. The findings of this study will also help employers to implement recognition programs to help show employees that they are valued by the organization.
      2  15
  • Publication
    Determinants of E-recruitment adoption in Nigerian civil service: attitude as a moderator
    ( 2017)
    Ibrahim Aminu Tangaza
    Recruitment is one of the important aspects of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. It is the process of obtaining or acquiring suitable candidates for an organisation.The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of user attitude (UAT) on the relationship between perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), facilitating condition (FC), and e-recruitment adoption (ERA) in Nigerian civil service. Even though the relationships have generated significant scholarly interest, few studies have been conducted on e-recruitment adoption among the Nigerian civil service. Using a cross sectional survey design, 216 questionnaires were distributed to 112 ministries and local government in North Western Nigeria. The study adopted a proportionate stratified random sampling; data were selected from different strata. A total of 185 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 85.6 percent. SmartPLS 2.0 was employed to analyse the data. The findings revealed that PEOU, PU, and FC had a direct significant relationship with the adoption of e-recruitment in Nigeria civil services. Of the moderating relationships, UAT was found to moderate those between PU, FC, and ERA but exerted no moderating effect on the relationship between PEOU and ERA. The study provides important insight to HRM practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to further understand the importance of PEOU, PU, and FC in the adoption of e-recruitment system. The study increases the existing literature by integrating some external constructs in Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Finally, the limitations, conclusions as well as the direction for future research are provided and discussed.
      4  23
  • Publication
    Determinants of employee engagement among assistant registrars of public universities in Malaysia and moderating effect of age, gender and length service
    ( 2017)
    Ruswahida Ibnu Ruslan
    Employee engagement has received a great deal of attention in the last decade from popular business press, including consulting firms and practitioner community. They claim that employee engagement is a new human resource practice that can be used by business organisations in order to cope with the uncertainty of competitive industrial conditions. However, in the academic community, the concept is still new. Therefore, the concept requires rigorous seminal studies for it to be validated. Given that practical interest in employee engagement which has outstripped the currently available research evidence, fundamental questions as which variables contribute the most to employee engagement and how and why they benefit individuals and organisations, still remain unanswered. To examine this issue, grounded by Kahn’s psychological conditions theory, job resources theory, employee commitment theory, leadership styles theory and employee trust theory, this study proposes a new framework by decomposing employee engagement. A total of 400 assistant registrars from twenty public universities in Malaysia participated in this study. Data were collected through questionnaires (survey monkey hyperlink). The Partial Least Squares approach to Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was the main statistical technique employed in this study. The findings of the study revealed that psychological safety, rewards and recognition, employee development, affective commitment, employee trust, normative commitment and leadership styles were found to have a significant relationship with employee engagement. The psychological meaningfulness, psychological availability, employee communication and continuance commitment were not found to have any significant effect on employee engagement. The moderating variables (age, and length of service) were found to have partially significant relationship with employee engagement. This study has successfully developed a framework, PREALEN, which can be used by future researchers and practitioners to measure employee engagement.
      5  11
  • Publication
    Drivers of supply chain performance of retail chain stores: moderating effect of strategies
    ( 2017)
    S M Sohel Rana
    Retail supply chain management has gained much importance as there is paucity of empirical findings related to the predictors of supply chain performance of retail chain stores. The objective of this study is to explore important drivers of supply chain performance of retail chain stores in Bangladesh. The study uses responsiveness and efficiency of retail supply chain as the performance measures. Five supply chain drivers namely suppliers’ role, use of IT, inventory management, transportation management and finally coordination have been explored as the determinants of retail supply chain performance. On the other hand two types of supply chain strategies have been tested as the moderators in this study. Agile supply chain strategy is tested as a moderator in the relationship between supply chain drivers and retail supply chain responsiveness while lean supply chain strategy is tested as a moderator in the relationship between supply chain drivers and retail supply chain efficiency. Data for the study have been collected through a structured questionnaire survey using cluster sampling method of probability sampling. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) technique with smart PLS 2.0M3 software has been used for data analysis. The study reveals that suppliers’ role, use of IT, inventory management and coordination among other departments are the significant contributors of retail supply chain responsiveness. On the other hand retail supply chain efficiency is found to be significantly and positively influenced by coordination, inventory management, transportation management and use of IT. The findings also show that agile supply chain strategy moderates the relationship between suppliers’ role and use of IT with retail supply chain responsiveness. The results of moderating effect test again show that lean supply chain strategy moderates the relationship between coordination and transportation management with retail supply chain efficiency. This research has implications both for business organizations and theoretical aspects with an interest in examining the determinants of retail supply chain performance. A framework has been developed incorporating the findings of this study to complement the theoretical gap of retail supply chain management. The framework is named as SIITCOS, which stands for suppliers, inventory management, information technology, transportation management, coordination and strategies. The five supply chain drivers have been proposed here as the building block of supply chain performance of retail chain stores and strategies are here to increase performance. Therefore, the outcome of this study enriches the retail supply chain management literatures by proposing a new framework which can be helpful for the retailers to manage their supply chain.
      1  6
  • Publication
    Effect of marketing mix strategy on physician satisfaction in the Yemeni pharmaceutical industry : perceived value as a mediator
    ( 2014)
    Mohsen Ali Ahmed Murshid
    This research explores the relationship between marketing mix strategy (MMS) and the perceived value of physician satisfaction in the Yemeni pharmaceutical industry. The research framework was developed on the basis of extensive previous studies. The research model incorporated key MMS elements, such as product, price, place, and promotion, and investigated the effect of these variables on perceived value and physician satisfaction. Perceived value is considered a critical antecedent to physician satisfaction. Perceived value denotes the total measure of perceived quality and perceived sacrifice of physicians and is a critical mediating influence between MMS and physician satisfaction in the phannaceutical industry. A total of 500 questionnaires were randomly distributed to physicians. Data collection was self-administered, and a total of 170 questionnaires were returned and analyzed by using SPSS software 19. The usable response rate was 34 %. Several statistical techniques were perfonned including reliability, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regressions to examine the mediation effect of the perceived value. Exploratory factor analysis with principal component method and reliability analysis were used to test the validity of the instrument. Correlation analysis indicated that the relationships among MMS elements, perceived value, and physician satisfaction were significant. Multiple regression analyses results showed that MMS elements, namely, product, price, place, and promotion significantly contributed to physician satisfaction. The results also indicated that MMS elements, namely, price, place, and promotion significantly contributed to perceived value, whereas product showed an insignificant contribution. Finally, the perceived value significantly contributed to physician satisfaction. Hierarchical regression results indicated that perceived value partially mediated the relationship among MMS elements, namely, price, place, promotion, and physician satisfaction. Product variable was excluded in hierarchical analyses because the variable was insignificant to perceived value as a mediator variable. Key benefits for academia, managers, and practitioners were discussed under practical and theoretical implications, and suggestions for future research were recommended.
      3  13