Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
  • Publication
    Advancements in cognitive ergonomics integration with human-robot collaboration, workload management, and industrial applications
    Cognitive ergonomics is increasingly essential in modern industries, particularly in human-robot collaboration (HRC), where it addresses mental workload, decision-making, and overall worker well-being. As industrial systems transition into Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, the integration of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) into human-centered processes necessitates the management of cognitive load. Cognitive ergonomics enhances workplace efficiency by optimizing human-system interactions, reducing mental strain, and improving task performance in complex environments. By focusing on real-time workload management, including the use of biosensors and eye-tracking technologies, industries can monitor cognitive strain, allowing for immediate task adjustments to maintain productivity and safety. Cognitive ergonomics also plays a pivotal role in enhancing human factors in HRC by aligning machine design with human mental capabilities. Effective human-machine interfaces (HMIs) based on cognitive ergonomic principles improve decision-making, reduce errors, and enhance user satisfaction. As industries continue to adopt advanced robotics, the mental demands on workers increase, making cognitive ergonomics crucial for mitigating risks associated with cognitive overload. Future trends point toward the integration of cognitive ergonomics with emerging technologies like AI, wearable devices, and virtual reality (VR), offering new avenues for workload management and decision support. These advancements aim to balance the cognitive demands on workers, ensuring that systems are designed to enhance performance without causing mental fatigue or stress. Overall, cognitive ergonomics remains a vital component in ensuring the well-being and efficiency of workers in technologically advanced industrial environments.
  • Publication
    Human-centered ergonomic: advancements, challenges, and future directions in industrial and occupational settings
    The field of human-centered ergonomics has evolved significantly, especially in industrial and occupational settings, where the focus is on optimizing worker performance and well-being through the integration of advanced technologies. This review paper explores the key advancements, challenges, and future directions in ergonomics as they relate to Industry 4.0, cognitive ergonomics, aging workforces, and sustainable manufacturing. With the rise of Industry 4.0, technologies such as motion capture, virtual reality, and autonomous systems have proven to be invaluable tools in addressing ergonomic risks while improving productivity. These innovations enable better task design and human-machine interactions, reducing both physical strain and cognitive load. However, the integration of technology also presents challenges, particularly for the aging workforce, which is more susceptible to ergonomic stressors. Ergonomic interventions such as assistive devices, like exoskeletons, and tailored workspace designs are critical for maintaining productivity and health among older workers. Furthermore, the review discusses the role of ergonomics in sustainable manufacturing, highlighting how ergonomic principles contribute to environmental goals by reducing energy consumption, waste, and physical strain. Cognitive ergonomics, which addresses mental workload and human-computer interaction, is another crucial area explored in this paper. As automation increases, optimizing human cognitive performance is essential to reducing errors and enhancing safety in complex work environments. In conclusion, while advancements in technology offer promising solutions to many ergonomic challenges, the future of human-centered ergonomics will require continued research and innovation to address the evolving needs of workers in diverse and technologically advanced environments. The ongoing development of ergonomic interventions that balance human well-being with industrial efficiency will remain central to the future of work.
  • Publication
    Doping content dependencies on the structure modification and bandgap broadening of Al induced sol-gel derived ZnO nanostructures
    This paper reports the Al doping content dependence on structure modification and band gap wid-ening of sol-gel synthesised Al-doped ZnO thin films. The precursor, solvent and stabiliser used to prepare ZnO solution were Zinc Acetate Dihydrate, 2-propanol and ethanolamine, respectively. Mo-larity fractions of 0, 4, 6 and 8% of Al (NO3)2 as dopant source was incorporated into ZnO host system and prepared by individual buffer solutions. The prepared sols were subsequently deposited onto ITO glass substrates, and the resultant thin films were characterised. XRD patterns exhibit the polycrys-talline nature of pure and doped ZnO films, with preferred orientations correspond to (1 0 0), (0 0 2) and (1 0 1) planes. Lattice shrinking is indicated by the decrease lattice constant c due to axial com-pression. Peaks shifting towards higher angle are observed implying a structural modification over doped thin films that affects the optical properties, which agrees with the lattice shrinking. The ab-sorption edge has an obvious blueshift to the shorter wavelength with increased dopant content. The thin films’ energy bands were procured by Tauc’s linear extrapolation and was found to be broaden-ing from 3.32 eV to 3.34 eV in 6% Al-doped ZnO. There exists a significant correlation between the applied doping level and the extend of variation of structural properties and ultimately, lattice im-perfection. Doping of smaller-atom-sized Al into ZnO concedes with the Burstein-Moss principles. 6% Al doping imposes the highest peak shift and ultimately has the highest impact on lattice parameter and energy band.
  • Publication
    The mechanism analysis of belt-pulley driven spray plunger pump
    (AIP Publishing, 2023) ; ;
    Muhammad Rifqie
    ;
    ;
    Muhammad Akmal Syakir
    ;
    ;
    Nur Amilea Nabila
    ;
    Nurul Izzati
    This paper presents an analysis of the mechanism of Belt-Pulley Driven Spray Plunger Pump. Belts and pulleys are used to transfer kinetic energy from the internal combustion (IC) engine to operate the pump. Combination of pulley and belts was used to transfer motion between each other simply without the need for meshed toothed gearing. The principal remains the same that there is a driver (powered) and driven (free). The benefit from application of belts which are mostly made of synthetic fibres is that no lubrication is necessary compared to chains. The analysis is focused on power transmitted from IC engine to plunger pump (design power) considering service factor as well as determining total number of belts to be used in the system with refer to FENNER Friction Belt Range Brochure Technical Docs.
  • Publication
    Recent advancements in ergonomic risk assessment integration of artificial intelligence, wearable technology, and industry-specific approaches
    Ergonomic risk assessment is crucial in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) across various industries. Traditional methods, while effective, have limitations, such as reliance on manual observations and a lack of real-time monitoring. Recent technological advancements, including artificial intelligence (AI), wearable sensors, and industry-specific solutions, are addressing these gaps. AI and machine learning techniques enable real-time data analysis, providing more accurate and proactive ergonomic assessments. Wearable technology, such as inertial measurement units and pressure sensors, offers continuous monitoring of worker movements and postures, helping to prevent injuries in sectors like healthcare, construction, and manufacturing. These tools also allow for personalized ergonomic interventions by assessing individual risk factors in real-time. Industry-specific approaches have also emerged, particularly in high-risk fields such as healthcare and mining, where the integration of ergonomic and psychosocial stressors provides a comprehensive risk assessment model. In addition to physical ergonomics, advancements now incorporate psychosocial factors, addressing issues like organizational culture and job stress, which significantly influence musculoskeletal health. Finally, technological innovations such as simulation and modeling tools further enhance ergonomic assessments by simulating worker movements and identifying high-risk postures. However, challenges remain in standardizing these tools and integrating them into existing workflows. The evolution of ergonomic risk assessments towards more automated, precise, and real-time systems promises to reduce WMSDs and improve overall workplace safety.
      13  1
  • Publication
    Ergonomic study of X-L wheelchair
    Wheelchairs have been used widely as the one of the vehicles that are designated purposely to help the disabled patient to easily move around. However, the standard wheelchairs currently available in the market are mostly fit to patients which have average size and can only accommodate the patient with maximum body mass up to 100kg. When a big size or extra-large (XL) patient with body mass more than 100 kg uses this standard wheelchair, they may feel discomfort, cramped as well as restricted movement. Furthermore, the structure of standard wheelchairs may not be safe enough to hold the load of big size patient weight. Therefore, this project is focused to study the appropriate an ergonomic body sizes and dimensions of big patients that body mass ranging from minimum 100kg to maximum 150kg. The investigation is focused on the customer needs as well as anthropometry body measurements. The data was collected from the questionnaires and direct interview among 30 personnel with the body mass in target range. The information gathered then had been used to custom design the XL wheelchair that fulfil the most requirements and having sturdy structure that safety to be used.
      2
  • Publication
    Current trends and risk factors in low back pain: an ergonomic perspective on prevention and management
    Low back pain (LBP) is a global health concern, impacting individuals across various professions and age groups. This review explores the critical role of ergonomic factors in the prevention and management of LBP. Occupational risk factors, including heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, non-neutral postures, and repetitive motions, contribute significantly to the rising prevalence of LBP. Professions such as healthcare, law enforcement, and office work are particularly vulnerable due to their physical demands and static postures. Ergonomic interventions, including task redesign, assistive technologies, and workplace modifications, have proven effective in reducing the incidence of LBP. Dynamic seating, lumbar support devices, and wearable technology are among the innovations that have been introduced to promote healthier postures and reduce musculoskeletal strain. Additionally, ergonomic training programs focusing on proper body mechanics and posture correction are essential for long-term prevention. Beyond physical factors, psychosocial and lifestyle elements, such as stress, sedentary behavior, and smoking, also play a role in the development of LBP. Combining ergonomic interventions with health-promoting behaviors, such as regular physical activity and stress management, can significantly reduce the burden of LBP. Technological advancements, including mobile applications and wearable devices, support adherence to home exercise programs, offering continuous feedback for posture correction and movement. This comprehensive review underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates ergonomic interventions, technological tools, and lifestyle modifications to manage and prevent LBP effectively in both occupational and everyday settings.
      22  2
  • Publication
    Hard-porous-lightweight PM Fe-Cr-Al2O3MMCs sintered under hybrid microwave energy
    This study reports on the effect of Al2O3 particles on the density of Fe-Cr metal matrix composite (MMCs) produced through PM route then sintered under hybrid microwave energy. The sample was prepared by mixing the Al2O3 particle in 3D-tubular shaker at six different weight percentage of Fe-Cr matrix started from 5 wt.% to 30 wt.% with 5% in increment. The sintering process was performed under controlled N2 atmosphere in a tubular microwave furnace. Determination of bulk density and porosity was done according to Standard Test Method ASTM B962 - 17, while ASTM E384 was used to determine the microhardness. Assessment of the sample was based on density, porosity, hardness and microstructure evaluation. The result show that incorporating the Al2O3 particle were significantly increase the microhardness, decrease the bulk density and increase the porosity of the in Fe-Cr composite.
      2  20
  • Publication
    Development of sustainable lightweight heat insulation panel from elastomeric and polymeric waste
    The project present about development lightweight sustainable heat insulation panel from waste material. Scrap tyres and plastic waste was used for this purpose. The fabrication process started with scrap tyres is being cut and blends into smaller pieces. Then, the pieces of the material of rubber from scrap tyres are mixed together with the plastic waste material polyethylene at different composition. The mixture of the materials is pressed together using hydraulic press machine and heat are applied to melt the material in order to create the panel by using the mould. There are few tests that are conducted to the panel to find out its weight, volume and density. In order to determine the most suitable sample among the sample, a test is carried out to each sample. This test involved the black box or wooden box and the container by using the thermocouple and probes to measure the temperature. From the both test using black box and the container, the most suitable sample that excellent in insulating the heat is the sample with the bigger composition of rubber which are sample with 95% of rubber and 5% of polyethylene polymer.
      10  1
  • Publication
    Recent advances in ergonomic posture research assessing innovations in occupational health and musculoskeletal disorder prevention
    This review paper explores recent advances in ergonomic posture research, focusing on innovations aimed at improving occupational health and preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The study covers multiple sectors, including agriculture, manual labor, healthcare, and office environments, highlighting the critical role of ergonomics in mitigating physical strain and enhancing worker well-being. Ergonomic interventions tailored to specific industries have demonstrated significant reductions in physiological strain, improved posture, and increased workplace safety and productivity. In agriculture and manual labor, ergonomic adjustments, such as redesigning operator workstations and utilizing ergonomic tools, have proven effective in reducing the physical demands placed on workers, particularly among traditionally underserved groups like female agricultural workers. In healthcare settings, research emphasizes the importance of posture in surgical and clinical environments, where static postures can lead to MSDs. Wearable technologies and real-time biofeedback systems have emerged as valuable tools for improving ergonomic awareness and reducing the physical toll on workers in these high-demand professions. Office ergonomics has also advanced with the development of dynamic seating systems and posture correction devices that encourage movement and reduce strain caused by prolonged sitting. Such innovations help prevent common MSDs, including back and neck pain, while also enhancing cognitive function and productivity in office environments. This review highlights the growing integration of technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and wearable sensors, in posture monitoring and risk assessment. These tools enable real-time feedback, improving both the accuracy of ergonomic interventions and worker safety. The review underscores the need for continued research, uniform ergonomic standards, and the implementation of tailored interventions across industries to promote healthier workplaces and reduce the prevalence of MSDs.
      15  1