Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
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Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
Official Name
Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid , Said Ahmed
Alternative Name
Ahmed, Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said
Said Ahmed, Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid
Elobaid, Mohamed Elshaikh
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57190012447
Researcher ID
R-7502-2019

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  • Publication
    Real-time drowsiness detection system for driver monitoring
    (IOP Publishing, 2020)
    M Arunasalam
    ;
    Naimah Yaakob
    ;
    Amiza Amir
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    N F Azahar
    Nowadays, the rate of road accidents due to microsleep has been alarming. During microsleep, people might doze off without realizing it. For many decades, drowsiness detection system for vehicles was not among the major concerns though it turns out as one of imperative features that could have avoid microsleep and thus should be implemented in all vehicles in order to ensure safety of drivers and other vehicles on the road. To the best of our knowledge, enforcements on driving restriction during drowsiness state is yet to be implemented. The absence of such system in the current transportation systems expose drivers to great danger especially at night because accidents are highly likely to happen at night due to drowsy and fatigue drivers. Therefore, this project proposes a real-time drowsiness detection system for vehicles, featuring ignition lock to reduce accidents. An eye blink sensor is embedded in a wearable glasses and heart beat sensor is used to detect drowsiness level of drivers. The system also includes SMS notification system to relatives or friends with location details of the drowsy driver. This project is able to detect and react based on 3 levels of drowsiness by alerting the driver through buzzer. Ignition lock will be applied when high level of drowsiness is detected. Consequently, the vehicle will be slowed down and eventually stopped when dangerous level of drowsiness is detected as a safety precaution.
  • Publication
    Overview of chameleon mechanism in B-MAC protocol for WSN
    (Learning and Library Sciences (LLS), 2020-12-15)
    Dafhalla, Alaa K.Y.
    ;
    Sid Ahmed, Nada M.O.
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    Isam, Hiba M.
  • Publication
    A cascade hyperbolic recognition of buried objects using hybrid feature extraction in ground penetrating radar images
    ( 2021-08-27)
    Hasimah Ali
    ;
    Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Zaidi
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Shuhanaz Zanar Azalan
    ;
    Tengku Amran T.S.
    ;
    Ahmad M.R.
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been acknowledged as effective nondestructive technique for imaging the subsurface. But the process of recognizing hyperbolic pattern of buried objects is subjective and mainly relies upon operator's knowledge and experience. This project proposed a hyperbolic recognition of buried objects using hybrid feature extraction in GPR subsurface mapping. In this framework, a cascade hyperbolic recognition by means of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are used as hybrid feature recognizing hyperbolic of buried objects. The rationale for an initial focus on cascade hyperbolic recognition is motivated by unique features exhibits by EMD and DWT behaviour in characterizing the hyperbolic pattern which make them particularly well suited to utilities detection in GPR. A series of experiments has been conducted on hyperbolic pattern based on hybrid features using four different geometrical shapes of cubic, cylindrical disc and spherical. Based on the results obtained, the hybrid features of IMF1+ wavelet transform (cH1) shows promising recognition rate in recognizing the hyperbolic that having different geometrical shapes of buried objects.
      1
  • Publication
    Shape Recognition of GPR Images using Hough Transform and PCA plus LDA
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Hasimah Ali
    ;
    Norfatihah Bahari
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    Siti Nurul Aqmariah Mohd Kanafiah
    ;
    Amran T.S.T.
    ;
    Jusman Y.
    Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive test used for shallow subsurface investigation such as land mine detection, mapping and locating buried utilities. In practical applications, GPR images could be noisy due to system noise, the heterogeneity of the medium, and mutual wave interactions. Hence, it is a complex task to recognize the hyperbolic pattern from GPR B-scan images. Thus, this project proposes combined shape recognition of buried objects using Hough Transform (HT) and PCA plus LDA in GPR images. The use of HT is justified because it has the property of transforming global curve detection into efficient peak detection in the Hough parameter space. Whereas PCA plus LDA tries to maximize between-class scatter while minimizing within-class scatter. In this framework, the preprocessed GPR images were extracted using HT. The extracted HT features were subjected to PCA plus LDA to map them from high into lower dimensional features. Then, the reduced PCA+LDA features were used as input to the k-NN classifier to recognize four geometrical shapes cubic, disc, and spherical of the buried objects. Based on the results obtained, the average recognition rate of reduced HT features using PCA plus LDA was achieved 85.30% thus shows a promising result.
      1
  • Publication
    Imporved MPR selection algorithm-based WS-OLSR routing protocol
    ( 2024-05-01)
    Ahmed W.K.
    ;
    Mohd Nazri Mohd Warip
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    Phak Len Al Eh Kan
    Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have become a viable technology to improve traffic flow and safety on the roads. Due to its effectiveness and scalability, the Wingsuit Search-based Optimised Link State Routing Protocol (WS-OLSR) is frequently used for data distribution in VANETs. However, the selection of MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) plays a pivotal role in WS-OLSR’s performance. This paper presents an improved MPR selection algorithm tailored to WS-OLSR, designed to enhance the overall routing efficiency and reduce overhead. The analysis found that the current OLSR protocol has problems such as redundancy of HELLO and TC message packets or failure to update routing information in time, so a WS-OLSR routing protocol based on improved-MPR selection algorithm was proposed. Firstly, factors such as node mobility and link changes are comprehensively considered to reflect network topology changes, and the broadcast cycle of node HELLO messages is controlled through topology changes. Secondly, a new MPR selection algorithm is proposed, considering link stability issues and nodes. Finally, evaluate its effectiveness in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and control message overhead. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our improved MR selection algorithm when compared to traditional approaches.
      1
  • Publication
    Feature extraction using Radon transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform for facial emotion recognition
    ( 2017-02-08)
    Hasimah Ali
    ;
    Vinothan Sritharan
    ;
    Muthusamy Hariharan
    ;
    Siti Khadijah Za'aba
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    This paper presents a new pattern framework of using Radon and wavelet transform for facial emotion recognition. The Radon transform is translation and rotation invariants, hence it preserves the variations in pixel intensities. In this work, Radon transform has been used to project the 2D image into Radon space before subjected to Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In DWT framework, the approximate coefficients (cA2) at second level decomposition are extracted and used as informative features to recognize the facial emotion. Since there are a large number of coefficients, hence the principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on the extracted features. The k-nearest neighbor classifier is adopted as classifier to classify seven (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness and surprise) facial emotions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the JAFFE database has been employed. Based on the results obtained, the proposed method demonstrates the recognition rate of 91.3%, thus it is promising.
      27  11
  • Publication
    Smart irrigation system based IoT for indoor housing farming
    ( 2024-02-08)
    Hasimah Ali
    ;
    Nidzamuddin S.A.H.S.
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    Irrigation system is widely used in agriculture sector and has significant impacts to the growth of the plantation or crops. Traditional method of irrigation system always counter problems such as time consuming, human labour cost, inefficient of water usage and monitoring challenging throughout the process. Thus to address the issues, this paper proposed the development of smart irrigation system that embedded various types of sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) platform used for monitoring plant growth. In this work, there are three module have been developed which are hardware, software and integration module of the proposed system. In hardware module, Raspberry Pi is used to calculate and process the data based on the sensors parameters. Different types of sensors have been employed such as soil moisture, humidity, temperature, ultrasonic and vision sensors. In this framework, the reading of soil moisture sensor was obtained from the base station. The Raspberry Pi will receive the information and starts to pump the water from the tank until the condition of soil moisture content is normal (i.e. reach the threshold value). In addition, the DHT22 sensor will act as the monitoring system in terms of temperature and humidity data. While, the ultrasonic sensor will send the information to the microprocessor and calculate the water level. Furthermore, the webcam vision is used for monitoring the plant growth during the day and night. While, the dripping process runs in real-time application to the plant. The microcontroller ESP8266 used to control the state of ON or OFF light bulb depending on the value of LDR sensor. Based on the results and monitoring process, the proposed smart irrigation system able to works in promising environment with real time data in which it has been monitored through the IoT platform.
      2  20
  • Publication
    Multipoint Relay Path for Efficient Topology Maintenance Algorithm in Optimized Link State Routing-Based for VANET
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Waleed Khalid Ahmed
    ;
    Mohd Nazri Mohd Warip
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    Phak Len Al Eh Kan
    The Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol employs multipoint relay (MPR) nodes to disseminate topology control (TC) messages, enabling network topology discovery and maintenance. However, this approach increases control overhead and leads to wasted network bandwidth in stable topology scenarios due to fixed flooding periods. To address these challenges, this paper presents an Efficient Topology Maintenance Algorithm (ETM-OLSR) for Enhanced Link-State Routing Protocols. By reducing the number of MPR nodes, TC message generation and forwarding frequency are minimized. Furthermore, the algorithm selects a smaller subset of TC messages based on the changes in the MPR selection set from the previous cycle, adapting to stable and fluctuating network conditions. Additionally, the sending cycle of TC messages is dynamically adjusted in response to network topology changes. Simulation results demonstrate that the ETM-OLSR algorithm effectively reduces network control overhead, minimizes end-to-end delay, and improves network throughput compared to traditional OLSR and HTR-OLSR algorithms.
      1  22
  • Publication
    GPSR Routing Performances Enhancement for VANET networks with Taguchi Optimization Mechanism
    ( 2021-07-26)
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    Dafhalla A.K.Y.
    ;
    Naimah Yaakob
    ;
    Hasimah Ali
    Routing mechanism plays an important role in the performances of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET). Hence, various routing mechanisms are proposed to enhance VANET performances, however few researches are dedicated to optimize these routing mechanisms. In this paper an optimization mechanism is proposed to improve the performances of Greedy Perimeter stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol. Design of Experiments is used along with Taguchi Optimization method to fine tune GPSR internal routing parameters against VANET network scenarios. The target of optimization in this work is set to network performances including network throughput, delay and packet delivery ration (PDR). These targets are mathematically combined to form a single optimization target. A simulation experiments are performed to evaluate VANET performances. Obtained results showed that the proposed optimization improves the VANET performances in terms of throughput, PDR and delay. Further real-time integration of Optimization and routing mechanism can improve network performances.
      1
  • Publication
    Gaining Speedup with OpenMP Schedule Type under Imbalance Workload
    ( 2023-10-06)
    Zahereel Ishwar Abdul Khalib
    ;
    Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid Said Ahmed
    ;
    Qun N.H.
    ;
    Rahman M.
    ;
    Hossen M.A.
    Despite OpenMP being the defacto standard for parallel programming on shared memory system, little is known on how its schedule type and chunk size effect the parallel performance of shared memory multicore processor. Performance analysis in the literature have overlooked the effects of different schedule type and chunk size, possibly it was simply not the focus of their research. Often, the researchers did not specify the schedule type explicitly. This has resulted in the default way of assigning the loop iterations among threads. By default, the static schedule is used and the size of chunk which is the ratio of total number of iterations to the number of threads is implemented. Contrary to above, this research proposes a guideline to select the appropriate schedule type and chunk size for achieving optimum performance on different shared memory multicore platform for balanced and imbalance workload. Three multicore technology namely Intel Core i5-2410M, AMD A12-9700P and ARM Cortex-A53 are used for this work. The speedup obtained after turning on/off certain multicore technologies and a selected number of active cores per processor is analyzed. The result of analysis enables the user to justify and exercise trade-offs in selecting OpenMP schedule type and chunk size, and also in choosing the multicore technologies to meet the desired performance gain. Results analyzed over various configurations of multicore platform and workload suggested that under certain constraint different schedule types and chunk sizes have led to better speedup.
      1  23