Analysis of an electrically induced optical waveguide in a c-axis barium titanate thin film

In this paper, we report our analysis of an electrically generated optical waveguide in a 𝑐- axis barium titanate (BTO) thin film. The waveguide consists of a BTO thin film which is sandwiched between two electrodes. The thin film forms a waveguide when a voltage difference is applied across the electrodes. It is found that the formed waveguide supports both TE and TM modes, with TM modes more tightly confined within the waveguide than TE modes. The possibility to turn the waveguide on and off simply by turning the electric field on and off may prove useful for optical switching.