Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
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Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
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Abidin, Che Zulzikrami Azner
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  • Publication
    Biotreatment of sulfonated dyestuffs with energy recovery in microbial fuel cell: Influencing parameters, kinetics, degradation pathways, mechanisms, and phytotoxicity assessment
    ( 2021-08-01)
    Tan S.M.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Y.S.
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Thung W.E.
    ;
    Teoh T.P.
    Removal of recalcitrant sulfonated dyestuff intermediates from wastewater has been an urgent challenge for environmental technologies. In this regard, the biodegradations of monoazo Methyl Orange (MO) and diazo dyes Reactive Black 5 (RB5) towards wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cell were investigated and compared through the studies on azo dye concentration, aeration, sampling points arrays, and electrode spacings. The degradation of diazo RB5 yielded higher chemical oxygen demand removal, decolourization efficiencies, and power generation over monoazo MO. The decolourization efficiency of RB5 (97.62%) increased with an increase of RB5 concentration (50 mg/L), suggesting that the system has the capability of removing higher RB5 concentration. However, contrary results were obtained with MO due to its toxicity. This study also demonstrated that the decolourization rate of diazo RB5 (0.1533 h-1) was ≈ 53% higher than monoazo MO (0.0727 h-1). The findings revealed that the degradation kinetic was remarkably influenced by the chemical structure of dye, where dye with more electron-withdrawing groups at para position are more susceptible to be reduced. Higher output voltage (568.59 mV) and power generation (108.87 mW/m2) were attained with RB5 due to electron donor availability and electron-shuttling characteristics of RB5 decolourized intermediates. Furthermore, detailed degradation pathways of MO and RB5 were presented based on the UV-vis and GC-MS results. The phytotoxicity assessment via Sorghum bicolor seeds had further verified the reduction in toxicity after the treatment of azo dyes.
  • Publication
    A hybrid photocatalytic fuel cell integrated electro-Fenton system for Amaranth dye degradation and electricity generation
    ( 2021-02-23)
    Thor S.H.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    A dual-chambered hybrid system of photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) and electro-Fenton (EF) process has become an emerging sustainable green approach for organic pollutant degradation and electricity generation. This hybrid system of PFC and EF (PFC-EF hybrid system) is an integration of two popular organic pollutants treatment methods, PFC and EF process. The double-cathodes configuration of PFC-EF hybrid system enhanced the oxygen reduction reaction reactivity in both PFC and EF. PFC-EF hybrid system with double cathodes achieved colour removal efficiencies of 86.2% and 84.7% in PFC and EF. Power density of 1.2211 μW cm-2 was obtained in this PFC-EF hybrid system. Results revealed that this PFC-EF hybrid system was effective in the Amaranth dye degradation and power production simultaneously.
      4  15
  • Publication
    Unravelling the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell for Simultaneous Binary Dyes Remediation and Bioelectricity Generation
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Tan S.M.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Wong Y.S.
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Noor N.M.
    ;
    Moncea A.
    This study was to examine the bioremediation of wastewater containing a binary mixture of methyl orange (MO) and reactive black 5 (RB5), as well as bioelectricity generation in single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC). Decolourisation performance and power density of MFC were studied with different concentrations of binary dye (25, 50 and 75 mg/L) as influent. The colour removals evaluated from the standard curve of dye against optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength were 80.40%, 70.33% and 56.99%, respectively in the three phases of study. The decolourisation extent of RB5 is comparatively higher than MO in the binary mixture, due to the presence of more sulphonate groups in the molecular geometry of RB5. The reductive cleavage of azo bond was denoted by UV spectroscopic analysis.
      1  18
  • Publication
    A sustainable photocatalytic fuel cell integrated photo-electro-Fenton hybrid system using KOH activated carbon felt cathodes for enhanced Amaranth degradation and electricity generation
    ( 2022-07-01)
    Thor S.H.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    ;
    Ong Y.P.
    ;
    Yap K.L.
    Photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) process was integrated with photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) through the connection of electrodes and the cathodes were responsible for the acceptance of electrons. In this study, potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used to activate the carbon felt (CF) to improve the oxygen reduction reaction reactivity on cathodes for effective PFC integrated PEF hybrid system (PFC-PEF system) in Amaranth removal and electricity generation simultaneously. The results revealed that KOH activated CF cathodes had improved the electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide in both PFC and PEF and contributed to decolourisation efficiencies of 99.25% (PFC) and 96.10% (PEF). The maximum power density (4.218 μW cm−2) achieved by KOH activated CF cathode was 22% higher than that of pristine CF. The results revealed that air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1 favoured the generation of more reactive species for effective Amaranth degradation under the dissolved oxygen enrichment condition. The highest decolourisation rates were respectively achieved in PFC (0.5965 h−1) and PEF (0.2919 L mg−1 h−1) at air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1.
      2  34
  • Publication
    Adopting co-metabolism strategy for optimized biotreatment of ortho-hydroxytoluene and bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cell: Transformation products and pathways
    ( 2022-10-01)
    Tan S.M.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Y.S.
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Teoh T.P.
    ;
    Yap K.L.
    This study investigated the effects of carbon source availability and concentrations, external loads (Rload), and cathode conditions on the overall removal rate of ortho-hydroxytoluene and bioelectricity generation characteristics in anti-gravity flow microbial fuel cell (AGF-MFC) through co-metabolism approach. Sodium acetate outperformed sucrose, glucose and carbamide, and the optimum influent acetate concentration (1000 mg L−1) significantly enhanced the o-hydroxytoluene degradation by 13.41 % (98.71 %), output voltage by 15.14 % (609.25 mV) and power generation by 30.96 % (159.44 mW m−2). The results demonstrated that there were prominent differences in MFC performances under different Rload (p < 0.05). Different external load conditions resulted in varying electron transfer reactions, and thus affecting the removal efficiency and power responses of MFC system. A complete removal of o-hydroxytoluene and highest power density of 173.10 mW m−2, with a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of 93.56 % were obtained with the Rload of 230 Ω, where the Rload approaches the cell design point. Hysteresis phenomenon was detected in the dynamic polarization during Rload variations. Moreover, it was observed that the removal efficiency of o-hydroxytoluene was significantly enhanced with aeration rate of 50 mL min−1, and dissolved oxygen concentration of 5.4 mg L−1. Conversely, higher aeration rate (400 mL min−1) had caused a decline of 26 % in power generation, ascribed to the limited active surface area for oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, the degradation pathway of o-hydroxytoluene was proposed based on the identified intermediates.
      1  12
  • Publication
    Sustainable utilization of anthraquinone-rich Rheum officinale as electron shuttle in microbial fuel cell: Strategy for stimulating monohydric phenols degradation and bioelectricity generation
    ( 2023-11-01)
    Tan S.M.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    In an aim to completely degrade refractory phenolic compounds for effective wastewater treatment, a sustainable strategy using anthraquinone-rich herbal plant contents as electron shuttles is presented. This study is the first attempt of treating four different chemical structures of monohydric phenols, while simultaneously generate low-carbon electricity in a microbial fuel cell. An electron shuttle-mediated strategy was introduced to investigate the effect of electron shuttle against the degradation of phenolic pollutants and bioelectricity generation, by employing Rheum officinale extract as electron shuttle. Results revealed that there was a two-fold increase in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, degradation extent of phenol and cresol isomers, output voltage and power density of MFC, compared to the mediator-free MFC system. The degradation of phenol yielded higher COD removal, degradation efficiency, output voltage and power generation over cresol isomers, with and without the application of electron shuttle. A complete removal of COD and phenol, with output voltage of 620.06 mV and power density of 252.49 mW/m2 were obtained. Phenol outperformed cresol isomers with regard to its sole activating hydroxy (−OH) group, lower dipole moment and higher electronic conductivity (8.53 mS/cm). Conversely, meta-cresol exhibited the lowest removal efficiency and power generation, ascribed to greater inductive influence of methyl group in meta position on the dissociation energy of the − OH group. Moreover, detection of the phenolic intermediates by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis was conducted, and detailed degradation pathways were presented.
      21  1
  • Publication
    Discovering the roles of electrode distance and configuration in dye degradation and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell integrated electro-Fenton process
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Thor S.H.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    ;
    Nordin N.
    ;
    Ong Y.P.
    ;
    Yap K.L.
    Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) integrated electro-Fenton (EF) system (PFC-EF system) was considered as an eco-friendly approach for dye degradation and electricity generation simultaneously. The modification on configuration of PFC-EF system was aimed to improve the dye degradation and power output. Effect of electrode distance on the efficiency of PFC-EF system was investigated as it was a crucial factor in the mass transfer of ions in PFC-EF system. Closer electrode distance reduced the resistance flow of ions and enhanced the mass transfer of ions between the electrodes in both PFC and EF, eventually yielded higher concentration of reactive species for removal of dye. Four different electrode configurations by varying the number of cathodes in PFC and EF were investigated to discover the most efficient operating configuration for this PFC-EF system. The dye decolourization rate was evaluated and compared by using pseudo-first order and second order in both PFC and EF system, respectively. Results revealed that single cathode PFC-EF system was the most effective configuration in dye degradation while double cathodes PFC-EF system was the optimal configuration to be used for power output.
      30  1
  • Publication
    Discovering the roles of electrode distance and configuration in dye degradation and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell integrated electro-Fenton process
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Thor S.H.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    ;
    Nordin N.
    ;
    Ong Yong Por
    ;
    Yap Kea Lee
    Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) integrated electro-Fenton (EF) system (PFC-EF system) was considered as an eco-friendly approach for dye degradation and electricity generation simultaneously. The modification on configuration of PFC-EF system was aimed to improve the dye degradation and power output. Effect of electrode distance on the efficiency of PFC-EF system was investigated as it was a crucial factor in the mass transfer of ions in PFC-EF system. Closer electrode distance reduced the resistance flow of ions and enhanced the mass transfer of ions between the electrodes in both PFC and EF, eventually yielded higher concentration of reactive species for removal of dye. Four different electrode configurations by varying the number of cathodes in PFC and EF were investigated to discover the most efficient operating configuration for this PFC-EF system. The dye decolourization rate was evaluated and compared by using pseudo-first order and second order in both PFC and EF system, respectively. Results revealed that single cathode PFC-EF system was the most effective configuration in dye degradation while double cathodes PFC-EF system was the optimal configuration to be used for power output.
      2  22
  • Publication
    A sustainable photocatalytic fuel cell integrated photo-electro-Fenton hybrid system using KOH activated carbon felt cathodes for enhanced Amaranth degradation and electricity generation
    ( 2022-07-01)
    Thor Shen Hui
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    ;
    Ong Yong Por
    ;
    Yap Kea Lee
    Photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) process was integrated with photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) through the connection of electrodes and the cathodes were responsible for the acceptance of electrons. In this study, potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used to activate the carbon felt (CF) to improve the oxygen reduction reaction reactivity on cathodes for effective PFC integrated PEF hybrid system (PFC-PEF system) in Amaranth removal and electricity generation simultaneously. The results revealed that KOH activated CF cathodes had improved the electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide in both PFC and PEF and contributed to decolourisation efficiencies of 99.25% (PFC) and 96.10% (PEF). The maximum power density (4.218 μW cm−2) achieved by KOH activated CF cathode was 22% higher than that of pristine CF. The results revealed that air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1 favoured the generation of more reactive species for effective Amaranth degradation under the dissolved oxygen enrichment condition. The highest decolourisation rates were respectively achieved in PFC (0.5965 h−1) and PEF (0.2919 L mg−1 h−1) at air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1.
      1
  • Publication
    Advanced oxidation treatment of amaranth dye synchronized with electricity generation using carbon-based cathodes in a sustainable photocatalytic fuel cell integrated electro-fenton system
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Thor S.H.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    ;
    Nordin N.
    ;
    Ong Y.P.
    ;
    Yap K.L.
    Cathodes are key components in the photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) integrated electro-Fenton (EF) system (PFC-EF system) as they play significant role in connecting PFC and EF for the external transfer of electrons. In this study, three ubiquitous carbon-based materials (carbon felt (CF), carbon plate (CP) and carbon cloth (CC) were used as cathodes in the PFC-EF system to explore the efficiency of these materials in Amaranth degradation and electricity generation synchronously. Interestingly, the dye decolourisation efficiency in both PFC and EF decreased in the sequence of CF > CP > CC. The highest concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.289 mM) was electro-generated on CF in the EF process of the integrated system. CF achieved the highest voltage output of 202.6 mV and maximum power density (Pmax) of 3.560 μW cm-2, which was 2.5-fold and 12.1-fold higher than that of CP and CC, respectively. The photolysis reaction of UV contributed to the higher oxidizing power of PFC integrated photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) system in dye degradation compared with that of the existing PFC-EF system. Enhanced decolourisation efficiencies of 98.97% and 96.46% were respectively achieved in PFC and PEF with Pmax of 4.017 μW cm-2.
      1  25