Zulkarnay Zakaria
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Preferred name
Zulkarnay Zakaria
Official Name
Zulkarnay, Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Z. N.
Zakaria, Zulkarnay
Zakaria, Z.
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Scopus Author ID
24403085300
Researcher ID
F-5218-2010

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  • Publication
    Computed Tomography Virtual Lab Software application in Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme at University Malaysia Perlis
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2010-06-09)
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang
    ;
    Nur Farahiyah Mohamad
    ;
    Azaian Azamimi Abdullah
    ;
    Ruzairi Abdul Rahim
    Computed Tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method and is among the common equipment or machine in a hospital which is vital in imaging certain parts of human body for the purpose of screening and detecting of deceases like cancers, tumors and several others by producing characteristics of the internal structure of the object such as dimensions, shape, internal defects, and density. CT is a powerful nondestructive technique for producing cross sectional image 2D or 3D depends on the technologies applied. Since its introduction in the 1970s, CT has become an important tool in medical imaging to supplement Xrays and medical ultrasonography. In University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Computed Tomography and Applications has been offered as an elective course in Biomedical Electronic Engineering Programme. In this course, the student are introduced to the Computed Tomography Virtual Lab Software which has been developed by Tomographic Imaging Research Group, School of Mechatronic Engineering, UniMAP in 2009 as part of the teaching aids. Through this approached, the course are more attractive and the students are found easier in understanding the concept of basic tomography system, image reconstruction process, limitations and several possible of error sources.
  • Publication
    Feasibility analysis of microwave frequency to detect wood for potential microwave application
    ( 2017-03-13)
    Thomas W.K.T.
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Soh Ping Jack
    ;
    Ruzairi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Vernoon Ang Wei Neing
    ;
    Lean Thiam Siow
    Microwave frequency has the potential to assist and improve forest product industry in terms of quality and quantity. Consequently, it has been selected to perform non-destructive inspection on wood which is defected or contains resin internally. This paper describes an experiment to determine the relationship between the attenuation of microwave signals and the different diameters of the holes in tree trunks. This analysis can be used as a reference for an optimal setup for a new microwave tomography aimed at the inspection of valuable wood trunks.
      2  29
  • Publication
    A comprehensive review of the recent developments in wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices
    ( 2022-10-01)
    Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim
    ;
    Norhayati Sabani
    ;
    Shazlina Johari
    ;
    Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
    ;
    Asnida Abdul Wahab
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte’s response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.
      1  39
  • Publication
    An Overview of Medical Applications in Meningitis Detection
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Abdulrahman Ahmed A.
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Hamood Ali M.
    ;
    Pusppanathan J.
    ;
    Zarina Mohd Mhji S.
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Muhamad Khairul Ali Hassan
    ;
    Muhammad Juhairi Aziz Safar
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    Meningitis remains one of the common infections among young children with high morbidity and mortality rates. In Southeast Asian, only few studies were reported published which evaluated meningitis clinically in the last two decades. Similarly, few studies in Malaysia evaluated meningitis among adolescents and children. Globally, more than one million cases with 135,000 deaths has been recorded yearly, and in Malaysia, severe neurological complications occurs in 9-25% of cases which affirms the most serious risk manifests from bacterial meningitis. Therefore, early detection and effective treatment are required before the irreversible damages occur. This paper reviews the current states and perspectives of diagnostic techniques on meningitis detection. Currently, there are three diagnostic techniques available for meningitis detection, such as blood cultures, spinal tap (lumbar puncture), and imaging techniques (CT scan, MRI, EIT, Ultrasonography, Nuclear imaging and X-ray). However, these techniques have limitations that may limit the chances of carrying out the early detection of the disease. The essence of this review is that meningitis requires an effective technique that is capable of carrying out the early detection of the disease by differentiating normal people and Meningitis infected patients so as to promote longevity worldwide. In this review magnetic induction tomography (MIT) technique is proposed to diagnose meningitis earlier as it is non-intrusive, non-invasive, contactless, and electrode-less imaging technique which does not expose the patients to a harmful radiation.
      32  6
  • Publication
    Design and evaluation of Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy probe for pH measurement in fetal hypoxia using COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Zakaria M.H.
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Aiman Abdulrahman Ahmed
    ;
    Ahmad Nasrul Norali
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Jaysuman Bin Pusppanathan
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Siti Zarina Mohd Muji
    ;
    Ruzairi Abdul Rahim
    Fetal Blood Sampling (FBS) is the term used to describe the current method of monitoring the foetal condition within the mother’s womb. FBS required the medical officer to make a small incision on the foetus’s head in order to collect blood for analysis of the blood pH level in order to prevent acidosis or foetal hypoxia. The FBS method, on the other hand, is invasive and increases the risk of infection for both mother and child. Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy (MIS) is a novel method for diagnosing the foetus’s pH level that is non-invasive and non-intrusive. A single channel MIS system is composed of a transmitter (TX), a receiver (RX), and an electrical circuit that generates and receives magnetic fields in response to the conductivity of the sample (blood) due to the presence of weak electrolytes (H+ and OH-). The purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate five different designs of TX-RX coils. The coils are designed using the Planar Zero Flow Coil (PZFC) concept, which allows for multiple coil configurations and input-output configurations. The results show that Design 2 open set model was the optimal coil design for MIS system probe, as well as some contributions to the pH evaluation process.
      3  40
  • Publication
    Modelling of ultrasound tomography technique for Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy (GFRE) composites liquid transportation pipeline
    ( 2017-03-13)
    Lean Thiam Siow
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Ruzairi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Thomas W.K.T.
    ;
    Vernoon Ang Wei Neng
    The purpose of this paper is to model the ultrasonic tomography on the E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite pipe for process monitoring and control. Finite element software and mathematical estimation were applied to model and study the ultrasound wave propagation, especially the reflection and transmission coefficient. While there is a significant result achieved between mathematical estimation and finite element analysis with maximum percentage distinctly in 2.33.
      2  28
  • Publication
    Small Scale Non-Invasive Imaging Using Magnetic Induction Tomography - Hardware Design
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Mansor M.S.B.
    ;
    Rahim R.A.
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Ayob N.M.N.
    ;
    Yunus Y.M.
    ;
    Ahmad A.
    This study is conducted to preliminary image the conductivity profile through the development of small scale non-invasive Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) system. It is proved that the Magnetic Induction Tomography interested in mapping the passive electrical properties of materials; conductivity (σ), permittivity (ε) and permeability (µ) in both process and medical tomography. The system is realized by designing the functional ferrite-core coil sensors, electronic measurements circuits for excitation and receiving coil, data acquisition system for transferring the data to the PC and suitable image reconstruction algorithm for providing the conductivity distributions measurement. The important characteristic for excitation coil is the one that can maintain the stability the optimum sine wave frequency ranging from 400 kHz up to 10 MHz. The sine waves are fed to the excitation coil through the application of high current amplifier component respectively. In the experiments, the copper phantom represent as high conductivity material were placed into the region of interest. The initial 16 channels MIT consists of 8 excitation coils and 8 receiving coils stacked alternately. On the receiving circuit, the major problem is the weak secondary signal perturbation sensed by the receiving coil has been improved by placing the variable amplifier on each receiver. The enhancement of conductivity profile imaging has been made by using a common Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm. The measurement was done on single and dual arrangement of copper phantom aligns in random coordinate so that the sensitivity of the excitation and receiving coil sensor can be experimentally observed. The imaging's results show that the hardware's and algorithm used was capable to process the data captured at the receiver. The results obtained can be useful for further improvement and research towards magnetic induction tomography.
      3  25