Zarina Zakaria
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Preferred name
Zarina Zakaria
Official Name
Zarina, Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Zarina
Main Affiliation
Researcher ID
36459339400

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Publication
    Protein extraction of Momordica Charantia seed assisted by ultrasound extraction
    (Springer, 2023)
    Muhamad Ikmal Sirozi
    ;
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Amin Zainal Abidin
    ;
    Norhidayah Abd Aziz
    ;
    Siti Aminah Mohd Hassan
    ;
    Zarina Zakaria
    The Momordica charantia is a tropical and subtropical plant with high nutritional value that has been implemented in traditional folk medicine as an antifungal, antimutagenic, Anthelmintic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent. The seeds contain rich source of antifungal protein that can be explored to be used against various fungus disease. In this study, the antifungal protein was extracted by using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) via one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique with following the parameter sodium chloride, NaCl concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 M), solute ratio (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/mL) and extraction time (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 min). After extraction, the extract was further centrifuged and assayed by standard Bradford method before analysing the protein content at 595 nm. The result shows the optimum conditions for protein content is 6.445 mg/mL achieved after treatment with 1.5 M NaCl, 1w;10v (g/mL) in 10 min with p-value < 0.01 from each of parameter. Results showed that Momordica charantia seed had desired protein source with optimal parameter and promising antifungal bioresources with prospective applications in food and other industries.
  • Publication
    Optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for phenolic content in Momordica Charantia seeds and its antifungal activity against Pleurotus Ostreatus Green Mold Pathogen
    (Springer, 2023-09)
    Norhidayah Abd Aziz
    ;
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Nur Umi Masjida Ahmad Fauzi
    ;
    Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
    ;
    Muhamad Ikmal Sirozi
    ;
    Zarina Zakaria
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Amira Farzana Samat
    Phenolic compounds from fruits and plant parts showed several biological properties such as antifungal activity. This study reports the optimized conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) extraction from Momordica charantia seeds using ultrasound-assisted extraction and its antifungal activity against Pleurotus pulmonarius green mold (GM) pathogens. Using water as solvent, a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed involving three independent factors including liquid to solid ratio (LSR) (10:1–60:1), pH (3.0–9.0), and extraction time (2–8 min). ANOVA suggested only parameters of pH and LSR were significant to produce TPC yield of 166.7 mg GAE/g, at optimized conditions of pH9.0 and LSR 10:1. The antifungal activity of optimized momordica seed extract (MSE) was tested against P. pulmonarius GM pathogens; Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum. MSE presented antifungal activities against all tested strains, in a dose and strain-dependent manner. The highest growth inhibition was achieved when using 2.5 ml of extract for both Trichoderma sp. and P. citrinum with 63.1% and 89.2% inhibition, respectively. Meanwhile, 3.5 ml of extract was needed to achieve 79% inhibition on A. flavus. Conclusively, the use of non-toxic green solvent such as water, assisted with ultrasound power, is useful to produce MSE with antifungal activities as an alternative approach to chemical fungicides for the protection of grey oyster mushroom from GM pathogen.
  • Publication
    Soil Macrofauna abundance in the intercropping of Mangifera Indica with aromatic plants
    ( 2023-12)
    Iqbal Usamah
    ;
    Lee Yit Leng
    ;
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norawanis Abdul Razak
    ;
    Zarina Zakaria
    ;
    Ras Izzati Ismail
    ;
    Nur Lailina Makhtar
    Soil macrofauna such as earthworms, beetles, ants, and centipedes are an important aspect of soil health as they help in the breakdown of plant residue to provide natural resources such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous into the soil. Monocropping practice uses heavy machinery, pesticides, and herbicides to maintain farm productivity, which negatively impacts soil macrofauna abundance. Thus, intercropping is a sustainable practice for farmers to maintain soil health with the minimal use of external input, which can do more harm to the soil ecosystem over a long period of time. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of intercropping mango with pandan and lemongrass on soil macrofauna density compared to mango monocrop. The field experiment consisted of mango, mango-pandan intercrops, and mango-lemongrass intercrops. Soil macrofauna was assessed using the tropical soil biology and fertility (TSBF) monolith method. The result showed that intercropping of mango-lemongrass and mango-pandan had higher soil macrofauna density compared with mango monocrop due to the presence of intercrops providing more natural resources and a better soil environment for soil macrofauna to grow and reproduce. However, further long-term research is needed to reinforce these findings.
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  • Publication
    Growth revival of grey oyster (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) powder culture mushroom from the effect of spray drying temperature
    (Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2024)
    Zarina Zakaria
    ;
    Fatihah Aziz
    ;
    Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip
    ;
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    In mushroom cultivation, spawn is among the most important factors that ensure a successful production. Considering several drawbacks from both solid and liquid spawn in shelf life and preservation matters, it is suggested that the dry powder form of spawn is a good potential to explore. A study of powder culture formation using a spray dryer involved various inlet temperatures of 80 ⁰C, 90 ⁰C, 100 ⁰C, 110 ⁰C, 120 ⁰C and 130 ⁰C. The yield % of the dried powder culture was measured and it was found that 130 ⁰C yielded the highest percentage of 50.33%. The lowest temperature yielded the lowest percentage. On the other hand, the lowest temperature of 80 oC revived the highest mycelium dry weight at 1.68 g which was obtained on the 10th day of the incubation periods. The revival ability was decreased with the increase of temperature. The study proved that the powder culture of P. pulmonarius was able to perform and revive whereby it holds a potential to be preserved over a longer period, which is beneficial for the mushroom cultivator.