Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Publication
    Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Varied Cross-Sectional Areas in Sleep Apnea Individuals across Diverse Situations
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition that impacts a significant portion of the population. To better understand this condition, research has been conducted on inhaling and exhaling breathing airflow parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach and an SST turbulence model have been utilized to simulate the upper airway airflow. A 3D airway model has been created using advanced software such as the Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS. The aim of the research was to fill this gap by conducting a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the influence of cross-sectional areas on airflow characteristics during inhale and exhale breathing in OSA patients. The lack of detailed understanding of how the cross-sectional area of the airways affects OSA patients and the airflow dynamics in the upper airway is the primary problem addressed by this research. The simulations revealed that the cross-sectional area of the airway has a notable impact on velocity, Reynolds number, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). TKE, which measures turbulence flow in different breathing scenarios among patients, could potentially be utilized to assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This research found a vital correlation between maximum pharyngeal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and cross-sectional areas in OSA patients, with a variance of 29.47%. Reduced cross-sectional area may result in a significant TKE rise of roughly 10.28% during inspiration and 10.18% during expiration.
  • Publication
    SANDBLASTING POST-PROCESSING ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE OF FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATIONS PARTS
    Sandblasting is a post-processing process that is required to improve the surface due to the layered nature of fused filament fabrication parts. This paper presents preliminary work based on full factorial design of experiment, considering pressure (100 kPa and 700 kPa), time (10 s and 120 s), distance (10 mm and 370 mm) and aluminium oxide abrasive which is 106 µm and 29.5 µm of particles size as the input factors. The effect of the parameters on the surface roughness (Sa) for flat and curve surface, material usage and energy consumption allow were analysed. The result shows that both Sa for flat and Sa curve surface were highly influenced by the abrasive particles size and time with the highest changes of Sa for flat and curve reaches up to 2.825 µm and 6.090 µm respectively. This study provides information on how sandblasting parameters should be selected in improving surface quality and resource usage.
  • Publication
    Conceptual design and computational analysis of traditional boat passenger seat
    ( 2020-11-02)
    Hasbullah M.H.
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    Zakaria N.A.
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    ; ; ;
    Nordin N.
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    Deraman A.S.
    Todays, there are various of optimisation methods that have been studied by many researchers in order to find the appropriate combination of processing parameters setting in the injection moulding process. From the previous literatures, the optimisation works have been proven will improve the moulded part quality. In this study, the application of optimisation work to improve warpage of front panel housing has been explored. By selecting cooling time, coolant temperature, packing pressure and melt temperature as the variable parameters, design of experiment (DOE) have been constructed by using the rotatable central composite design (CCD) approach. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed in order to define the optimal processing parameters setting which will optimise the warpage condition. Based on the results, melt temperature is the most significant factor contribute to the warpage condition and warpage have optimised by 47.1% after optimisation. The findings show that the application of optimisation work offers the best quality of moulded part produced.
  • Publication
    Design and structural analysis of 3D-printed modular furniture joints
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Aiman A.F.
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    Sanusi H.
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    ;
    Cheong H.Y.
    Modular furniture joint defined as a connection used to connect two or more wood pieces to produce furniture with multiple functions. Notofusy furniture joint made from plywood was less expensive. However, during the manufacturing process, it was occasionally caused tear-out of wood fibre. Therefore, this research has been carried out to investigate and compare the existing material and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) fabrication method on the designed modular furniture joint. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of elasto-plastic method from ABAQUS CAE software and three-point bending test were used to evaluate the structural analysis of designed modular furniture joint. In this research, the final concept selected was able to withstand load up to 730 kg and it only weights 113.59 g. The long-term goal for this research was to evaluate the possibility of producing end products using FDM technology. It was found that FDM contributed to cost effective in low volume production. In this research, the material focused were Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETG). However, future studies can be conducted to evaluate the possibility of using other 3D printing materials.
  • Publication
    Full Factorial Design Exploration Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization on the (FDM) 3D Printed Part
    ( 2020-09-21) ; ;
    Soon Lee W.
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    Gunalan
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    Fatin Najihah N.
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    Fadhli I.
    In the manufacturing industry, especially in automotive, quality, precision and productivity on the part that produces is crucial. 3D Printing technology offers a significant advantage to the manufacturer because its ability to produce complex geometry and low-cost investment risk compared with injection moulding. However, there are several issues of using this technology in mass scale and of the issue is dimensional accuracy. In this study, the application of optimisation approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has employed on 3D Printed bottom housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer in order to minimise shrinkage on 3D printed parts. Based on the optimisation work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
  • Publication
    Shrinkage optimisation on the 3D printed part using Full Factorial Design (FFD) optimisation approach
    ( 2020-12-18) ; ;
    Lee W.S.
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    Gunalan
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    Najihah N.F.
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    Fadhli I.
    Quality and productivity are both important in 3D printing products and processes. However, it is quite challenging to control the quality and productivity of each product due to several parameters involved in this additive manufacturing process. Most of the parameter settings depend on trial and error techniques which consume a lot of time and material waste. Therefore, in this study, the application of optimization approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has been employed on 3D printed housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer to minimize shrinkage on the 3D printed parts. Based on the optimization work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
  • Publication
    Feasibility study of FDM 3D printing fabrication process for customized automotive front grille
    In recent years, many automakers starting to adopt 3D printing technologies in producing functional end parts. In line with the industrial revolution (IR4.0), this technology plays a significant role in improving the component's cost efficiency, especially in the low volume market. Nevertheless, these technologies facing several challenges such as surface quality and dimensional accuracy that hinder their progress. A feasibility study was conducted to investigate the influence of process parameters on the surface finish and dimensional accuracy when producing automotive component. The automotive front grille component has been chosen as a case study, and Full factorial design (FFF) optimisation approach was employed to the part fabricated by FDM 3D Printing technology to improve the surface finish dimensional accuracy of the parts. Based on the results, layer height and infill percentage are the most significant factors in the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the 3D printed part. Findings from this research show that process parameters optimisation improves dimensional accuracy, but post-processing is still required to enhance the part's surface finish.
  • Publication
    Chemical coating techniques to enhance the surface quality of 3D printing (FDM) part: A short review
    The staircase effect describes the overall print surface roughness indicated through the layer by layer of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), also known as the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process. Due to the poor surface finish, post-processing can improve the aesthetic effect. The different post-processing procedures for FDM parts are classified as material removal and material addition. This paper reviews four types of material addition methods based on chemical coating post-processing techniques; gap filling, coating spray, plating, and water transfer printing of based on production time, cost and related environmental issues. From the review, spray coating generally is cost-effective and less hazardous to the environment. The paper presents a benchmark between the available material addition techniques as a post-processing step for the FDM printed parts.