Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
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Preferred name
Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
Official Name
Basaruddin, Khairul Salleh
Alternative Name
Basaruddin, Khairul S.
Basaruddin, K
Bin Basaruddin, Khairul Salleh
Basaruddin, K. S.
Khairul, Salleh B.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
54683507500
Researcher ID
I-8478-2019

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  • Publication
    Correlation between postural stability and lower extremity joint reaction forces in young adults during incline and decline walking
    (MDPI, 2023)
    Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul Yamin
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Muhammad Farzik Ijaz
    ;
    Hiroshi Takemura
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Mat Som
    ;
    Muhammad Nazrin Shah Shahrol Aman
    Postural stability may be affected during slope walking, as there are different body kinetics and kinematic responses compared with level walking. Understanding body adaptations toward different inclinations is essential to prevent the risk of injury from falls or slips. This study was conducted to determine the correlations between stability parameters and loading response in terms of joint reaction force at the lower-extremity joints during inclined and declined walking. Twenty male subjects walked in the level, incline, and decline directions on a custom-built platform at three different slope angles (i.e., 5°, 7.5°, and 10°). To determine the ground reaction force (GRF), joint reaction force (JRF), center of pressure (COP), and center of mass (COM), a motion capture system was used to read the data of the ten reflective markers and transfer them to visual three-dimensional (3D) software. Pearson’s correlation test was performed with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 to evaluate the correlation of the required coefficient of friction (RCOF), postural stability index (PSI), and COP-COM distance with the JRF. This study has identified that the JRF changes in opposition to the changes in the RCOF during the initial strike during incline and decline walking, as JRF increases, the RCOF decreases with different strengths of correlation. There is also a strong positive correlation between the PSI and JRF in the proximal–distal direction, where the JRFs change in accordance with the change in the PSI, and the JRF increases with the increment of PSI. In addition, the JRF of the lower extremity also changed in a manner similar to the COP-COM distance in the medial–lateral direction. Overall, each stability parameter was correlated with the JRF of the lower-extremity joints in different directions and strengths. This study demonstrated that slope walking is particularly affected by surface inclination in terms of stability and loading. Therefore, this research can serve as a basis for future studies on slopes, as there is no specific basis for a maximum degree of inclination that is safe and suitable for all applications.
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of a synthetic paediatric spine for biomechanical investigation
    (MDPI, 2023)
    Nor Amalina Muhayudin
    ;
    Muhammad Farzik Ijaz
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    Studies on paediatric spines commonly use human adult or immature porcine spines as specimens, because it is difficult to obtain actual paediatric specimens. There are quite obvious differences, such as geometry, size, bone morphology, and orientation of facet joint for these specimens, compared to paediatric spine. Hence, development of synthetic models that can behave similarly to actual paediatric spines, particularly in term of range of motion (ROM), could provide a significant contribution for paediatric spine research. This study aims to develop a synthetic paediatric spine using finite element modelling and evaluate the reliability of the model by comparing it with the experimental data under certain load conditions. The ROM of the paediatric spine was measured using a validated FE model at ±0.5 Nm moment in order to determine the moment required by the synthetic spine to achieve the same ROM. The results showed that the synthetic spine required two moments, ±2 Nm for lateral-bending and axial rotation, and ±3 Nm for flexion-extension, to obtain the paediatric ROM. The synthetic spine was shown to be stiffer in flexion-extension but more flexible in lateral bending than the paediatric FE model, possibly as a result of the intervertebral disc’s simplified shape and the disc’s weak bonding with the vertebrae. Nevertheless, the synthetic paediatric spine has promising potential in the future as an alternative paediatric spine model for biomechanical investigation of paediatric cases.
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