Now showing 1 - 10 of 144
  • Publication
    The improvement of assembly process and environmental impact using the integration of DFMA and sustainable design analysis approach: Case study of spotlight
    ( 2021-07-21) ; ; ;
    Ahmad S.A.S.
    ;
    Muslim M.M.
    ;
    Sharifhudin M.A.
    ;
    Khiruzzaki K.F.
    ;
    Nordin N.
    This investigation analyses spotlight components to reduce the necessary amount and explore the potential to enhance the sustainable design. The DFMA and Sustainability design considerations for manufacturing assemblies were used and incorporated in this work. DFMA outcome displays that components were reduced while the LCA showed that weight, carbon footprint, acidification of the air, water eutrophication and overall energy consumption were reduced. This new approach is essential for demonstrating the efficiency of both tools used to reduce the cost of spotlight manufacture and enhance the sustainable aspects of product design.
  • Publication
    Redesign of bahulu production layout to improve the efficiency of process flow
    This research presents the optimum efficiency improvement of process flow by redesigned the production layout using facility planning methods in a company producing traditional cakes which are bahulu that currently have bottleneck issue, inefficient flow and unnecessary excess movement between activities. The objectives of this study to improve the current plant layout by redesigned it with increasing the production efficiency and productivity of the company. To achieve this aim, there are several layouts generated using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and Graph-Based Theory (GBT) and the Efficiency Rate (ER) of each layout was calculated. The layout with the highest rate was then selected and validated by using WITNESS software. The result showed that the ER of the selected layout improved from 74.49% to 93.40% and also increased the productivity and reduced the processing time up to 10%. The described case study will show how the efficiency and productivity of a real manufacturing system can be improved by redesign layout.
  • Publication
    Application of response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm in minimizing warpage on side arm
    The plastic injection moulding process produces large numbers of parts of high quality with great accuracy and quickly. It has widely used for production of plastic part with various shapes and geometries. Side arm is one of the product using injection moulding to manufacture it. However, there are some difficulties in adjusting the parameter variables which are mould temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time as there are warpage happen at the tip part of side arm. Therefore, the work reported herein is about minimizing warpage on side arm product by optimizing the process parameter using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and with additional artificial intelligence (AI) method which is Genetic Algorithm (GA).
  • Publication
    Reliable method and multistage process involved in the production of activated carbon based on raw material-a systematic review
    (IOP PUblishing Ltd., 2020)
    S Muzarpaar
    ;
    A M Leman
    ;
    K A Rahman
    ;
    Activated carbon AC) has versatile usage in the modern days for water treatment, air filtration and for multipurpose adsorption. Carbonaceous material with highly developed porosity known as AC after some process took place. AC also known as artificial materials characterized by the high surface area and the extensive surface chemistry. Significant adsorptive properties of the materials according to extensive surface chemistry which are responsible for the surface properties. Nowadays, AC are widely used in a large range of applications, for example medical uses, catalysis, gas storage, removal of pollutants and odors, gas separation and purification. Important Character for based materials of AC, it must accessible, affordable price, and with valorization potential in agricultural residues and industrial base. The most important raw materials for the production of AC is lignocellulosic materials. Over the time researcher around the world conducting research to improvised and perfecting the method for producing the AC. The aim of this paper is to critical review the reliable method for AC production. The process involved in the production of activated were pre-carbonization process (PCP), carbonization process (CP), and activation process (AP). Carbonization either using furnace or microwave. For AP, there are two main activation used namely chemical activation CA) and physical activation (PA). However there also combination of chemical and physical activation which called physiochemical activation (PCA).
  • Publication
    Mechanical and physical properties of desktop stereolithography 3D printing materials
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Aznizam Ahmad
    ;
    Md Saidin Wahab
    ;
    Khairu Kamarudin
    ;
    L. W. Shun
    ;
    Haffidzudin Hehsan
    ;
    ;
    Farahiyah Mustafa
    ;
    Salwa Mahmood
    Stereolithography (SLA) is a form of 3D printing technology in additive manufacturing (AM) that uses a light source either a laser or a projector to cure photosensitive resins into hardened plastics to create objects based on the 3D file format. Material properties are an important aspect in engineering so that suitable materials can be determined for a certain application. In this study, related specimens were fabricated using high temp (HT) SLA resin with different layer thicknesses to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties namely tensile strength, impact resistance, hardness, and density. Based on the experimental results, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for high temp resin with layer thickness (LT) of 100 µm was better than LT setting of 25 µm with values of 72.84 MPa and 66.82 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the impact resistance values obtained from the test showed HT resin with 50 µm LT of printed notched specimens (PN) produced higher impact resistance than machine notched (MN) specimens with values of 22.866 J/m and 15.685 J/m. The hardness readings obtained from the 8 mm specimen thickness for 50 µm LT and 100 µm LT were 87.5 Shore D and 86.4 Shore D. Obviously, thicker specimen thickness result in slightly higher hardness measurements, but the difference was not large. The density values for 100 µm LT and 50 µm LT were 1.2114 g/cm3 and 1.2047 g/cm3, respectively. When compared with the uncured resin, the density of the post-cured condition was slightly denser. Based on the findings, the layer thickness was an important factor that can contribute to the properties of the material. In addition, the stereolithography post-curing process also has an influence on the mechanical properties. Comparisons made with an industrial-grade resin also show that desktop SLA that use high temp resins are considered capable of producing parts comparable to the quality produced by industrial-grade SLA machines.
  • Publication
    A study of new washing process which combines deflection and abrasion action
    This study aimed to determine the optimum washing of laboratory washing model that design to stimulate the active washing process and passive commercial washing machine are compared in order to determine the best washing result. Variables of the study include water speed, washing time and radial nozzle inclination angle. The rotational system of an automatic washing machine has two major technical difficulties. One is the collision of the tub against the frame at the beginning of its early spinning stage. A factor that causes such instability of the rotational object can be attributed to the deflection of the liquid inside the liquid balancer due to the unbalance mass. Proposed a new washing technology and new design of the washing machine can be as a base of its new type. These machines have better outcome data; improve quality of washing process and effective use of washing liquid. New washing machine is simple design, does not have rotary parts at all and uses active process of washing process with squeezing of linens and more productive then known washing machines. Also, this machine can recycle and feed cleaned washing liquid. Additionally, in use of ultrasonic technology of washing process, new machine today will be perfect design.
  • Publication
    Sustainable geopolymer adsorbents utilizing silica fume as a partial replacement for metakaolin in the removal of copper ion from synthesized copper solution
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025-07)
    Pilomeena Arokiasamy
    ;
    ;
    Eva Arifi
    ;
    ;
    Md Azree Othuman Mydin
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    ;
    Shafiq Ishak
    Biochar has great significance for controlling heavy metal pollution. Nevertheless, its application is impeded by certain shortcomings, such as a limited adsorption capacity, a slow adsorption rate, and poor reusability. Besides, the physical adsorption capacity of raw biochar to heavy metals is suboptimal. As a result, researchers prefer to use geopolymer-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals due to their excellent immobilization effect. However, no research has been done on the synthesis of geopolymer-based adsorbent using silica fume for heavy metal adsorption. Thus, the aim of this study is to partially replace metakaolin (MK) with silica fume (S1) (25, 50, 75 and 100 %) in geopolymer formulation at varied S:L ratio (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) to study the impact on the geopolymerization and its following properties in the removal efficiency of copper (Cu2 +). Characterization techniques such as Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to study the physicochemical properties of the developed geopolymer. The concentration of Cu2+ before and after adsorption was determined by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the removal efficiency was calculated. Based on the experimental result, the geopolymer prepared with 25 % MK and 75 % S1 at S:L of 0.6 maintained the high removal efficiency of Cu2+ (99.62 %) with 100 % MK geopolymer (98.56 %). The generation of N-A-S-H gel with the 75 % replacement level of S1 producing more reactive Si and Al binding sites for Cu2+ adsorption. In addition, S1 contains exchangeable cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ which further promote the adsorption of Cu2+ by ion exchange. Moreover, the mechanisms such as chemical bonding and precipitation were involved in the adsorption of Cu2+. Hence, this research could serve as a basis for the development of solid waste based geopolymers that could remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
  • Publication
    Abrasive wear performance of repair welds on R260 rail using different welding electrodes
    (Elsevier, 2025-06)
    Prapas Muangjunburee
    ;
    Hein Zaw Oo
    ;
    ;
    Buntoeng Srikarun
    This study compares the abrasion resistance of unrepaired base rail steel grade R260 to three different welds repaired using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Three different types of pearlitic covered electrodes were utilized in this study. Rail steel and repaired weld metals were examined for chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, wear test, and worn surface. The repaired weld metal using covered electrodes A, B, and C featured acicular ferrite and bainitic structure, while the original rail steel grade R260 possessed a pearlite matrix. The results showed that wear resistance did not correlate with hardness values. The wear resistance of the rail steel was highest, while its hardness was lowest. Covered electrode C, on the other hand, has the highest hardness but the lowest wear resistance. The worn surface of the repaired weld metal employing covered electrode A dominated micro-cutting mechanism. Micro ploughing and micro fracturing occurred in the weld metal of covered electrodes B and C during abrasion test. Therefore, covered electrode A performed best in this repair welding of R260 rail steel.
  • Publication
    Optimization of heating rate on hybrid microwave sintering of the PM Fe-Cr MMCs reinforced with Al2O3particle
    This study reports the optimization of heating rate on the microwave sintered Fe-Cr-Al2O3 metal matrix composite (MMC). The heating rate was selected between 10°C/min to 60°C/min with increment of 10°C/min respectively. The samples were fabricated via PM route and microwave sintering was carried out in a tubular microwave furnace HAMiLab-V3 in N2 atmosphere purposely to avoid any oxidation and chemical reaction to samples. The microstructure of sintered samples was evaluated using SEM and bulk density and porosity were determined based on ASTM B962 - 17 and the microhardness were determined based on ASTM E384. The optimized heating rate of the sample was selected based on the micro hardness value and total porosity percentage as well as based on SEM microstructure analysis. The results revealed that the optimum heating rate occurred at 20°C/min due to the highest value of hardness achieved which is about 119.28 HV with at the highest bulk density about 6.07 g/cm3 and at the lowest total porosity about 14.55%. SEM micrographs also showed that the diffusion was mostly effective at 20°C/min heating rate compared to others, indicated that significant grain boundary diffusion of Fe matrix into Al2O3 particle was occurred.
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  • Publication
    Design for assembly (DFA) analysis of old bicycle tire inflator
    This Paper is studied on the assembly problem of old bicycle tire inflator in the early stage of product design. During producing a product, the most important decisions are the final cost of the product. The approach based on Boothroyd Dewhurst methods has been implemented in this study to provide a quantitative measure called the design efficiency based on an analysis of a product. The main focuses of this research are to analyze the current design efficiency of old bicycle tire inflator and improved design efficiency. The product was design by using UNIGRAPHIC NX. The components and manufacturing of the old bicycle tire inflator were undergone alteration with the design for assembly (DFA) and redesigned methods.
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