Sam Sung Ting
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Sam Sung Ting
Official Name
Sam, Sung Ting
Alternative Name
Sam, Sung Ting
Sung Ting, Sam
Tingf, Sam Sung
Ting, Sam Sung
Sam, S. T.
Sam, T. S.
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Scopus Author ID
57198446841
Researcher ID
AAU-8590-2020

Research Output

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  • Publication
    Flexural and morphology properties of rHDPE/BF composites: effect of surface modification of bamboo filler by NaOH treatment
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    N. A. Latip
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    This study is about the effect of alkaline treatment on bamboo filler reinforced with recycle high density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites. The alkaline treatment was done by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at three different concentrations (2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.% and 7.5 wt.%) for two hours at room temperature. The bamboo filler and rHDPE was compound with the extrusion method and the granule was form. The granule of rHDPE/bamboo filler composites was inject by using injection molding to produce the sample of end product. The samples of rHDPE/bamboo filler was tested using conventional universal testing machine. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the morphology of filler and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for characterization of functional group in the filler and composites. The result showed that the flexural properties of rHDPE/bamboo filler composites were slightly affected by the alkaline treatment on the bamboo filler.
  • Publication
    The effects of different bamboo filler loading on HDPE/BF composites and rHDPE/BF composites: flexural and morphology
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    ;
    Izwan Johari
    In this article, wood plastic composite (WPC) is a composite material made up from bamboo as filler (BF) and high-density polyethylene and recycle high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic as matrix. This research was conducted in order to investigate the mechanical properties of HDPE/BF and rHDPE/BF composites with different filler loading (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 20 wt.%). From the morphology test by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), the bonding between filler and matrix to 10 wt.% show a positive effect and have a great bonding. The, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) used to analyze the functional group in the bamboo filler which contain lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The flexural test was conducted to study the mechanical properties of rHDPE/BF composites. Based on the flexural test result, the HDPE/BF and rHDPE/BF composites with 10 wt.% BF show the highest flexural result as decreasing filler loading will reduce the strength of the composites.
  • Publication
    Revealing the water resistance, thermal and biodegradation properties of Citrus aurantifolia crosslinked Tapioca Starch/Nanocellulose bionanocomposites
    (Springer, 2020)
    Ong Hui Lin
    ;
    Al Rey Villagracia
    ;
    Wei Tieng Owi
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Hazizan Md Akil
    Moisture absorption, thermal and biodegradation properties of nanocellulose (NC) reinforced bionanocomposite tapioca starch (TS) films crosslinked with Citrus aurantifolia or lime juice (LJ) were investigated for food packaging applications. The films were synthesized by solvent casting using different amounts of nanocellulose and crosslinkers: lime juice and a commercial citric acid (CA). Nanocellulose as reinforcing filler was obtained from oil palm empty fruit bunches through acid hydrolysis. Crystallinity of all TS bionanocomposites was determined using X-ray diffractometry. TS bionanocomposites interaction with water was studied by means of moisture absorption, moisture content and swelling. Flory-Huggin model was used to measure the crosslinked density of crosslinked TS bionanocomposites which indicated successful crosslinking using LJ and CA for TS. The crystallinity of TS film increased from 43.5% for neat TS to 51.6% for TS film with inclusion of NC. LJ-crosslinked TS film with 1 wt% of NC (based on starch content) had the lowest moisture absorption and swelling ratio. TS bionanocomposites with LJ had better thermal and biodegradation properties compared to commercial CA-crosslinked TS biocomposites, which can be a potential food packaging material among the tested bionanocomposites.
      3  25
  • Publication
    The effect of synthesis parameter On HKUST-1 nanocomposites studied by FTIR characterisation and mechanical testing
    ( 2024-12)
    Syazwana Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    E. M. Mahdi
    ;
    Hazizan Md Akil
    ;
    Muhammad Hafiz Hassan
    ;
    Norlin Nosbi
    ;
    Nurfina Yudasari
    In the present work, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST-1) has been synthesised at room temperature with 1:0, 1:1 and 0:1 ratio of ethanol and water and reinforced into polyurethane. In order to understand the impact of synthesis parameters on HKUST-1 nanocomposites, an investigation was conducted using FTIR characterisation and mechanical testing. The objective was to examine the potential improvement of the reinforced polymer. The mechanical testing results were shown to be significantly influenced by the presence of HKUST-1 with 1:0 ratio of ethanol and water (sample A) into polyurethane (PU). The samples underwent Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to determine the types of bonds within the polymer-MOF nanocomposites. It was observed that the reinforced nanoparticles did not undergo any chemical changes, as indicated by the recorded spectra, which can be related to the overlapping characteristics of HKUST-1 and PU. The findings indicate that the A/PU exhibited a notable impact in comparison to other materials, as evidenced by the results of the tensile test and nanoindentation study.
      1  24
  • Publication
    Surface modification of bamboo filler by acid treatment on flexural and morphology rHDPE/BF composites
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    ;
    Izwan Johari
    This study main objective is to compare the effect of different concentration on surface treatments of natural fibrous material, bamboo filler (BF) by using acetic acid (CH3COOH). The application of surface treatment on natural fibrous material can improve the compatibility with polymer matrix material. Different concentration on surface treatment by using CH3COOH were applied at 0 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.% and 7.5 wt.%. After the application of surface treatments, the fibrous materials were combined with polymer matrix material, particularly recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE), by twin screw extruder and injection moulding. The mechanical test was performed to evaluate the influence of different concentration of surface treatments on rHDPE/BF composites. The experimental results shows that the surface treatment by using CH3COOH on BF strongly affect the mechanical properties of the final composite materials by increasing the flexural strength ultimately at 5.0 wt.% concentration CH3COOH with the highest flexural strength. The morphology of treated BF by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) show that the lignin, wax and other impurities was removed from BF.
      9  1
  • Publication
    Influence of filler surface modification on static and dynamic mechanical responses of rice husk reinforced linear low-density polyethylene composites
    ( 2021)
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    B. Jeż
    ;
    M. Nabiałek
    ;
    Hazizan Md Akil
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Azida Azmi
    Filler surface modification has become an essential approach to improve the compatibility problem between natural fillers and polymer matrices. However, there is limited work that concerns on this particular effect under dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, in this study, both untreated and treated low linear density polyethylene/rice husk composites were tested under static (0.001 s–1, 0.01 s–1 and 0.1 s–1) and dynamic loading rates (650 s–1, 900 s–1 and 1100 s–1) using universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment, respectively. Rice husk filler was modified using silane coupling agents at four different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7% weight percentage of silane) at room temperature. This surface modification was experimentally proven by Fourier transform infrared and Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results show that strength properties, stiffness properties and yield behaviour of treated composites were higher than untreated composites. Among the treated composites, the 5% silane weight percentage composite shows the optimum mechanical properties. Besides, the rate of sensitivity of both untreated and treated composites also shows great dependency on strain rate sensitivity with increasing strain rate. On the other hand, the thermal activation volume shows contrary trend. For fracture surface analysis, the results show that the treated LLDPE/RH composites experienced less permanent deformation as compared to untreated LLDPE/RH composites. Besides, at dynamic loading, the fracture surface analysis of the treated composites showed good attachment between RH and LLDPE.
      1  16
  • Publication
    Tensile, thermal properties, and biodegradability test of paddy straw powder-filled Polyhydroxybutyrate-3-Valerate (PHBV) biocomposites: acrylation pretreatment
    (Springer International Publishing, 2023)
    Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob
    ;
    Hanafi Ismail
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    The mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability properties of paddy straw powder (PSP)-filled polyhydroxybutyrate-3-valerate (PHBV) biocomposites were investigated. The impacts of chemical alteration of PSP via acrylic acid treatment were examined as well. The outcomes of the study portrayed a decrease in the elongation at break and tensile strength when the filler loading increased; however, the modulus elasticity of composites could be seen to increase. Chemical alteration of PSP via acrylic acid enhanced modulus elasticity of the biocomposites and tensile strength; nevertheless, the elongation at break was decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated the enhancement of thermal stability of the biocomposites via PSP compared to neat PHBV. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was positively affected by chemical alteration of PSP. Meanwhile, DSC analysis proved that the melting temperature (T m) of the biocomposites was not altered when the filler was added. Treated biocomposites demonstrated higher crystallinity (30.18%) compared to the untreated composites (26.24%). Biodegradability test showed the strains from both Aspergillus species have the potential to degrade PHBV/PSP biocomposites. The weight loss of biocomposites after undergoing fermentation with Aspergillus fumigatus strain SGE57 and Aspergillus niveus isolate A17 was 2.42% and 3.65%, respectively.
      19  3
  • Publication
    Processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of polylactic acid/chitosan biocomposites prepared by melt compounding technique
    ( 2020)
    N. H. I. Kamaludin
    ;
    H. Ismail
    ;
    A. Rusli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    A. A. N. Gunny
    Biodegradable polymers of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (Cs) has a great potential as alternative candidates to replace conventional synthetic plastic apart to reduce the plastic waste pollution due to the unique properties of superior mechanical strength, feasible processability and rapid degradation. In this work, PLA/Cs biocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and compression moulding techniques in the absence of any plasticizer and additive. The effect of chitosan loading (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 php) on processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of PLA/Cs were evaluated using internal mixer, universal testing machine and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. Processing characteristic indicates PLA/Cs biocomposites demonstrated higher processing torque in comparison to neat PLA due to the increase in melt viscosity and decrease in chain mobility of the polymeric materials. Tensile test results revealed that the maximum strength (54.60 ± 0.51 MPa) and tensile elastic modulus (2.67 ± 0.01 GPa) was attained by PLA/2.5Cs biocomposite. In fact, the addition of chitosan content up to 10 php results in significant decreased in tensile strength and elongation at break of 23.38 ± 0.37 MPa and 0.96 ± 0.04 %, respectively. This is supported by the electron micrograph observation of the PLA/2.5Cs tensile fractured surfaces that exhibits uniform dispersion and good interfacial adhesion between chitosan and PLA matrix which signifies higher tensile properties. However, more agglomeration and poor filler-matrix interaction was observed with further addition of chitosan content of above 7.5 php which implies deterioration in tensile properties. The results suggest that the incorporation of low chitosan loading improve the processing, tensile and polymer compatibility in PLA/Cs biocomposites.
      1  17
  • Publication
    The effects of ionic liquid (ILs) as additive on recycled high-density polyethylene reinforced bamboo filler composites
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Aini Asifa Ahmad Kamal
    ;
    Nik Noriman Zulkepli
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Rosniza Hamzah
    ;
    Omar S. Dahham
    ;
    N. A. Latip
    ;
    M. U. Umar
    The study aim to improve the mechanical properties of recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) reinforced with bamboo filler (BF) by incorporating support of ionic liquids (ILs). The rHDPE/BF composites were produced by using injection molding process with different types of ILs in imidazolium based at three concentrations which is 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt.%. The rHDPE/BF with ILs was compound with twin-screw extruder and undergoes injection molding process. The effects of ILs were characterized for mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of composites using tensile test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results indicated that mechanical properties of the composites were improved by addition of ILs as additive. From the FTIR spectroscopy test, the presences of ILs were detected in the composites as it will improve the properties of composites. Finally, FESEM of fractured surface revealed better adhesion between the filler and matrix with the presence of additives.
      2  6
  • Publication
    Processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of polylactic acid/ Chitosan biocomposites prepared by melt compounding technique
    ( 2020-09-21)
    Nor Helya Iman Kamaludin
    ;
    Ismail H.
    ;
    Rusli A.
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    Biodegradable polymers of polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan (Cs) has a great potential as alternative candidates to replace conventional synthetic plastic apart to reduce the plastic waste pollution due to the unique properties of superior mechanical strength, feasible processability and rapid degradation. In this work, PLA/Cs biocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and compression moulding techniques in the absence of any plasticizer and additive. The effect of chitosan loading (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 php) on processing, tensile and morphological characteristics of PLA/Cs were evaluated using internal mixer, universal testing machine and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. Processing characteristic indicates PLA/Cs biocomposites demonstrated higher processing torque in comparison to neat PLA due to the increase in melt viscosity and decrease in chain mobility of the polymeric materials. Tensile test results revealed that the maximum strength (54.60 ± 0.51 MPa) and tensile elastic modulus (2.67 ± 0.01 GPa) was attained by PLA/2.5Cs biocomposite. In fact, the addition of chitosan content up to 10 php results in significant decreased in tensile strength and elongation at break of 23.38 ± 0.37 MPa and 0.96 ± 0.04 %, respectively. This is supported by the electron micrograph observation of the PLA/2.5Cs tensile fractured surfaces that exhibits uniform dispersion and good interfacial adhesion between chitosan and PLA matrix which signifies higher tensile properties. However, more agglomeration and poor filler-matrix interaction was observed with further addition of chitosan content of above 7.5 php which implies deterioration in tensile properties. The results suggest that the incorporation of low chitosan loading improve the processing, tensile and polymer compatibility in PLA/Cs biocomposites.
      5  29