Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
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Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
Official Name
Nur Farhana Diyana, Mohd Yunos
Alternative Name
Yunos, Nur Farhana Mohd
Yunos, Nur Farhana M.
Mohd Yunos, Nur Farhana
Yunos, N. F.
Yunos, N. F.M
Nur Yunos, F.
Yunos, Nur F.
Yunos, N. F.D.M.
Yunos, M.
Yunus, Nur Farhana M.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
44062005100
Researcher ID
I-2598-2019

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  • Publication
    The hydrothermal synthesis of TiO₂-GO with enhance photocatalytic activity
    ( 2024-12)
    Noor Azira Mohd Noor
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Murizam Darus
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    A composite material consisting of titanium dioxide and graphene oxide (TiO₂–GO) was synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction. This reaction involved the use of Ti(SO4)2 in an ethanol–water solvent. Different content of GO was studied to find the optimum parameter. The composites were subjected to characterization, encompassing an examination of their composition, structure, and microstructure through techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. For Raman spectra, the presence of a G-band at approximately 1599 cm-1 and a D-band at 1350 cm-1 in the spectra indicates the presence of graphene oxide (GO). Therefore, the modified Hummer method synthesized graphite to GO. The findings for the XRD spectrum concerning the TiO2–GO composites revealed the presence of finely dispersed anatase TiO₂ particles on the surface of the graphene oxide sheet layer. Diffraction pattern similar to pristine TiO₂, only for TiO2–GO(0.75) and the peak for rutile TiO2 at 2Ɵ values 27.08° for both technique and TiO₂–GO(0.5) for spray technique. Apparently, GO sheets were almost covered by anchored TiO₂ particles, providing the possibility of efficient electronic conducting and electron transportation as in the SEM microstructures. EDS analysis shows the excessive carbon element for TiO₂-GO(0.75) and TiO₂-GO(1). The findings concerning the TiO₂–GO composites revealed the presence of finely dispersed anatase TiO₂ particles on the surface of the graphene oxide sheet layer. Notably, the photocatalytic performance of the TiO₂–GO composite significantly surpassed that of pure TiO₂ in the photodegradation of methyl blue (MB) when exposed to sunlight. The spray technique had a higher photocatalytic degradation percentage which is 82% for TiO₂-GO(0.25) compared to the dropped technique 79% which is TiO₂-GO(0.5). Degradation analysis of methyl blue concluded that the improved photocatalytic activity of TiO₂–GO primarily results from the enhanced efficiency in trapping and transporting electrons, which can be attributed to the presence of graphene oxide (GO).
  • Publication
    Review on performance of lithium titanate and its impurities dopant as a lithium-ion battery anode
    ( 2024-03)
    Eva Nurhaliza
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    M. Komiyama
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Suhaimi Illias
    Li-ion batteries are the main source of energy for electronic devices such as cameras, calculators, mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. Among the materials being considered, lithium titanate (𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12) has become a promising anode material due to its high stability and safety, as well as enabling high operability without sacrificing lifetime. However, in order to further improve performance and customise properties for specific applications, impurity dopants have been investigated as a means of modifying 𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12 performance. This paper examines 𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12 and its impurities as anode materials. Starting with a basic understanding of the crystal structure and characteristics of 𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12, its properties and applications. Besides, this study explores the effects of different dopants on the 𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12 on battery parameters. Based on various research studies and recent developments, the review summarises the current knowledge about 𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12 and impurity dopants. Each dopant's different effects on the lattice structure highlight its importance for further development. As a result, it may lead to future research of 𝐿𝑖4𝑇𝑖5𝑂12 anodes for large-scale energy storage technology.
  • Publication
    Phase reduction and thermodynamic analysis of Ilmenite Ore by carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants
    ( 2023-12)
    N. A. Nasrun
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy
    ;
    N. Takahiro
    ;
    S. A. Rezan
    The present study is on the combination of carbothermal reduction and iodination reaction (carboiodination) process for the phase reduction of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3). The aim is to understand the phase reduction and thermodynamic reaction analysis of ilmenite ore by a combined method of carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants (graphite and palm char). Graphite was used as a standard carbon reductant while palm char as a renewable carbon reductant was prepared via the pyrolysis technique. Ilmenite was mixed with carbon reductants and then first reduced by using a carbothermal reduction process at 1550℃. Then, the reduced samples were further investigated with iodination reaction in different temperature ranges of 900-1000 °C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed argon and iodine gas (0.2 L/min). The proximate and ultimate analyses of carbon reductants were analysed by CHON analyser and their microstructure by using SEM, while XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase reductions of raw ilmenite ore and reduced samples, respectively. The thermodynamics of possible reactions during carbothermal-iodination reactions were calculated by HSC Chemistry 6.0 software. By comparing graphite and palm char, palm char had an amorphous structure, with porous and high carbon content showing high potential for usage as a reductant in titanium extraction from ilmenite ore. The phases of ilmenite ore were ilmenite, rutile, and anatase transformed into rutile, pseudobrookite, and titanium oxide detected by XRD. Further reduction was performed by palm char where more rutile (TiO2) and titanium oxide (Ti3O5) developed from the iodination reaction at the highest temperature compared to graphite due to better properties and amorphous structure. The rutile and titanium oxide were found as stable phases from the thermodynamic analysis and confirmed with XRD. From the findings, the combination of carbothermal-iodination of ilmenite ore was possible and promising for rutile (TiO2) production in mineral extractions.
  • Publication
    Correlation between crystal structure and thermal reaction of TiO₂ - Graphene Oxide
    ( 2021-04)
    Siti Kartom Kamarudin
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Banjuraizah Johar
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Syarifah Norfaezah Sabki
    ;
    Suhaimi Illias
    TiO₂ - Graphene oxide (GO) (GO = 0-1.0wt %) powders were synthesised using sol-gel method and annealed at 500°C. The samples were then characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The additional of GO gave significant influence on the crystal structure of TiO₂. The lattice parameter of TiO₂ were increased with decreasing GO concentration. The unit cell volume of TiO₂-GO annealed in N2 decreased with the oxygen occupancy. In contrary, the TiO₂-GO annealed in O₂ has an increase in O₂ occupancies in the lattice that was nearly proportional to its unit cell volume. A continuous weight loss was recorded by TGA at a temperature range of T= 30 - 1000°C that were associated with H2O, C-H and C-O species. It is concluded that the Ti-O-C and Ti-C bonds were formed for samples annealed in O₂ and N2 respectively. The weight loss of TiO₂-GO annealed in O₂ is lesser than that annealed in N2 for same concentration additional GO into TiO₂.
      3  8
  • Publication
    Investigation on phase evaluation of ilmenite ore by carbothermal reduction and carboiodination reaction
    ( 2023-12)
    A. A. Adel
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    L. I. G. Togang
    This article presented the thermochemical calculation and experimental investigation on the phase evaluation of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3) via carbothermal reduction and carboiodination reaction for titanium production using graphite as a reducing agent. The carbothermal reduction and carboiodination reactions were performed in two different furnaces. The carbothermal reduction was evaluated at a temperature of 1550°C with inert argon gas utilizing a horizontal tube furnace. The carboiodination reactions were evaluated in temperatures ranging from 900°C, 950°C, and 1000°C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed iodine gas with argon gas. XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase evolutions of raw ilmenite ore and the reduced samples, respectively. The findings showed that the Perak ilmenite ore predominantly has a greater concentration of TiO2 (71.27wt%), Fe2O3 (18.85wt%), and some other oxides like aluminum oxide and quartz. In addition, XRD revealed that the ilmenite phase was converted into rutile (TiO2) titanium oxide (Ti3O5, Ti2O3), titanium carbide (TiC), and iron (Fe) phases, after the carbothermal reduction process. However, after the carboiodination reaction, the ilmenite and rutile phases remained at temperatures 900°C, 950°C, and 1000°C. The HSC Chemistry software was used in the determination of the thermochemical calculation and the possible reactions during the reaction which play an important role in shortening the reduction process. The results revealed the carboiodination process is a promising process that can reduce energy consumption and shorten the titanium production processes, and it needs more studies.
      1  2
  • Publication
    Phase Reduction and Thermodynamic Analysis of Ilmenite Ore by Carbothermal-Iodination using Different Carbon Reductants
    ( 2023-12-01)
    Nasrun N.A.
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy
    ;
    Takahiro N.
    ;
    Rezan S.A.
    The present study is on the combination of carbothermal reduction and iodination reaction (carboiodination) process for the phase reduction of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3). The aim is to understand the phase reduction and thermodynamic reaction analysis of ilmenite ore by a combined method of carbothermal-iodination using different carbon reductants (graphite and palm char). Graphite was used as a standard carbon reductant while palm char as a renewable carbon reductant was prepared via the pyrolysis technique. Ilmenite was mixed with carbon reductants and then first reduced by using a carbothermal reduction process at 1550℃. Then, the reduced samples were further investigated with iodination reaction in different temperature ranges of 900-1000 °C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed argon and iodine gas (0.2 L/min). The proximate and ultimate analyses of carbon reductants were analysed by CHON analyser and their microstructure by using SEM, while XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase reductions of raw ilmenite ore and reduced samples, respectively. The thermodynamics of possible reactions during carbothermal-iodination reactions were calculated by HSC Chemistry 6.0 software. By comparing graphite and palm char, palm char had an amorphous structure, with porous and high carbon content showing high potential for usage as a reductant in titanium extraction from ilmenite ore. The phases of ilmenite ore were ilmenite, rutile, and anatase transformed into rutile, pseudobrookite, and titanium oxide detected by XRD. Further reduction was performed by palm char where more rutile (TiO2) and titanium oxide (Ti3O5) developed from the iodination reaction at the highest temperature compared to graphite due to better properties and amorphous structure. The rutile and titanium oxide were found as stable phases from the thermodynamic analysis and confirmed with XRD. From the findings, the combination of carbothermal-iodination of ilmenite ore was possible and promising for rutile (TiO2) production in mineral extractions.
      1
  • Publication
    Structural Characterizations and Phase Transition on the Reducibility of Ilmenite Ore with Different Carbon Reductants by Carbothermal Reduction Under Hydrogen Atmosphere
    ( 2023-12-01)
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Nasrun N.A.
    ;
    Kurniawan A.
    ;
    Nomura T.
    ;
    Rezan S.A.
    This research focused on investigating the properties and phase transition of ilmenite ore with various carbon reductants by performing a carbothermal reduction, followed by a hydrogen reduction (Ar:H2) at 900–1000 °C to extract rutile from the ore. To comprehend the impact of the carbon structure and characteristics on the reduction performance and incorporate a thermodynamic assessment during reduction reactions, two distinct carbon reductants: graphite (GI) and renewable carbon from palm char (PI), were selected. The phase transitions and reduced samples were examined using both qualitative and quantitative X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that ilmenite ore transformed into pseudobrookite ferrous (FeTi2O5), titanium trioxide (Ti3O5), rutile (TiO2), and iron (Fe) after carbothermal reduction at 1550 °C where brookite (TiO2) and anatase (TiO2) peaks were diminished. As the temperature rose during the secondary reduction by hydrogen, the reduction reaction sequenced as follows: FeTi2O5 → Ti3O5 → Ti2O3 → TiO2 and Fe. Due to the carbon structure and superior characteristics, the reduced PI demonstrated a greater degree of TiO2 reduction (81.8%) than the reduced GI (74.8%) at the highest reduction temperature of 1000 °C. In the early and middle stages of the reaction at high temperatures, the carbothermal reduction of ilmenite ore with solid carbon and CO participated and produced rutile, iron, and Ti3O5, whereas, in the latter stages, rutile, iron, and Ti2O3 are mostly formed when reduced by hydrogen. In conclusion, employing palm char with hydrogen atmosphere to extract pure rutile from ilmenite ore might be accomplished by using these proposed methods. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
      1
  • Publication
    Investigation on Phase Evaluation of Ilmenite Ore by Carbothermal Reduction and Carboiodination Reaction
    ( 2023-12-01)
    Adel A.A.
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Togang L.I.G.
    This article presented the thermochemical calculation and experimental investigation on the phase evaluation of ilmenite ore (FeTiO3) via carbothermal reduction and carboiodination reaction for titanium production using graphite as a reducing agent. The carbothermal reduction and carboiodination reactions were performed in two different furnaces. The carbothermal reduction was evaluated at a temperature of 1550°C with inert argon gas utilizing a horizontal tube furnace. The carboiodination reactions were evaluated in temperatures ranging from 900°C, 950°C, and 1000°C using a vertical tube furnace with mixed iodine gas with argon gas. XRF and XRD were used for analyzing the chemical compositions and the phase evolutions of raw ilmenite ore and the reduced samples, respectively. The findings showed that the Perak ilmenite ore predominantly has a greater concentration of TiO2 (71.27wt%), Fe2O3 (18.85wt%), and some other oxides like aluminum oxide and quartz. In addition, XRD revealed that the ilmenite phase was converted into rutile (TiO2) titanium oxide (Ti3O5, Ti2O3), titanium carbide (TiC), and iron (Fe) phases, after the carbothermal reduction process. However, after the carboiodination reaction, the ilmenite and rutile phases remained at temperatures 900°C, 950°C, and 1000°C. The HSC Chemistry software was used in the determination of the thermochemical calculation and the possible reactions during the reaction which play an important role in shortening the reduction process. The results revealed the carboiodination process is a promising process that can reduce energy consumption and shorten the titanium production processes, and it needs more studies.
      1
  • Publication
    Mineralogical characterizations of Langkawi ilmenite ore for carbothermal reduction
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Mohammed A.I.
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Zul Azhar Zahid Jamal
    ;
    Nur Farhana Hayazi
    ;
    Nomura T.
    The mineralogical characterizations of Langkawi’s ilmenite were investigated using XRD, XRF and SEM/EDS for morphological analysis. The minerals mainly consisted the phases of FeTiO3, Fe3O4 and TiO2 and Rietveld refinement indicated that the ore contained 35.85% of TiO2 and 26.52% of Fe3O4. The amount of the elements calculated form the quantitative and XRF analysis are reliable and in acceptable ranges. The morphology of the ore showed that the ore is formed mainly in sub-rounded grains with titanium and iron as main elements. The ore was categorized as a low-grade ore, but it can be upgraded for TiO2 production using carbothermal reduction reactions, where the results of XRD, XRF, SEM showed extractable amount of TiO2 more than 32wt%.
      1
  • Publication
    Phase transformations of Langkawi ilmenite ore during carbothermal reduction using palm char as renewable reductant
    ( 2022-02-01)
    Mohammed A.I.
    ;
    Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos
    ;
    Muhammad Asri Idris
    ;
    Nur Hazira Najmi
    ;
    Zul Azhar Zahid Jamal
    ;
    Nomura, Takahiro
    The phase transformations of carbothermal reduction of Langkawi ilmenite ore by palm char were studied in reduction temperatures ranging from 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C using a horizontal tube furnace with inert argon gas. The palm shells as renewable carbon reductant for carbothermal reduction of ilmenite ore were converted into palm char using pyrolysis techniques to improve and increase the surface area and carbon content. The present study aims to reduce oxides in ilmenite ore from our local mining to produce titanium oxides by carbothermal reduction process and recycled agricultural waste from palm shell as renewable reductant. The phase and chemical compositions of ilmenite ore and reduced samples were analyzed by XRD and XRF. It was found that ilmenite ore mainly contained titanomagnetite, hematite, and titanium dioxide phases. After carbothermal reduction, the titanomagnetite phase from ilmenite ore was transformed into titanium dioxide, iron titania, iron, and titanium carbide at the highest reduction temperature (1400 °C) via XRD analysis. The phase transformation revealed the porous structure with wider pore size distribution and high carbon from palm char was able to reduce the oxides in ilmenite ore. According to XRF analysis, the TiO2 amount was increased with the temperature; from 25.7 wt.% at 1200 °C up to 50.8 wt.% with the extent of reduction of TiO2 was 78.56% at 1400 °C. The carbothermal reduction of ilmenite ore using palm char as a renewable reductant was possible and promising in mineral ore extractions.
      6  10