Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
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Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
Official Name
Norlia, Mohamad Ibrahim
Alternative Name
Ibrahim, Norlia Mohamad
Norlia, M. I.
Norlia, M.
Ibrahim, N. M.
Mohamad, N.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57195339786
Researcher ID
AAV-6726-2021

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  • Publication
    Preservation of Natural Resources by Utilizing Combustion Ash In Concrete and Determination of Its Engineering Properties
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Rahim M.A.
    ;
    Zailani W.W.A.
    ;
    Laslo L.
    ;
    Muhamad N.
    Due to the large amount of combustion ash being thrown into landfills, which can lead to environmental pollution, new alternatives to construction materials can be developed by utilising this combustion ash as a part of the main raw materials, while at the same time helping to preserve natural resources in the concrete manufacturing industry. Generally, using new waste materials will eventually affect the engineering properties of concrete. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the engineering properties of concrete containing combustion ash as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). CA can be classified as combustion bottom ash (CBA) and combustion fly ash (CFA). CA is tested for its chemical compositions using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and its four main compositions, which are silica, alumina, iron, and calcium, are examined and discussed extensively. Other testing for the property of CA includes Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and specific gravity testing for coarse aggregate. To produce sustainable concrete from waste, several tests have been conducted to determine the engineering properties of the concrete, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. Results show that CA, which consists mainly of silica dioxide, contributed to the strength of concrete. SEM images show that CBA has a porous structure with an angular and rough texture, whereas CFA has more rounded particles, which influence the overall compressive strength. Furthermore, it was discovered that as the proportion of CBA utilised increased, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of the concrete improved. Based on the results of the testing, CBA is suggested for use as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete.
  • Publication
    Preservation of natural resources by utilizing combustion ash in concrete and determination of its engineering properties
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Zailani W.W.A.
    ;
    Laslo L.
    ;
    Muhamad N.
    Due to the large amount of combustion ash being thrown into landfills, which can lead to environmental pollution, new alternatives to construction materials can be developed by utilising this combustion ash as a part of the main raw materials, while at the same time helping to preserve natural resources in the concrete manufacturing industry. Generally, using new waste materials will eventually affect the engineering properties of concrete. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the engineering properties of concrete containing combustion ash as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). CA can be classified as combustion bottom ash (CBA) and combustion fly ash (CFA). CA is tested for its chemical compositions using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and its four main compositions, which are silica, alumina, iron, and calcium, are examined and discussed extensively. Other testing for the property of CA includes Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and specific gravity testing for coarse aggregate. To produce sustainable concrete from waste, several tests have been conducted to determine the engineering properties of the concrete, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. Results show that CA, which consists mainly of silica dioxide, contributed to the strength of concrete. SEM images show that CBA has a porous structure with an angular and rough texture, whereas CFA has more rounded particles, which influence the overall compressive strength. Furthermore, it was discovered that as the proportion of CBA utilised increased, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of the concrete improved. Based on the results of the testing, CBA is suggested for use as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete.
      1
  • Publication
    Comparing the Physical Properties of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) Waste and Natural Aggregate
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Mohamed Reyad Alhadi Ahmad
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Samsudin S.
    Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a co-combustion product material, which may cause hazards to human health and the environment. Rapid growth in technology causes the increase of CBA waste and this situation led to a waste disposal crisis. Reuse waste material as an alternative material instead of natural materials can led to sustainable and environmentally friendly construction. The main objective of this study is to determine the physical properties of CBA and its suitability to be used as replacement material in civil construction. The physical properties test conducted in this research were aggregate impact value test, aggregate crushed value test, flakiness and elongation test. The results show that the ability of CBA to resist sudden shock and repeated load was lesser than natural aggregate (NA). The differences of aggregate impact value (AIV) and aggregate crushing value (ACV), between NA and CBA were 50.4% and 48.9%, respectively. In addition, CBA has higher amount of flaky and elongated particles compared to NA. The flakiness index value for NA and CBA were 7.12% and 26.10%, respectively while the difference value of elongation index between NA and CBA was 37%. However, even though the properties of CBA were not as good as NA, the results for ACV and the flakiness index of CBA meet the minimum requirement of Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Standard Specification which indicates that CBA has potential to be used in civil construction.
      4  1
  • Publication
    Effect of Incorporating Coal Bottom Ash on the Properties of Concrete
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Matagi A.B.H.
    ;
    Muhamad N.
    ;
    Raischi M.
    ;
    Munif Bahatin
    Industrial waste without proper control may lead to contamination and cause environmental pollution. Transforming waste such as coal bottom ash (CBA) wastes into a sustainable construction material is so much help in reducing the waste in the surroundings and is also environmentally friendly. In this research, cement was replaced with CBA in the concrete to analyse the effect on concrete performance. Consequently, this project focuses on physical and mechanical properties of concrete before and after using CBA. In the design stage for concrete mixing, the ratio for raw materials selected was 1:1.35:3.2 for cement, sand, and aggregates, respectively (grade 25). Two different major categories of concrete were made and compared. The first category is ordinary concrete with control concrete mix (CM), while the second category is concrete which uses 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of CBA partial replacement in the volume of cement in the concrete mix. The samples we used in this research were cubes 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm prepared for the water absorption, density, and compression test. The workability of concrete containing CBA with fixed water quantity was lower corresponding to that of the control mix. The hardened concrete density was reduced, and the water absorption increased with an increased amount of ground CBA. The results for the compressive test of control samples are 22.940 N/mm at 28 days of curing, and the highest percentage was 10% CBA which is 28.28 MPa. Since the strength of the concrete with CBA is increasing so, modified concretes can be considered to use in construction.
      2
  • Publication
    Effect of bottom ash and limestone on the optimum binder content in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Noor Aina Misnon
    ;
    Nurhidayah Hamzah
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Christina Remmy Entalai
    ;
    Deák György
    One of the most effective and simplest methods to minimize waste as well as reduce the environmental problems associated with waste disposal is by utilizing waste materials as a cement replacement in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures which can provide the same or better stability as the conventional method. Fillers play an important role in the stability and strength of the pavement by filling voids between the aggregate particles in the performance of the HMA mixture. This research investigated the effect of the utilization of different types of filler (bottom ash and limestone) on the optimum binder content of HMA. Flow, stability, stiffness, air void in mix (VIM) and void filled with bitumen (VFB) were determined using the Marshal Method test in order to determine the optimum binder content of HMA for all mineral filler. The results of the Marshall test for each filler have been compared with the JKR standard specification. The optimum binder content for bottom ash, limestone and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was 5.42%, 5.65% and 5.54%, respectively. All values of mineral filler used meet the JKR standard specification, where the range is between 4 and 6%. From the result achieved, the bottom ash has the lower optimum binder content value compared to the limestone and OPC. When the lower binder content is used in the bituminous mixture, the cost for pavement construction will be reduced.
      4  2
  • Publication
    Waste to concrete material: Potential Study of Chemical Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Hamzah N.
    ;
    Samsudin S.
    ;
    Shamshinar Salehuddin
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Holban E.
    This research focuses on the chemical properties of coal fly ash (CFA) and coal bottom ash (CBA) obtained from Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant and compares them with the characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Coal has been recognised as a significant fuel source in Malaysia, where it is extensively employed in the creation of steel, cement, and power. When coal is burned to create power, several different types of coal ash are created, including fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and clinker. Fly and bottom ash, however, are the main coal ash waste products that have been created. In an effort to create sustainable concrete from waste, a number of studies have been carried out to ascertain the chemical characteristics of fly and bottom ash. These tests include Energy Disperse X-Ray (EDX), Mineralogy (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). From the SEM result, fly ash has smaller particles and a spherical, uniform shape than bottom ash and cement. Fly and bottom ash from the Sultan Azlan Shah power plant contain a number of elements, including Silicon (Si), Aluminium (Al), Oxygen (O), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Carbon (C), and Sodium, according to Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test. The fly ash is primarily an amorphous material, with the presence of quartz crystalline phase (SiO2) at 24.3% and bottom ash at 31.1%, according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data. For the mullite phase (3AlO3.2SiO2), fly and bottom ash show results of 24.9% and 14.5%, respectively. According to an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) investigation, the main constituents of fly and bottom ash are silica, iron, and alumina. Fly ash is classified as Class F because it has a high concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 while OPC has a high CaO value. With the right composition and material preparation, CFA and CBA from the Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant can be used as a cement replacement in concrete.
      4
  • Publication
    A Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash (IFA) And Cement Used in The Manufacturing of New Inventive Blended Cement
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Izzatul Nurain Che Sang Beri
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Zailani W.W.A.
    Municipal solid waste incinerator fly (IFA) ash is prone to accumulate high concentration heavy metals. Due to the increasing costs to treat remaining fly ash at the landfill, a lot of research has been done to recycle IFA. This study was focusing on the properties of IFA and cement as main raw materials in new inventive blended cement. The properties of blended cement were also being investigated. Properties of IFA and cement were examined through several test which includes density, specific gravity, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Loss of Ignition (LOI) and through Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. The density test and LOI test were also being done for the blended cement. From the tests for IFA and cement, it can be found that density the density of fly ash and cement that has been used for this study were found to be 0.76 g/cm3 and 3.67 g/cm3 respectively. Then, the specific gravity of fly ash and cement were 1.69 and 2.98, accordingly. XRF results shows that both materials have highest content of aluminium, silica and iron, as expected. LOI of fly ash and cement were found to be 17.33 % and 12.33 %, respectively. In terms of the leaching rates of heavy metals (Mn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu), only Cd leached at rate 2.39 mg/L, which is above the USEPA's regulatory level, 1.0 mg/L. 5 %, 10 % and 15 % of IFA was mixed with cement to produced blended cement. As the density of blended cement, it was found to be 1.12 g/cm3, 1.08 g/cm3 and 1.09 g/cm3 for each of 5 %, 10 % and 15 % of fly ash in blended cement.
      4
  • Publication
    Exploring the Properties of Mortar Containing Incineration Fly Ash
    ( 2021-11-26)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Rohaya Abdul Malek
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Badri N.A.
    Fly Ash (FA) is one of the waste materials generated from the combustion of solid waste through incinerator and contains hazardous substances. Further treatment to the ash needs to be done to avoid further environmental destruction. As an alternative solution for this problem, FA is used as a replacement material for cement in the mortar. The main objective of this study is to explore the potential use of FA as partial replacement of cement in mortar. The percentage of FA used to replace the cement in this study is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Several important tests were conducted to identify main properties of the mortar such as compressive strength, water absorption, density and ultra-pulse velocity. Mortar containing 15% of fly ash has the highest of compression strength which is 35 MPa after 28 days. Besides, the mortar containing 5% of fly ash has the highest result of water absorption test and density test whereas mortar containing 20% of fly ash has the highest value for pulse velocity after 28 days. Thus, mortar containing fly ash has good physical and mechanical properties.
      4
  • Publication
    Recycled Incineration Bottom Ash and Metakaolin as Sustainable Materials for Cement Replacement in Cementitious Composites
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Khairel Rafezi Ahmad
    ;
    Raischi M.
    Study was related to the influence of the concrete properties by using different percentages of metakaolin and fixed percent of incineration bottom ash to partially replace the cement. Cement is a well-known building material and used for the construction in the world. Moreover, the used of metakaolin (MK) and incineration bottom ash (IBA) in this research would give significance to our environment as it can reduce the usage of cement in concrete. By using bottom ash, it could reduce the land filling space. The X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test was used to determine the chemical composition of IBA and MK. Four series of concrete have been examined, including control, IBA and MK were used as partial replacement for cement at 10%IBA + 10%MK, 10%IBA + 15%MK and 10%IBA + 20%MK of concrete mixes by volume. The curing period for the samples is 7 days and 28 days. To determine the properties of concrete, the tests such as slump test, density test, water absorption test, pulse velocity test, rebound hammer test and compression test were performed. The results proved that the strength development of 10%IBA + 10%MK concrete sample shows the highest compressive strength after 28 days of curing.
      2
  • Publication
    Investigation of bamboo as concrete reinforcement in the construction for low-cost housing industry
    ( 2020-06-10)
    Rahim N.L.
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Shamshinar Salehuddin
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Othman M.Z.
    Concrete is the most consumed material, with three tonnes per year used for every person in the world. Twice as much concrete is used in construction as all other building materials combined. Concrete has excellent characteristic in compressive strength, but low in tensile strength. Steel commonly used in reinforcing material because of high tensile strength. The usage of steel as reinforcing material is limited because it is costly and also has an effect on air pollution during its manufacturing process. As an alternative to overcome this problem, bamboo material has been used as a replacement of reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo is a suitable material because it is a natural material, cheap and also available material. In this research, the performance of bamboos as an alternative material in reinforced concrete has been evaluated. Tensile strength test of bamboos has been performed to identify the yields stress of bamboos. From the test, result has shown that bamboo has a similar characteristic with steel and bamboo can be used as an alternative material for reinforcing concrete. However, the characteristic of bamboos showed high water absorption and low bonding strength between bamboo's surface and concrete. In this research, a waterproofing agent has been used to minimize water absorption and increase the bonding strength. Flexural strength test of the bamboo singly reinforced beam with the size of 150 mm x 150 mm x 750 mm has been undertaken to determine the performance of bamboo as reinforcement. From the test, it has resulted that bamboo give good potential as an alternative material in concrete reinforcement for low-cost housing industry.
      2