Theses & Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/2002

Browse

Browsing Theses & Dissertations by Title

  • Publication
    A comparative study on interior acoustical comfort towards Perodua's compact car model through Monte Carlo simulation method
    ( 2017)
    Khairul Azmir Azuddin
    Societies nowadays spend most of their time travelling with vehicles, especially cars, and move from one place to another place. Therefore the comforts of a vehicle could provide is very important to give the feeling of pleasantness to the users of the car. Vehicle acoustic comfort is one of the important factor in order to provide driving comforts to the user when the vehicle is in use. Logically annoying noise inside the cabin car will to make the car’s user to feel less comfortable. Psychologically, an uncomfortable environment during driving session with the car will affect the user's car especially to the driver where it can be a kind of distraction during driving. If this happen, then the drivers concentration will also be affected and this could led to an unwanted incidents. This study was proposed to investigate the comfort level of noise in the car cabin. The cars used in this study are the compact cars from Perodua, the Axia, Myvi and Viva models. The objective of this study was to investigate the noise in the cabin of the car and to find the comfort noise levels between the three cars. Then, the level of acoustical comfort between the three cars were compared to find which car have the best noise comfort level between those cars. The hypothesis of this study are more the higher the cars’ engine speed, the higher the level of noise generated in the cabin of the car and the rougher the road surface, the higher the noise will be transferred into the car’s cabin. Therefore, in this study, the level of noise in the car cabin for all of the three cars are measured according to the engine speed, respectively. The noise in the cabin of the cars was recorded when the car is in two circumstances, namely when in stationary and non-stationary. In stationary state, the noise in the car were recorded while being driven through three types of roads, which are the highway, urban streets, and pavement. A coding system using LabVIEW were developed to create a system to record the sounds of the noise in the cabin of the car. The recorded noise will then be used for evaluation. The noise were assessed in to approach, objectively and subjectively. In objective evaluation, the sound quality parameter of the recorded noise were extracted by using the "B&K Sound Quality" software. These sound quality parameter will be the data and was assessed by means of regression analysis. Then an equation was published through the analysis. In subjective assessment the recorded noise were evaluated based on jury assessment. Five individuals were involved in assessing the noise. Then, data mining approach were implemented in this study to illustrate this noise data.
      6  11
  • Publication
    A comparative study on whole body vibration (WBV) comfort towards Perodua's compact car model through Monte Carlo simulation
    ( 2017)
    Mohd Zulfadzlie Abdullah
    The objective of this research is to study the vibration which generate in the cabin of the car and seek for the vibration comfort level between all three cars to compare car which has a finest level of comfort between this three cars. In this study, the level of vibration in the cabin of the three car engine speed as measured by car respectively. Vibration generated during experiments in the cabin cars is recorded and stored in the form's data and the test in two circumstances, namely, state of stationary and is not stationary. When in a situation not stationary vibration resulting in the car taken during guided through three types of road namely highway, pavement and urban. A programming system developed to record the generation of vibration in the cabin of the car. Data collected that have been collected will be go through some process start with methods evaluation vibration and regression analysis. An equation will be approach through the analysis to find the significant data that can be used in the process which is K-Means algorithm. Based on the trends of the experienced and exposed vibration, the model is able to differentiate the level of comfort between the clusters by grouping the level of sound vibration into five categories which are most pleasant, medium pleasant, marginal, medium annoying and most annoying. To review the accuracy of classification data cluster, the K-Nearest Neighbor method and Linear Discriminant Analysis is used for shows the percentage accuracy of classification data have been cluster. Later, the vibration for the three cars in this study which has analyzed, compared using the approach of analysis of variance (ANOVA).
      1  44
  • Publication
    A rational cubic spline technique for preserving the positivity of data
    ( 2016)
    Anas Khalaf Faris Al-Abbasi
    This work intends to address the problem of the visualization of curves (2-dimensional data representation) and surfaces (3-dimensional data representation) with the aim and provision that their display looks smooth and modifiable. In order to achieve these goals, we proposed a C1 spline interpolation. For the treatment of the 2D data visualization problem, the proposed function has been made to contain three positive shape parameters in each subinterval of its construction. Simple data-dependent constraints are derived for single shape parameter to ensure preserving the positivity through given positive data while the remaining two parameters are left free for designer’s choice for the curves’ refinement and/or manipulation. This interpolation has been extended into rational bi-cubic spline interpolation to treat the problem of 3D data visualization. The extended interpolation has been made to involve six positive shape parameters in each rectangular patch of the surface construction. In this case, constraints are derived for two shape parameters for conserving the surface positivity while the remaining four parameters are left free according to designer’s will for the surface smoothing and/or manipulating. Half of these shape parameters are set in the x-direction and the other half are set in the y-direction in such a way that each one of the free parameters can be changed separately to obtain different data representation models accordingly. The scheme under discussion is locally effective on the data intervals and does not allow to be inserted with any new knots to preserve the positivity. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed scheme is successfully producing interactive, smooth and modifiable curves and surfaces.
      7  12
  • Publication
    A study in the theory of geometric functions of a complex variable
    ( 2016)
    Hiba Fawzi Sabba Al-Janaby
    This thesis deals with various types of analytic geometric functions in the open unit disk, such as normalized, meromorphic, p-valent, harmonic, and fractional analytic functions. Five problems are discussed. First, the class of analytic functions of fractional power is suggested and used to define a generalized fractional differential operator, which corresponds to the Srivastava–Owa operator. The upper and lower bounds for fractional analytic functions containing this operator are discussed by employing the first-order subordination and superordination. Coefficient bounds for the new subclass of multivalent ( p-valent) analytic functions containing a certain linear operator are then presented. Other geometric properties of this class are studied. A new subclass of meromorphic valent functions defined by subordination and convolution is also established, and some of its geometric properties are studied. For a normalized function, the extended Gauss hypergeometric functions, which are generalized integral operators involving the Noor integral operator, are posed and examined. New subclasses of analytic functions containing the generalized integral operator are defined and established. In addition, some sandwich results are obtained. Third-order differential subordination outcomes for the linear operator convoluting the fractional integral operator with the incomplete beta function related to the Gauss hypergeometric function, are investigated. The dual concept of the third-order differential superordination is also considered to obtain third-order differential sandwich-type outcomes. Results are acquired by determining the appropriate classes of admissible functions for third-order differential functions. The final phase of this dissertation introduces two subclasses of S'h , which are denoted by LH(r) and H(a,B) . Coefficient bounds, extreme points, convolution, convex combinations, and closure under an integral operator are investigated for harmonic univalent functions in the subclasses H(a,B) and Lh (r) . Connections between harmonic univalent and hypergeometric functions are also fully investigated
      4  8
  • Publication
    A study of LIE group method and its application to solve the unsteady transonic flow
    ( 2014)
    Mohammad Huskhazrin Kharuddin
    The non-linear equations of motion describing the unsteady transonic flow in cartesian coordinates are considered in this dissertation. A method known as Lie group which reduce the non-linear partial differential equation to an ordinary differential equation on the basis of the underlying symmetry structure has been used. The Lie method is quite useful in reducing a complex equation to an easy-to-handle ordinary differential equation. By employing the Lie theory, the full one-parameter infinitesimal transformation group leaving the equations of motion invariance is derived along with its associated Lie algebra. Subgroups of the full group are then used to obtain a reduction by one in the number of independent variables in the system. These reductions are continued until an ordinary differential equation is reached. A series type exact solution of these reduced ordinary differential equation is obtained which leads to a series type exact solution of the unsteady transonic flow equation. The Lie group method seems to be an appropriate choice to handle these nonlinear equation.
      1  5
  • Publication
    A study on the existence and uniqueness of a class of nonlinear fractional differential equations
    ( 2018)
    Mohammed Jasim Mohammed
    Fractional calculus is the important branch of mathematical analysis field. It covenants with the requests and exploration of derivatives and integrals of random order. Periodic motion and special phenomena are very important not only in natural science, but also in social science. In general, not all differential equations have periodic solutions. But there exist special differential equations which are interesting to get their periodic solutions, which are neutral and Rayleigh differential equations. Rayleigh differential equation has many applications in physics and biology. It deals with experimental results with periodicity. The existence of periodic and positive outcome is established in a new method. Some available work in the literature are developed and extended on the existence and uniqueness of a class of fractional differential equation. All the classes of fractional differential equations are interpreted under Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus. This thesis focuses on the development of fractional calculus to extend and generalize many classes of fractional differential equations. The main scope of this study is fractional neutral differential equation, fractional Rayleigh differential equation and fractional neutral Rayleigh differential equation. This study establishes new results on the existence and uniqueness of fractional neutral, fractional Rayleigh and fractional neutral Rayleigh differential equations. A mathematical model was studied by generalization of the neutral differential equation of the first order. A composition theorem for m-PΛΛ functions under appropriate conditions was proved based on interpolation theory and Banach’s fixed point theorem. Therefore, the solution, in this case, is unique. As the Riemann–Liouville fractional calculus was not periodic, a construction to get the periodicity of some classes of fractional differential equations was introduced. A Rayleigh-type equation with state-dependent delay was considered and the existence of periodic solutions to this equation was investigated. During the generalization, Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives was utilized and sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions were obtained.
      8  19
  • Publication
    Air quality assessment in Perlis
    ( 2017)
    Nurul Faizliyana Kamil
    The aim of this research is to determine the factor involved in air pollution in Perlis and to define the Multiple Linear Regression model for ozone concentration based on the variables involved in air pollution and also determine the characteristics of the variables. The observable data refer to the recorded hourly air quality data for 2003 until 2014 for Perlis that have been received from Air Quality Division of the Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Malaysia. Data refer to hourly recorded data that involved five major pollutants and four meteorological variables. The variables are O3, CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction. Since it involve with large data set, factor analysis is applied. Factor analysis classify the 9 variables into three factors and name the factor as human activities factor, wind factor and atmospheric factor. Based on the analysis, concentration of O3 show significant differences during daytime and night time. So that the data are separated into daytime and night time and then be applied with the multiple linear regression in order to model O3 concentration based on the air pollutants (CO, NO2, PM10, SO2) and meteorological variables(temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction). R2 values showed that 45.6% variation of O3 formation is explained by 7 independent variables during day time and 34.5% variation of O3 formation is explained by 7 independent variables during night time. The Multiple Linear Regression model was tested for goodness of fit using Mean Absolute Error Value and Normalized Absolute Error. The test showed that MLR model is best fit model for O3 formation during daytime compared to night time.
      3  14
  • Publication
    Algorithms for leukaemia image edge detection technique
    ( 2017)
    Moath Ali Mohammed Alshorman
    Edge detection is an essential pre-processing operation in image processing and pattern recognition. It involves identifying and tracing the sharp sudden discontinuities to extract meaningful information from an image. Edge detection simplify the analysis of an image by drastically reducing the amount of data to be processed and filtering out inadequate information, while at the same time preserving useful structural information about object boundaries in an image. The discontinuities signify the sudden changes in pixel intensity which describes boundaries of objects in a scene. The purpose of the present study is to detect the leukaemia edges in the white blood cell image. Toward this end, two distinctive procedures are implemented which are Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and the gradient edge detectors (Sobel, Prewitt and Robert). The latter involves image filtering, binarization, kernel convolution filtering and image transformation. Meanwhile, ACO involves filtering, enhancement, detection and localization of the edges. Finally, the performance of the edge detection methods ACO, Sobel, Prewitt and Robert is compared in order to determine the best edge detection method which yielded optimal true edges of leukaemia in the white blood cell image. The results revealed distinctive results whereby the Prewitt edge detection method produced optimal performance for detecting edges of leukaemia cells with a value of (5982) active pixels. Meanwhile, the ACO, Sobel and Robert yielded active pixels of (2970), (5318) and (3810) respectively. Overall findings indicated that the gradient edge detection methods are superior to the Ant Colony Optimization method.
      10  12
  • Publication
    An approximate arithmetic progression approach for image filtering technique
    ( 2018)
    Bilal Charmouti
    Image have a significant importance in many fields in human life such as, in medicine, photography, biology, astronomy, industry and defense. Thus, it attracts the attention of large number of researchers, among them those interested in preserving the image features from any factors that may reduce the image quality. Removing noise from the image by retaining the features of this treated image remains a standing challenge for the researchers in image processing field. Therefore, this study is carried out to propose and implement a new filtering technique for removing Salt & Pepper noise from the digital image. This technique permits the narrowing of the gap between the original and the restored images, visually and quantitatively by adopting the mathematical concept (arithmetic progression) due to its ability in modelling the variation of pixels intensity in the image. The principle of the proposed filtering technique relies on the precision, where it keeps the uncorrupted pixels by using effective noise detection and converts the corrupted pixels by replacing them with other closest pixels from the original image at lower cost and with more simplicity. The results illustrate that the proposed filtering technique gives an acceptable performance compared to the existing methods whether visually or quantitatively with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error (MSE).
      3  5
  • Publication
    An extended thomas-fermi model with clustering in Nuclei
    ( 2016)
    Nooraihan Abdullah
    In this study, a phenomenological theory of nuclei that includes clustering at the nuclear surface in a general form is presented. The theory elaborates the recently extracted large symmetry energy by Natowitz et al., at low densities of nuclear matter and is fully consistent with the static properties of nuclei. Clusters of all sizes and shapes together with medium alterations are included in a phenomenological way. Discussion about the symmetric nuclear matter properties are presented in detail. Arguments are stated, which bring to an equation of state of nuclear matter consistent with clustering in the low-density region. In addition, the justification and discussion about the properties of asymmetric nuclear matter are given. Due to the clustering, an interesting interpretation of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter comes into view. An extended version of Thomas-Fermi theory is adopted as a framework for nuclei where it also consist of the phenomenological pairing and Wigner contributions. This theory relates the nuclear matter equation of state, which includes clustering at low densities, with clustering in nuclei at the nuclear surface. Calculations are carried out for different equations of state of nuclear matter. This study take into account binding energies of 2149 nuclei for N,Z  8. The significance of the quartic term in symmetry energy is illustrated at and below the saturation density of nuclear matter. It is demonstrated that it is greatly connected to the use of ab initio, a realistic equation of state of neutron matter, especially the contribution originating from the three neutron interactions and rather clustering. The causes for these are presented. The neutron skin thickness in nuclei is found to reduce significantly, for the reason of clustering. The developed theory predicts circumstances and methodologies to be examine both theoretically and experimentally.
      1  8
  • Publication
    An interval-valued fuzzy set approach for evaluating students answer scripts in engineering mathematics 3 : a case study at Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Balik Pulau
    ( 2018)
    Saiful Muzeini Mariduan
    Generally, education institutions must provide students’ evaluation reports regarding their test or examination as sufficient as possible and with the unavoidable error as small as possible. Therefore in this dissertation, the existing method had been used as an alternative method for evaluating students’ answer scripts that is interval-valued fuzzy set based on interval-valued fuzzy grade sheets. The marks for each question have been awarded to the answer in the students’ answer scripts are represented by intervalvalued fuzzy sets by an interval between zero and one. The degree of similarity between an interval-valued fuzzy mark and a standard interval-valued fuzzy set will be calculated by similarity function. An index of optimism, λ will be determined by the evaluator. It is used to indicate the degree of optimism of the evaluator. Then, the grading system based on fuzzy method will be compared with classical evaluation method where the score is given one if it is true and zero marks when it is false. The result of the evaluation between two methods shows that 70 percent of the 20 students increase the marks. Besides that, 3 students increase their grade meanwhile 5 students decrease their grading when using interval-valued fuzzy set method. It has also shown that the range between the highest and the lowest marks for classical evaluation method is 42 and for interval-valued fuzzy set method are 13. This dissertation help examiners graded different assessment score in generating single score or grade and also help them knowing the student's achievement level in the assessed course. This dissertation also showed a good and successful fuzzy set theory application on student grading system. An interval-valued fuzzy set method can evaluate students’ answer scripts in a more flexible and more intelligent manner.
      4  9
  • Publication
    Application of cubic timmer curve with countinuity on batik design
    ( 2017)
    Noor Hairulnisa Noor Mohameed
    In the world of CAGD, to create curve the research tends to use the curve that been usually used such as B-Spline and Bezier. Apparently, the researcher tends to choose cubic curve because it is easier to generate in coding that been created. In this study, Cubic Timmer curve that been chosen to create the curve based on chosen example which is a sample of Batik Design because advantages of Cubic Timmer curve is it tend to go through the midpoint of control polygon that brings a lot of help in creating the curve. Cubic Timmer curves that been created had C0 or C1 continuity by using Mathematica and MATLAB software. After a sample of Batik design is chosen, the sample been inserted into Mathematica then control points are selected. The control points that been selected are insert into coding in MATLAB then been generated to have a curve. Among the curves that been generated, the control point must be adjusted to make the curve having 1 C continuity if the curves are not to be connected by 1 C continuity then it is 0 C continuity. If the curve that been generated is not fulfilled the curve that desired then the control points must be altered to have a good resemble curve as sample. The result is mimicking the sample of Batik design perfectly since of its uniqueness properties that help a lot in creating the curve.
      13  32
  • Publication
    Application of program evaluation and review technique (PERT) and linear programming (LP) in project management
    ( 2015)
    Siti Fairuz A. Rahim
    Throughout the years, businesses execute a systematic change, such as constructing a building, merging with another company or making a new product. These changes lead to the management of a project. To construct a project, various dataflow are required. However, project management nowadays demand more complex products, higher quality outputs and faster development cycles. This will cause massive scale of planning a project which leads to massive cost. Therefore, this study aims for an optimization in managing a project. The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) which originally designed to plan a project that emphasizes the relationship between the times each activity takes and the resulting time and cost for the expected completion of the entire project. In PERT, a graphical network is used to illustrate the precedence or parallel relationship among the activities. It‟s also identifying the expected completion time of a project and the critical path where more resources should be concentrated to finish the project on time. However, the expected time of a project can also be shorten to a certain level by the used of additional resources which is called crashing. Reducing the duration might include using overtime, assigning more labour and using more resources such as material, equipment and so on. These actions may result in higher cost and lower quality. Thus, crashing decision can be formulated by using Linear Programming (LP). LP technique seeks to determine the optimization project cost. It is also boast efficiency of computational algorithm for problems with thousands of constraint and variables which analyse by using Excel Solver. In this research, PERT and LP are applied on a large-scale of projects which construct a new building consist of Administration Office and Medan Selera at the Main Campus of University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Mukim Padang Siding, Pauh, Perlis
      1  5
  • Publication
    Application of Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Linear Programming (LP) in project management
    ( 2015)
    Siti Fairuz A. Rahim
    Throughout the years, businesses execute a systematic change, such as constructing a building, merging with another company or making a new product. These changes lead to the management of a project. To construct a project, various dataflow are required. However, project management nowadays demand more complex products, higher quality outputs and faster development cycles. This will cause massive scale of planning a project which leads to massive cost. Therefore, this study aims for an optimization in managing a project. The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) which originally designed to plan a project that emphasizes the relationship between the times each activity takes and the resulting time and cost for the expected completion of the entire project. In PERT, a graphical network is used to illustrate the precedence or parallel relationship among the activities. It‟s also identifying the expected completion time of a project and the critical path where more resources should be concentrated to finish the project on time. However, the expected time of a project can also be shorten to a certain level by the used of additional resources which is called crashing. Reducing the duration might include using overtime, assigning more labour and using more resources such as material, equipment and so on. These actions may result in higher cost and lower quality. Thus, crashing decision can be formulated by using Linear Programming (LP). LP technique seeks to determine the optimization project cost. It is also boast efficiency of computational algorithm for problems with thousands of constraint and variables which analyse by using Excel Solver. In this research, PERT and LP are applied on a large-scale of projects which construct a new building consist of Administration Office and Medan Selera at the Main Campus of University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Mukim Padang Siding, Pauh, Perlis
      7  15
  • Publication
    Application of said-ball curve with continuity in Jawi design
    ( 2017)
    Nur Aliah Izzati Rosman
    Ball basis was introduced for cubic polynomials by Ball, then the generalized for polynomials of higher odd degree by Said. Curve fitting is one of the main problems in reverse engineering. An Arabic font is difficult to fit as it is cursive in character, having varying curves and cusps. In this dissertation, a rarely used type of curve called odd degree Said-Ball Curve has been designed to capture Arabic fonts. The process to design those characters includes the following steps: Choose image of character, print the image of a character, detections of boundary, corner points and segmentation, apply suitable continuity and then fitting the optimal curve segment. As a method of reverse engineering, the Arabic character is created by fitting the curve segments to the control polygon of the character’s image. Segmentation process involves the degree elevation and reduction for Said-Ball Curve based on the number of control points selected for every segment. The control polygon and the segment are adjusted to get the curve look like the image to ensure that odd degree Said-Ball Curve is reliable in designing Jawi based on visual comparison. The finding of this dissertation is curve fitting of Jawi character by odd degree Said-Ball Curve. This technique can be extended to visualizing any other image as long as the design process is needed in various other applications.
      2  7
  • Publication
    Appromating the temperatures profiles for human skin tissue layers during heat wave using finite difference method
    ( 2018)
    Nurul Syazwani Omar
    In 2016, Malaysia was stricken by a bad heat wave. Since today, there were no study yet on the effect of heat wave in Malaysia to human skin tissue layers. Therefore this study presents a Finite Difference Method application to the thermal study of three layers of human skin tissue namely epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Pennes’ bioheat equation used to represent the thermal distribution in human skin tissue layers. It is assumed that the surface of the skin expose to different surrounding temperature. Finite difference method is used to approximate the temperatures profiles for human skin tissue layers with the help of MATLAB software. The calculation showed an expected result which is surrounding temperature does effect the temperature distribution in human skin tissue layers. At each 10℃ increase in surrounding temperature, the temperature in epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue will increase around 0.9℃, 0.8℃ and 0.4℃, respectively.In 2016, Malaysia was stricken by a bad heat wave. Since today, there were no study yet on the effect of heat wave in Malaysia to human skin tissue layers. Therefore this study presents a Finite Difference Method application to the thermal study of three layers of human skin tissue namely epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Pennes’ bioheat equation used to represent the thermal distribution in human skin tissue layers. It is assumed that the surface of the skin expose to different surrounding temperature. Finite difference method is used to approximate the temperatures profiles for human skin tissue layers with the help of MATLAB software. The calculation showed an expected result which is surrounding temperature does effect the temperature distribution in human skin tissue layers. At each 10℃ increase in surrounding temperature, the temperature in epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue will increase around 0.9℃, 0.8℃ and 0.4℃, respectively.
      2  3
  • Publication
    Approximating one-dimensional coupled shallow water equation for predicting Tsunami wave propagation using new semi-implicit method
    ( 2016)
    Siti Maryam Hafiza Mohd Kanafiah
    Tsunamis are uncommon events compared to natural hazards. Population growth along the shorelines has increased the statistic of the number of victims affected by the tsunami disaster. In order to help people to be aware about the tsunami disasters, a tsunami wave propagation must be predicted. This study proposed a one dimensional coupled shallow water equation for predicting the tsunami wave propagation. The simulation of numerical modelling was conducted to predict the occurrence of tsunami wave propagation. In order to approximate the shallow water equation, the discretization process was conducted using a new semi-implicit method which is one of the methods in finite difference method. A problem regarding the free surface wave damping problem were used in validating the semiimplicit method. After the validation process, the numerical algorithm was developed in MATLAB software to solve the one dimensional coupled shallow water equation for the tsunami wave propagation. For the purposes of the simulation, the boundary condition and initial condition, the spatial steps and time steps as well as the approximation of shallow water equation were encoded. The simulation results of one dimensional shallow water equation successfully predicted the behaviour of the tsunami propagation near the coastline after the earthquake ground shaking occurred.
      1  5
  • Publication
    Approximating one-dimensional coupled shallow-water equations for predicting tsunami wave propagation using finite difference method
    ( 2017)
    Nurhusnina Mohd Supian
    Several countries on the Indian Ocean are hit by the tsunami on 26th December 2004. The tsunami is a rare phenomenon compared to other natural hazards. In order to enhance the preparedness of the people due to the tsunami, the tsunami wave propagation is predicted. Hence one-dimensional shallow-water equations are used in this study since the tsunami is considered as a shallow-water wave. The shallow-water equations are discretized using explicit finite difference method. Then, the numerical method is validated with  -method and analytical solution for free surface wave damping problem as to ensure that the proposed method is suitable for solving onedimensional shallow-water equations. The tsunami wave heights and effects show a high variability along the coastline. One way to study this complexity is by simulating the tsunami wave propagation. To simulate the tsunami, the boundary conditions, initial conditions, spatial and time step sizes, as well as the shallow-water equations in finite difference form, are coded into MATLAB software. The results showed that the tsunami wave is propagating towards the coastline as the time increases. The simulation results had successfully predicted the behaviour of tsunami wave propagation near the coastline.
      7  4
  • Publication
    Boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with suction and slip effect
    ( 2017)
    Nur Athirah Azami
    In this thesis, the problem of steady boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking surface with the velocity slip boundary condition and suction is considered. The fluid that considered in this study, namely the nanofluid. The study starts with the formulations of the mathematical models that governed the fluid flow and heat transfer. Next, the governing nonlinear equations in the form of partial differential equations are reduced into ordinary differential equations using an appropriate similarity transformation. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations is then solved numerically using a shooting method by means of the built-in programmme in the MAPLE 12 software. The numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number which represents the heat transfer rate at the surface and the local Sherwood as well as the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles, are obtained for the governing parameter namely slip effect parameter with the fixed values of suction parameter, stretching/shrinking parameter, the Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis number and Prandtl number. The numerical results obtained are presented in the form of tables and graphs. The comparisons of results with previous studies are made to validate the results obtained. It is found the flow and heat transfer characteristics are influenced by slip effect parameter. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number decrease whereas the local Sherwood number increases with the increasing of slip effect parameter. The dual solutions are obtained for a certain range of the parameters involved.
      2  10
  • Publication
    Design optimization of the interior vehicle noise and vibration through computational approaches
    ( 2017)
    Adel Mohammed Mohammed Al-Dhahedi
    Noise and vibration performance is an indispensable criterion in vehicle design and validation processes since it significantly affects the marketing image of automotive vehicles. The primary goal of this study is to assess and optimize the acoustic and vibration levels in the interior vehicle cabin. The study demonstrated experimental design to acquire sound and vibration signals using three local compact Perodua cars namely Axia, Myvi and Viva on idle (stationary) and non-stationary (highway, pavement and urban) driving conditions. The measured sounds and vibrations are analyzed to obtain the sound quality and vibration exposure levels in the interior cabin. Apart from this, the study presents a formulation of Noise Isolation Index (NII) based on categorizing the trends of sound quality into interior and exterior noises. The NII is developed, compared and validated for the three tested cars and the results showed that Axia has the highest comfort and thus optimal isolation criterion toward the exterior noises. Besides conducting clustering to compare the interior comfort of Axia, Myvi and Viva, this study developed Genetic Algorithm to further optimize the noise and vibration in the interior vehicle cabin. The results of GA model revealed that the interior noise is influenced by vibration exposure values in the interior vehicle cabin. Overall findings of this study indicate that the comfort level is factually influenced by factors including type of road surface, engine transmissions and vehicle design characteristics.
      9  5