Publications 2021

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/3707

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Browsing Publications 2021 by Department "Institute of Engineering Mathematics"
  • Publication
    A study of extreme learning machine on small sample-sized classification problems
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Ooi B.P.
    ;
    Norasmadi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Ammar Zakaria
    Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a special type of single hidden layer feedforward neural network that emphasizes training speed and optimal generalization. The ELM model proposes that the weights of hidden neurons need not be tuned, and the weights of output neurons can be calculated by finding the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse method. Thus, the ELM classifier is suitable to use in a homogeneous ensemble model due to the untuned random hidden weights which promote diversity even with the same training data. This paper studies the effectiveness of the ELM ensemble models in solving small sample-sized classification problems. The research involves two variants of the ensemble model: the normal ELM ensemble with majority voting (ELE), and the random subspace method (RS-ELM). To simulate the small sample cases, only 30% of the total data will be used as the training data. Experiment results show that the RS-ELM model can outperform a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model under the assumptions of a Friedman test. Furthermore, the ELE model has similar performance as an MLP model under the same assumptions.
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  • Publication
    The Influence of Grasping Technique and Arm Posture on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Fitriyani N.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Kasim M.F.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Ghazali Z.
    Traditional archery is becoming popular and has attracted many people at different age level to acquire skills and finally participate in competitive games. It differs from modern recurve archery where it could not rely on equipment for accuracy and stability. It depends on the skilled developed by the archer and adaptability to the environment for competition. Technique of archery shooting was written in many books and may require investigation to confirm their effect on performance of an archer. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of arm posture and bow’s grasping techniques on the traditional archer’s shooting performance (higher score and minimal distance from bulls eye to the location where the arrow hits the target). Four experienced archers performed 5 m indoor shooting and their movement was recorded using motion capture system. The Square grasping technique resulted in more higher scores and minimal distance as compared to the other technique. Overall, the arm posture angle, Φ, did not influenced the shooting performance, except for the Oblique grasping technique.
  • Publication
    The Influence of Saracen Archery Grasping Techniques and Forearm Muscles Activation on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery: A Pilot Study
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Kamarudin N.F.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Kasim M.F.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of four grasping techniques recommended by Saracen Archery and associated forearm muscles activation on traditional archer’s shooting performance. Each archer has shot 6 arrows in each grasping technique to the target, EMG activities of muscle Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (MFDS) and muscle Extensor Digitorum (MED) were collected in bow arm during aiming phase. The shooting performance was indicated by the distance from arrow hitting point on the target to the bull’s eye. The results revealed that each subject has specific grasping technique to obtain the best shooting performance. The grasping technique that generated the best performance is not as recommended by Saracen Archery. All subjects indicated that the best shooting performance was obtained when MED activated more than MFDS.