The traditional or modern practice of sharing breastmilk raises concern regarding security, traceability, safety, and quality assurance. This systematic review explores the application of blockchain technology in addressing these issues, aiming to enhance the security and efficiency of breastmilk sharing in healthcare settings. This systematic review delves into the burgeoning intersection of blockchain technology and online breast milk services, exploring the multifaceted landscape encompassing healthcare data management, privacy, safety, security, quality assurance, governance, interoperability, and legal and regulatory challenges. Employing a comprehensive research methodology, we conducted an extensive review of scholarly articles of Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique. The final main data is n = 26 and analyzed using synthesis approach. Four main themes were generated: (i) blockchain for healthcare data management, (ii) privacy of data, safety, security, and quality assurance for donated breastmilk, (iii) governance and interoperability, (iv) legal and regulatory challenges. This systematic review highlighted the vast potential, capabilities, opportunities, and challenges of using blockchain for a noble cause of sharing or donating breastmilk. The inputs are useful for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers in fostering an introducing better policy, policy interventions and legal mechanisms for a better, secure, transparent, and ethical digital ecosystem in maternal and child healthcare.
