Fig is rich in nutrients and has a high market value due to its extensive application in promoting a nutritious food supply and supporting various medical disciplines. However, the equatorial climate in Malaysia poses significant difficulties for the large-scale cultivation of figs. Therefore, a Smart Monitoring System for controlled Greenhouse Plantation was proposed in this study to enable more efficient cultivation. The proposed system was equipped with LoRa and GSM to overcome the distance and data transmission limitations, developed using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The proposed system consists of sensors to measure soil moisture, temperature, and humidity, while the data is transmitted using long-range LoRa communication to the control unit. The sensors circuit also has a solar power supply for convenient application in rural areas. The control unit is placed at a location with good data coverage. The system functioned well, and the monitoring parameter was accurately read, collected, and updated every 30 minutes. The optimal temperature, humidity, and soil moisture for growing fig is 22°C-33°C, > 60%, and 50%-60%, respectively. Real-time data monitoring enabled the sensors and control unit to achieve LoRa data transmission over a distance of 2.5 km. Any data exceeding the controlled parameters will trigger an alarm so that the user can perform corrective actions.
