Graphite-doped titanium dioxide (Gr-TiO₂) thin films were synthesized via the sol-gel method to enhance the electrical properties of TiO₂ for advanced electronic and biosensor applications. The study focuses on optimizing the drying temperatures and graphite doping levels to achieve improved film crystallinity, morphology, and conductivity. Thin films were deposited using spin-coating and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-power microscopy (HPM), and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Results indicate that increasing drying temperature enhances grain coalescence and reduces porosity, leading to improved electrical conductivity. Graphite doping effectively narrows the bandgap and introduces additional charge carriers. These findings demonstrate the potential of Gr-TiO₂ thin films for applications in photovoltaics, sensors, and other optoelectronic devices.
