Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Publication
    Performance Analysis of Unipolar SPWM Inverter: Resistive load and Inductive load
    ( 2020-12-18) ;
    Yusof A.M.
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    Ahmad N.I.
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    ; ;
    Rahman D.H.A.
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    This paper presents the performance analysis of the Unipolar SPWM Inverter for the resistive and inductive load testing. The common criteria reported in various technical papers where the resistive load will produce a unity power factor correction and lagging power factor behaviour for inductive load. This paper is to demonstrate the performance of both loads that are tested to the single phase Unipolar SPWM inverter under the modulation ratio of 0.8. The performances will be covered in term of the waveform behavior and THDv performance. The project are carried out through the simulation using PSIM software and real implementation to the real hardware. The selection of filter for this paper is the low pass passive LC filter.
  • Publication
    The ARX and ARMAX Models for thermoelectric cooling on glass windows: A Comparative study
    Thermoelectric cooling (TEC), in particular, can be combined with a heat sink for local cooling, but they can also be integrated into electronic chips for point-to-point cooling. The study aims to develop a dynamic model of a cooling system integrated with TEC for glass window. The main target of this study is to develop a dynamic model of a cooling system integrated with TEC. The black box modelling approach in producing a mathematical model was selected based on the ARMAX and ARX model that corresponds to the actual dynamic state of the cooling system. The best model was finalized based on the best match on curve patterns when comparing the real and estimated models using the system identification tools in MATLAB, and also having the least error. The accuracy of the models was compared and analysed. The results showed that the 4th order of the ARMAX model produced a higher best fitting and standard deviation values of 80.23% and 0.027592 compared to the 4th order of the ARX model of 78.14% and 0.030769 respectively. This system accuracy is almost within the acceptable range for most error calculations in the validation method. Yet, this cooling system integrated with TEC is found more suitable for the 4th order of the ARMAX model when compared to the ARX model due to the noise parameter in the ARMAX model. Nevertheless, the noise order in this system is not dominant, therefore, whenever the noise order of the system in the ARMAX model is high than the second structure (nb), the number of errors is also high. In addition, the ARMAX model is found incapable of achieving the highest fitting due to the losses from the dynamic environment and losses from the TEC itself. Still, the use of this black box model used in this study is a significant variation where system parameters can be identified even offline.
  • Publication
    A Review on BLDC Motor Application in Electric Vehicle (EV) using Battery, Supercapacitor and Hybrid Energy Storage System: Efficiency and Future Prospects
    ( 2023-04-01)
    Aziz M.A.A.
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    Fahmi M.I.
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    Othman S.M.
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    ; ;
    The automotive industry has rapidly introduced pollution-free vehicles such as Electric Vehicle (EV). The development and improvement of the EV to replace the conventional vehicle become crucial to obtain the customer satisfaction and high technology achievements. The main systems in EV that are improvise to be switch from the conventional engine with a fuel source to an electric type drive system, include the electric motor and the energy/power storage called battery. There are several types of electric motors that suitable for EV and the best solution was Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor in terms of power, speed, torque and low maintenance. Meanwhile, the fuel source replacement is the electrical energy/power storage such as batteries. The aims were to study the best Energy Storage System (ESS) in EV which leads to introducing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), but the drawbacks of the system give the opportunity improvement, in replacement using Supercapacitor Energy storage System (SESS) and Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). SESS is a reliable source, but the stand-alone Supercapacitor also has a minimum operation time. With several adjustments in the energy management control strategy, the discharge rate of energy from a supercapacitor can be minimized to prolong its operation.
  • Publication
    Identification of ARX Model for Thermoelectric Cooling on Glass Windows
    Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a solid-state heat pump that uses the Peltier effect to dissipate the heat generated by the electronic packaging system. TECs are widely used in aerospace, military, scientific work and industry due to small size, lack of moving parts, and ease of integration. In this study, a cooling system integrated with TEC is developed in a testing area (lecturer’s office) with the aim to reduce the temperature of the hot glass window area due to solar radiation that passes through it. This cooling system used direct TEC, for keeping the cooling temperature on the window to about 26 °C which is equivalent to an air conditioning setting temperature of 26 °C set during the experiment. This work includes experimental and modelling studies conducted on cooling systems integrated with TEC. The main target of this study is to develop a dynamic model of a cooling system integrated with TEC. The black box modelling approach in producing a mathematical model was selected based on the ARX model that corresponds to the actual dynamic state of the cooling system. The best model was finalized based on the best match on curve patterns when comparing the real and estimated models using the system identification tools in MATLAB, and also had the least error. The accuracy of the models was compared and analysed. The results showed that the 4th order of the ARX model produced a higher best fitting and standard deviation values of 78.14% and 0.030769. This system accuracy is almost within the acceptable range for most error calculations in the validation method. In addition, the ARX model is found incapable of achieving the highest fitting due to the losses from the dynamic environment and losses from the TEC itself. Still, the use of this black box model used in this study is a significant variation where system parameters can be identified even offline.
  • Publication
    The performance of the optimisation and regenerative braking systems by using PI controlling technique for Electric Vehicle (EV)
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Rahmat A.
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    Fahmi M.I.
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    Fang L.H.
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    Mustafa A.A.
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    Noh H.M.T.
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    Electric automobiles have lower fuel costs because electric motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines. These automobiles can only drive a certain distance because to insufficient batteries and the lack of charging stations. EVs, on the other hand, lack a short driving distance and require frequent charging and discharging of power batteries. EVs will benefit from the development of energy-saving technologies that will expand their reach and prevent battery damage caused by frequent charging and discharging. The goal is to improve the energy efficiency of braking system and its motor efficiency to generate current, as well as to improve regenerative braking (RB) efficiency in EV's. Using a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by adding an LC filter is the method that will be applied. A significant addition of current and less ripple and spike in the torque and a quick dynamic interference is the desired result. The performance of the system optimisation and RB circuit systems by using PI controlling technique. The output from torque produced by a 2200 Rpm is 3 Nm and demonstrates that the BLDC motor is efficient when driven by an LC filter circuit. Finally, using the Matlab/Simulink tool, this research presents a thorough simulation of a BLDC motor's operation as a motor and a generator with RB to create more current in EVs.
  • Publication
    Adaptive PD Controller Performance for Direct Cooling of Thermoelectric Refrigerator
    Refrigerator is the key component to keep the medicine and biological sample in the hospital. The domestic refrigerator has the problem of larger size and heavier weight since to the compact system like condenser, compressor, evaporator and expansion valve are assemble and using in the refrigerator. This project focused on design of temperature control of the portable thermoelectric refrigerator for medical purpose. Thermoelectric refrigerator is using the direct cooling method through thermoelectric module. Thermoelectric refrigerator has several advantages such as smaller size, lighter and silent when operated. Since maintain a constant temperature for the storage of medical product is important, a specific refrigerator is needed to ensure the medicine is stored in desired temperature. This project is to design and develop an adaptive control system which can perform a good temperature control for the thermoelectric refrigerator. The second order model is applied to design adaptive Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller. The selected controller is the adaptive PD controller because the performance of response shows 0.42 C of less steady state error and 0.21 C of lower undershoot. The adaptive PD control system designed able to let the refrigerator operate in different operating condition without influence the performance of the refrigerator.
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  • Publication
    Implementation of Two-Stage Multilevel Inverter System Using PIC Controller
    In this study, the Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CMLI) is described for use with infrared dryer loads. Because of the low harmonic distortion content and reduced voltage stress in the switching devices, CMLI is one of particular interest. The CMLI topology and the Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulsed Width Modulation (SHEPWM) technology were studied and evaluated. To evaluate the inverter, SHEPWM modulation was studied and applied. The system also includes a DC-DC converter. The converter was designed to be used in infrared drying system powered by direct current (DC) power where an increased output voltage is required. This study also presented an evaluation of performance using infrared load of the CMLI based on power used at 100 W. As a result, a comparison of input power was made, and an assessment into the converter's power quality in terms of harmonic content and overall efficiency was conducted. The implementation of the system by hardware had been able to reduce the harmonic to 15.5%.
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