Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Publication
    Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Varied Cross-Sectional Areas in Sleep Apnea Individuals across Diverse Situations
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition that impacts a significant portion of the population. To better understand this condition, research has been conducted on inhaling and exhaling breathing airflow parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach and an SST turbulence model have been utilized to simulate the upper airway airflow. A 3D airway model has been created using advanced software such as the Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS. The aim of the research was to fill this gap by conducting a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the influence of cross-sectional areas on airflow characteristics during inhale and exhale breathing in OSA patients. The lack of detailed understanding of how the cross-sectional area of the airways affects OSA patients and the airflow dynamics in the upper airway is the primary problem addressed by this research. The simulations revealed that the cross-sectional area of the airway has a notable impact on velocity, Reynolds number, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). TKE, which measures turbulence flow in different breathing scenarios among patients, could potentially be utilized to assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This research found a vital correlation between maximum pharyngeal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and cross-sectional areas in OSA patients, with a variance of 29.47%. Reduced cross-sectional area may result in a significant TKE rise of roughly 10.28% during inspiration and 10.18% during expiration.
      4  46
  • Publication
    Full Factorial Design Exploration Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization on the (FDM) 3D Printed Part
    ( 2020-09-21) ; ;
    Soon Lee W.
    ;
    Gunalan
    ;
    Fatin Najihah Nur
    ;
    Izzul Fadhli
    In the manufacturing industry, especially in automotive, quality, precision and productivity on the part that produces is crucial. 3D Printing technology offers a significant advantage to the manufacturer because its ability to produce complex geometry and low-cost investment risk compared with injection moulding. However, there are several issues of using this technology in mass scale and of the issue is dimensional accuracy. In this study, the application of optimisation approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has employed on 3D Printed bottom housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer in order to minimise shrinkage on 3D printed parts. Based on the optimisation work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
      6  32
  • Publication
    Shrinkage optimisation on the 3D printed part using Full Factorial Design (FFD) optimisation approach
    ( 2020-12-18) ; ;
    Lee W.S.
    ;
    Gunalan
    ;
    Najihah N.F.
    ;
    Fadhli I.
    Quality and productivity are both important in 3D printing products and processes. However, it is quite challenging to control the quality and productivity of each product due to several parameters involved in this additive manufacturing process. Most of the parameter settings depend on trial and error techniques which consume a lot of time and material waste. Therefore, in this study, the application of optimization approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has been employed on 3D printed housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer to minimize shrinkage on the 3D printed parts. Based on the optimization work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
      32  5
  • Publication
    Shrinkage optimisation on the 3D printed part using Full Factorial Design (FFD) optimisation approach
    (IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020) ; ;
    Woon Soon Lee
    ;
    Gunalan
    ;
    Najihah, Nur Fatin
    ;
    Izzul Fadhli
    Quality and productivity are both important in 3D printing products and processes. However, it is quite challenging to control the quality and productivity of each product due to several parameters involved in this additive manufacturing process. Most of the parameter settings depend on trial and error techniques which consume a lot of time and material waste. Therefore, in this study, the application of optimization approach which is Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach which has been employed on 3D printed housing part made from Polylactic Acid (PLA) which were printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printer to minimize shrinkage on the 3D printed parts. Based on the optimization work, the results showed the performance of FFD approach provides a good dimensional accuracy compared to the drawing specification for the printed part. Therefore, this research provides beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution for the additive manufacturing process in industries application to enhance the quality of the 3D printed parts produced using FDM 3D printer machine.
      2  19
  • Publication
    Effects of Cutouts on Energy Absorption Characteristics of Thin-walled Tube Impacted under Dynamic Loading
    A thin-walled tube is an energy absorber device that is commonly used in automotive and locomotive applications. The function of this element is to convert the kinetic energy into other forms of energy during a collision that can minimize injuries to the passengers. Therefore, various studies have been reported previously to improve the thin-walled structure to decrease the damage and provide protection for the vehicle and occupant. This study aims to determine the effects of the cutout on the thin-walled tube when impacted under dynamic axial loading. The effects of sizes, shapes, locations, and the number of cutouts on the energy absorption characteristics have been analyzed by using the validated finite element model. The result indicates that a circular tube with a square cutout shape, larger cutout sizes, and near the top-end of the tube has more energy absorption characteristics. Furthermore, the results of energy absorption (EA), crush force efficiency (CFE), and specific energy absorption (SEA) are highest when applying four cutouts on the surface of the thin-walled tube. Research information provided in this study will serve as a guide in designing the cutout thin-walled tube for crashworthiness enhancements in the future.
      7  36