Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Publication
    A brief review of the EMF interaction: Metal implantation and biological tissues
    In analyzing the near field for a device, such as a mobile phone used in close proximity to tissues, it is difficult to predict the electromagnetic field (EMF) and other characteristics, since certain parts of the mobile phone scatter and reflect the EMF. Moreover, the absorption of EMF in the lossy tissues mitigates as the radio frequency (RF) energy is absorbed by the tissue. In order to minimize the heating effect on human tissue caused by this absorption of RF energy by the human body, all communications equipment (CE) must comply with the guidelines that established the maximum power output of devices. Though RF emissions from CE are carefully measured, the probability exists that the RF characteristics are reformed somewhat when tissue that illuminated by RF energy embedded with implant, thereby increasing the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR is the fundamental metric for specifying RF absorption by tissues and it can be calculated at any location in the tissue.
  • Publication
    Critical Review: Adaptive Pole Assignment PID Controller on DC-DC Converters
    Recently, control usages of DC-DC converters have been widely investigated particularly in renewable energy; as the primary sources. Discovering the most appropriate control method to be applied in DC-DC converter topologies is the most significant interest of research and development in this field. Thus, the review is carried out in selecting a control method that capable to improve the functioning of the converters as well as reducing the effect of disturbances and load variances.
      34  1
  • Publication
    Determination of soft starter firing angle performance to mitigate motor high inrush current using current limitation method
    ( 2020-03-20) ;
    Azizan, Muhammad Mokhzaini
    ;
    ; ; ; ;
    Md Esa, Suhaireza Binti
    Inrush current in the simplest form can also be determined as current drawn by an induction motor during startup period. This starting current will shoot up about 5 to 7 times the rated current. However, this high current usually occur in the starting period only. To overcome this, several techniques can be implemented to reduce the high current. The configuration of soft starter just involving some power semiconductor device act as switches that control the current flow from power source to the motor. The switches is in form of thyristor and are connected back-to-back because the system conduct in AC system. The current output can be controlled by varying the firing angle. This changing of firing angle will be managed by a firing angle control circuit. This soft starter was connected between power source and motor. The thyristors that built in soft starter act like a gate to control the voltage applied to the motor. The firing angle for current limitation soft starter was changed to several angle and what can be concluded that the high current succeed to mitigate with increasing the firing angle. The current drawn for this type of starter is steadily constant. The lower current during starting took longer time for motor to reach its rated speed. This type of starter successfully reduces inrush current about 42 percent. Finally what can be concluded is that the soft starter was proven to mitigate inrush current. Type of soft starter that going to implement is depending on the application of motor. When the application need to control the torque is more suitable to use current limitation soft starter because the current is steadily control.
      35  1
  • Publication
    Technologies of solar tracking systems: A review
    Solar energy is abundantly in nature and sustainable energy resources around the world. The main challenge with the solar field is less amount of sun energy captured by using photovoltaic (PV) systems. The great performance of the PV systems can be achieved if the panel is kept perpendicular to the direction of the radiations of sun. Hence, solar tracker system is the method to keep the optimum position of the PV panel for always perpendicular to the solar radiation. This paper aims to review on various technologies of solar tracking to determine the best PV panel orientation. The various types of technologies of solar tracking system have been discussed which includes passive solar tracker, active solar tracker and chronological tracker system. The movement degrees of solar tracking system also have been addressed which consisting single-axis solar tracking system and dual-axis solar tracking system. This paper is also overviews the tracking techniques performance, construction, performance, advantages, and disadvantages of existing solar tracking system. The limitations of solar tracking systems are also highlighted for future action improvement. Through this research studies, the most favorable solar tracking system was identified as active solar tracker with the dual axis rotation.
      35  4
  • Publication
    The Development of Hybrid Cooling Photovoltaic Panel by using Active and Passive Cooling System
    Photovoltaic (PV) panel are crucial in the conversion of solar irradiance into electrical energy. However, the efficiency of PV panel is indirectly influenced by the surface temperature of the panels. According to typical PV module standards, the effect of panel temperature on efficiency is-0.47 %/°C, which indicates that a rise of 1°C reduces the PV panel's efficiency by 0.47 %. The efficiency of the PV panel achieves its maximum value when the panel temperature reaches 25 ℃, which is the standard test condition (STC). Moreover, a high working temperature can also reduce the lifetime of the PV panel. Based on the limitations that have been highlighted above, this project aims to design and develop a hybrid cooling PV panel by using active and passive cooling system with Arduino UNO R3. In this project, 100 W monocrystalline photovoltaic panel has been selected to analyze the result before and after installation of hybrid cooling system. Active cooling system is a water sprinkler system which is applied in front of the PV panel. Meanwhile, the passive cooling system is a combination of hydrogel beads and the heat-sink cooling system which will be installed behind the PV panel. In result, the average power output of PV panel without cooling was 30.59 W while the average power output of PV panel with hybrid cooling was 34.66 W. Moreover, the average power increased due to cooling was 13.31 %. In a nutshell, the proposed project has the ability to develop a hybrid cooling system to improve the performance and efficiency of the PV panel in order to increase the power output of the panel.