Kee Wei Chin
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Kee Wei Chin
Official Name
Kee Wei Chin
Alternative Name
Kee, Wei Chin
Kee, W. C.
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Scopus Author ID
57222297345
Researcher ID
DWF-0407-2022

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Effect of operating temperature in the anaerobic degradation of palm oil mill effluent: Process performance, microbial community, and biokinetic evaluation

2022-09-01 , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Kee Wei Chin

This research paper presents the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is an extension of a previously conducted mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) study. An anaerobic suspended growth closed bioreactor was operated at various hydraulic retention times (HRT) between 24 and 8 days. The effect of operating temperature on the performance, microbial identification, and biokinetic coefficients was evaluated. Performance was quantified by the production of biogas and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency. Biogas production in TAD (64.56 L/day) was higher than MAD (46.76 L/day). A higher COD reduction efficiency was also achieved in TAD (90.90%) compared to MAD (89.66%). Other than that, more species of methanogenic bacteria were also identified in TAD through 16S rDNA. Furthermore, the modified Monod model implemented in the biokinetic evaluation revealed that higher values of maximum substrate utilization rate (rx,max) and maximum specific biomass growth rate (μmax) contributed to the better performance in TAD. The high rx,max value explains the higher COD reduction efficiency obtained in TAD. The critical retention time (θC) in TAD is also higher than MAD, making it less prone to the washout of active microbes when operating near low retention times. Additionally, TAD also achieved higher methane yield (YCH4) as opposed to MAD. The extension study concluded that the TAD of POME demonstrated improved performance in terms of biogas production and COD reduction when evaluated against the previously conducted MAD.

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Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis

2020 , Khor Chu Yee , Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi , Muhammad Ikman Ishak , Kee Wei Chin , Mohd Uzair Mohd Rosli , Mohd Riduan Jamalludin , Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi

The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.

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Durability Studies of Solid Pellets from Torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala

2020-12-18 , Kee Wei Chin , Alina Rahayu Mohamed , Zin A.M. , Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh , Aziz A.H.A. , Mohd Qalani Che Kasim

Torrefaction of Leucaena Leucocephala was performed in a fixed bed reactor at temperature of 300 C and 20 minutes holding time under inert environment. The torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala was pelletized with starch as the binder. Two parameters were investigated such as different ratio of starch addition to torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets and the thickness of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets towards its durability. The ratios of starch addition to torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets studied were 0, 5,10,15,20 and 25 wt%. Meanwhile, the studied thickness of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets were 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 cm. It was observed that when the ratio of starch addition to torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets was varied from 0-25 wt%, the durability increased steadily and the highest durability of 56.06% was achieved at 20 wt%. When the thickness of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets was increased from 0.3-0.7 cm, the highest durability of 93.18 % was achieved at 0.5 cm thickness. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was performed on the torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets of 0 and 20 wt% ratio of starch addition. SEM images show the existence of some minor pores on the surface of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellet at 250X and 1000X magnifications.

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Chemical and biological combined treatment for sugarcane vinasse: selection of parameters and performance studies

2023-05-01 , Kee Wei Chin , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Farrah Aini Dahalan , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Eng K.M.

Sugarcane vinasse has been reported as a high strength industrial wastewater that could cause severe environmental pollution due to its complex and bio-refractory compounds. Thus, the combined coagulation and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) system was employed for the sugarcane vinasse treatment. This study aims to determine the recommended conditions of various parameters under coagulation and SBBR and investigate the effectiveness of combined processes. First, the approach of the coagulation process could achieve the maximum COD reduction and decolorization efficiencies of 79.0 ± 3.4% and 94.1 ± 1.9%, respectively, under the recommended conditions. Next, SBBR as an integrated biofilm reactor showed excellent synergistic biodegradability, removing 86.6 ± 4.3% COD concentration and 94.6 ± 3.8% color concentration at 3.0 g·COD/L of substrate loading concentration. The kinetic studies of SBBR revealed that the first-order kinetic model was the best fit for COD reduction efficiency. In contrast, the second-order kinetic model was the best fit for decolorization efficiency. The SBBR reaction was further investigated by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis). In the combined processes, SBBR followed by the coagulation process (SBBR–CP) showed greater COD reduction and decolorization efficiencies (97.5 ± 0.3 and 99.4 ± 0.1%) when compared to the coagulation process followed by SBBR (CP–SBBR). This study demonstrated the removal performance and potential application of the combined sequential process to produce effluent that can be reused for bioethanol production and fertigation. This finding provides additional insight for developing effective vinasse treatment using combined chemical and biological processes.

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Photocatalytic Degradation of Sugarcane Vinasse Using ZnO Photocatalyst: Operating Parameters, Kinetic Studies, Phytotoxicity Assessments, and Reusability

2022-02-01 , Kee Wei Chin , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Eng K.M.

Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation performance is highly related to optimized operating parameters such as initial concentration, pH value, and catalyst dosage. In this study, the impact of various parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of anaerobically digested vinasse (AnVE) has been determined through decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency using zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst. In this context, the application of photocatalytic degradation in treating sugarcane vinasse using ZnO is yet to be explored. The COD reduction efficiency and decolourization achieved 83.40% and 99.29%, respectively, under the conditions of 250 mg/L initial COD concentration, pH 10, and 2.0 g/L catalyst dosage. The phytotoxicity assessment was also conducted to determine the toxicity of AnVE before and after treatment using mung bean (Vigna radiata). The reduction of root length and the weight of mung bean indicated that the sugarcane vinasse contains enormous amounts of organic substances that affect the plant's growth. The toxicity reduction in the AnVE solution can be proved by UV–Vis absorption spectra. Furthermore, the catalyst recovery achieved 93% in the reusability test. However, the COD reduction efficiency and decolourization were reduced every cycle. It was due to the depletion of the active sites in the catalyst with the adsorption of organic molecules. Thus, it can be concluded that the photocatalytic degradation in the treatment of AnVE was effective in organic degradation, decolorization, toxicity reduction and can be reused after the recovery process. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

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Influence of Glucose Supplementation on the Organic Removal and Biomass Growth in Anaerobically Digested Vinasse (AnVE) by Using Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

2022-01-01 , Kee Wei Chin , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Deák G.

This paper analyses the effect of glucose supplementation in the treatment of anaerobically digested vinasse (AnVE) through reduction performance and biomass growth by using aerobic SBR system. The result revealed that the COD and ammonium reduction with the addition of glucose supplementation (65.3 ± 6.0 and 30.0 ± 5.5%) was greater than the reactor without glucose supplementation (23.6 ± 10.8 and 18.7 ± 6.0%). This can be due to the additional glucose as the carbon source for microbe metabolism nutrients. The biomass growth in the reactor with glucose supplementation increased rapidly over time, while there was no obvious biomass growth shown in the reactor without the addition of glucose. It is because glucose supplementation increased biomass accumulation in biomass production. The increment of biomass in the reactor with glucose supplementation can be further explained by the F/M ratio and biomass yield. The F/M ratio reduced when the biomass growth increased. Thus, the biomass yield started to decrease after the operation in week 2, until it reached maximum biomass growth. Therefore, it concluded that the addition of glucose supplementation in the treatment of AnVE showed a positive effect on the removal performance and biomass growth by using aerobic SBR.

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Effect of operating temperature in the anaerobic degradation of palm oil mill effluent: Process performance, microbial community, and biokinetic evaluation

2022-09-01 , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Kee Wei Chin

This research paper presents the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is an extension of a previously conducted mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) study. An anaerobic suspended growth closed bioreactor was operated at various hydraulic retention times (HRT) between 24 and 8 days. The effect of operating temperature on the performance, microbial identification, and biokinetic coefficients was evaluated. Performance was quantified by the production of biogas and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency. Biogas production in TAD (64.56 L/day) was higher than MAD (46.76 L/day). A higher COD reduction efficiency was also achieved in TAD (90.90%) compared to MAD (89.66%). Other than that, more species of methanogenic bacteria were also identified in TAD through 16S rDNA. Furthermore, the modified Monod model implemented in the biokinetic evaluation revealed that higher values of maximum substrate utilization rate (rx,max) and maximum specific biomass growth rate (μmax) contributed to the better performance in TAD. The high rx,max value explains the higher COD reduction efficiency obtained in TAD. The critical retention time (θC) in TAD is also higher than MAD, making it less prone to the washout of active microbes when operating near low retention times. Additionally, TAD also achieved higher methane yield (YCH4) as opposed to MAD. The extension study concluded that the TAD of POME demonstrated improved performance in terms of biogas production and COD reduction when evaluated against the previously conducted MAD.

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Kinetic Study of Substrate Inhibition on the Anaerobic Degradation of Sugarcane Vinasse

2023-10-04 , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Wong Yee Shian , Kee Wei Chin , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting

Sugarcane vinasse was utilized as a substrate in thermophilic anaerobic degradation operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 35 to 15 days, corresponding to organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.14 to 5.00 kg COD/m3.day. This study focuses on the soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) reduction performance, kinetic evaluation through substrate inhibition model and model selection through the Akaike information criterion (AIC). The efficiency of sCOD reduction reached 84.7 % at OLR of 2.14 kg COD/m3.day and declined significantly to 51.4 % at OLR of 5.00 kg COD/m3.day. The Solver tool in Microsoft Office Excel was used to fit experimental data to the substrate inhibition models in the evaluation of the maximum specific substrate utilization rate (rxmax), substrate saturation constant (KS) and substrate inhibition constant (Ki). Model discrimination was performed using AIC and Tessier model was selected as the best fitted model with the highest likelihood of occurrence. Kinetic evaluation through the Tessier model gives: rxmax = 14.6745 /day, KS = 16.3218 and Ki = 16.9691.

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Kinetic model discrimination on the biogas production in thermophilic co-digestion of sugarcane vinasse and water hyacinth

2022-08-01 , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Kee Wei Chin , Eng K.M.

Co-digestion between sugarcane vinasse (Vn) and water hyacinth (WH) at various mixing ratios of 0:1, 1:0, 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1 was carried out under thermophilic conditions (55 Â°C) for 60 days. The effect of various mixing ratios on the pH changes, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) reduction, and cumulative biogas production was investigated. The first order, modified Gompertz, and logistic function kinetic models were selected to fit the experimental data. Model discrimination was conducted through the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The study revealed that co-digestion shows better performance compared to the mono-digestion of both substrates. Vn:WH mixing ratio 1:1 with inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) of 0.38 g VSinoculum/g VSsubstrate is the most favorable ratio, achieving sCOD reduction efficiency and cumulative biogas production of 71.6% and 1229 mL, respectively. Model selection through AIC revealed that ratio 1:1 was best fitted to the logistic function kinetic model (R2 = 0.9897) with Ym and K values of 1232 mL and 31 mL/day, respectively.

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Photocatalytic degradation of sugarcane vinasse using ZnO photocatalyst: operating parameters, kinetic studies, phytotoxicity assessments, and reusability

2021 , Kee Wei Chin , Wong Yee Shian , Ong Soon An , Nabilah Aminah Lutpi , Sam Sung Ting , Audrey Chai Yee Chieh , Kim-Mun Eng

Photocatalytic degradation performance is highly related to optimized operating parameters such as initial concentration, pH value, and catalyst dosage. In this study, the impact of various parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of anaerobi‑ cally digested vinasse (AnVE) has been determined through decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efciency using zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst. In this context, the application of photocatalytic degradation in treating sugarcane vinasse using ZnO is yet to be explored. The COD reduction efciency and decolourization achieved 83.40% and 99.29%, respectively, under the conditions of 250 mg/L initial COD concentration, pH 10, and 2.0 g/L catalyst dosage. The phytotoxicity assessment was also conducted to determine the toxicity of AnVE before and after treatment using mung bean (Vigna radiata). The reduction of root length and the weight of mung bean indicated that the sugarcane vinasse contains enormous amounts of organic substances that afect the plant's growth. The toxicity reduction in the AnVE solution can be proved by UV–Vis absorption spectra. Furthermore, the catalyst recovery achieved 93% in the reusability test. However, the COD reduction efciency and decolourization were reduced every cycle. It was due to the depletion of the active sites in the catalyst with the adsorption of organic molecules. Thus, it can be concluded that the photocatalytic degradation in the treatment of AnVE was efective in organic degradation, decolorization, toxicity reduction and can be reused after the recovery process.

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