Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
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Preferred name
Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
Official Name
Hairul Nazirah, Abdul Halim
Alternative Name
Abdul Halim, Hairul Nazirah
Abdul Halim, H. N.
Hairul, N. A.H.
Abdul Halim, Hairul N.
Halim, H. N.A.
Halim, Hairul N.Abdul
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
23388800300
Researcher ID
FYZ-8202-2022

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  • Publication
    Potential of Pretreated Spent Coffee Ground as Adsorbent for Oil Adsorption
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) has the potential of becoming a low-cost adsorbent for oil removal. However, the effectiveness of SCG as an oil adsorbent is limited by its hydrophilicity. In this work, chemical pretreatment of SCG with acid and alkali was evaluated as a means of enhancing its performance for adsorbing palm cooking oil. The surface morphology of raw and pretreated SCG samples was characterised using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The functional groups were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A comparison between adsorption performances was performed in terms of contact time in batch adsorption experiments to determine the adsorption capacity of SCG-based adsorbents with oil. The SEM results showed that more developed pores were present on the acid- and alkali-treated SCG samples compared to on the raw SCG sample, while the FTIR results indicated the elimination of hydrophilic cellulose and hemicellulose on these samples. According to these results, both acid- and alkali-treated SCG have better tendencies of adsorbing oil compared to raw SCG. The maximum oil adsorption capacity (2.549 g/g) occurred after 150 min of contact time between alkali-treated SCG adsorbents and oil.
  • Publication
    Amine functionalized carbon-based soybean curd residues (SCR) as potential adsorbent for carbon dioxide adsorption
    ( 2021-05-24)
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohamad S.
    Currently, carbon dioxide (CO2) capture can preserve environmental quality by using carbon- based adsorbent. In this research, Polyethylenehexamine (PEHA) functionalized carbon-based soybean curd residues (carbonized SCR-PEHA) was prepared for CO2 adsorption. Analysis of functional groups of the prepared adsorbent using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), confirmed the functionalization of PEHA on the carbonized SCR. CO2 uptake of the carbonized SCR-PEHA was compared with the bare SCR using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) analysis. TGA results revealed that the adsorption capacity of CO2 for carbonized SCR-PEHA and bare SCR are 8.816 mg/g and 3.027 mg/g respectively. It was observed that functionalization of the PEHA on the surface of carbonized SCR had improved the adsorption capacity of CO2 by 2.92 times as compared to bare SCR. The phenomenon can be explained from the interaction of the CO2 with the available amine sites provided for the carbonized SCR-PEHA which significantly improved the CO2 adsorption. Hence, the carbonized SCR-PEHA demonstrate potential adsorbent for CO2.
  • Publication
    An integrated DFT calculation and adsorption study of desiccated coconut waste-based biochar in CO2 environment
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Rafizah Rahamathullah
    ;
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Razak F.I.A.
    ;
    Sapari S.
    Abstract: This study presents a new series of amine-functionalized biochar derived from desiccated coconut waste (amine-biochar@DCW) as potential CO2 adsorbents. The CO2 adsorption experiment revealed that TETA-biochar@DCW had the highest adsorption capacity of 61.78 mg/g. Prior to the experimental studies, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was conducted at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) to evaluate the energy band gap, global chemical reactivity descriptors (GCRD), and molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) to compare the experimental findings. The results from the simulated data indicate that TETA-biochar@DCW has the lowest HOMO–LUMO gap at 2.7890 eV before adsorption, and it increases after CO2 adsorption occurs. The 3D plots from MEP also show that TETA-biochar@DCW is a reactive adsorbent for CO2 gases. Overall, the theoretical and experimental results of the amine-biochar@DCW suggest its potential as a promising and cost-effective adsorbent for CO2 capture. Highlights: • Newly prepared amine-biochar@DCW was assessed as CO2 adsorbents. • TETA-biochar@DCW presents the highest CO2 capture capacity. • TETA substituents significantly reduce the HOMO-LUMO gap values. • 3D MEP plots confirm the adsorption ability of TETA-biochar@DCW towards CO2 gases. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
  • Publication
    Impact of N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone in Monoethanolamine solution to the CO₂ absorption in packed column: analysis via mathematical modeling
    (Penerbit UKM, 2020)
    L.S. Tan
    ;
    A.M. Shariff
    ;
    W.H. Tay
    ;
    K.K. Lau
    ;
    T. Tsuji
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    This work investigates the reason behind the change of CO₂ absorption behaviour exhibited by monoethanolamine (MEA) solution via mathematical modeling analysis when physical absorbent, i.e. n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), was added into the solution. The mathematical modeling included the heat model using time resolved numerical method. Based on the results, it was found that lower CO₂ removal performance with the addition of NMP into MEA solution at pressure of 0.1 MPa was mainly due to the lower temperature rise along the column, which resulted in lower reaction rate. However, at 3 and 5 MPa pressure conditions, the high physical absorption capability contributed by the presence of NMP in MEA hybrid solution enhanced the CO₂ absorption performance of MEA hybrid solution significantly. As such, temperature rise of solution was identified as the dominating factor affecting the performance of the hybrid solvent. The reaction rate of MEA was not affected by the addition of physical solvent. This finding shed crucial insight on the behaviour MEA-NMP hybrid solution which can be applied during scale-up of the process.
  • Publication
    Nitrate adsorption using spent coffee ground: kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies
    (Springer, 2023-09)
    Viga Rajiman
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Lian See Tan
    Excess amount of nitrate in water bodies can have harmful effects on humans and aquatic life. In this current study, the effectiveness of spent coffee grounds as adsorbents in nitrate adsorption from an aqueous solution was investigated. Spent coffee ground (SCG) was activated using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and used in the batch adsorption experiment. The removal performance was evaluated at different contact times ranging between 1 and 6 h. Removal efficiency was increased with the longest contact time of 6 h. Meanwhile, when nitrate concentration was increased from 100 to 500 mg/L, the removal efficiency was also increased from 39 to 78%. A temperature range of 298–328 K was applied in this study and the optimum operating temperature for nitrate adsorption was found to be at 308 K. Based on the experimental data, the Freundlich model showed R2 at 0.9802, which was the highest for the adsorption of nitrate using SCGs. In addition, the pseudo-first order kinetics model fitted the nitrate adsorption trend the best (R2 = 0.9652). The thermodynamic parameters obtained from this study described nitrate adsorption using SCG as endothermic in nature that required an external energy source for the interaction. This study has proven that spent coffee grounds activated by HCl have the potential of being an adsorbent for nitrate removal.
  • Publication
    Utilization of spent coffee ground as adsorbent for Nitrate removal
    (Springer, 2023)
    Viga Rajiman
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    The annual rise in global coffee consumption has resulted in large amounts of discarded spent coffee ground following the brewing process. Spent coffee ground is a biomass waste that can be utilized in various applications. The present study aimed to assess the possibility of using spent coffee grounds as an alternative adsorbent to remove nitrate from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed at 298 K and the spent coffee ground underwent a chemical pre-treatment using hydrochloric acid (HCl) at different concentrations. The results showed that the most suitable pre-treatment concentration was 0.4 M of HCl. Experiments were also conducted to study the effects of the solution pH (pH 3–9) and adsorbent dosage (0.2–1.0 g) in terms of nitrate removal efficiency. The experimental data showed that the highest nitrate removal efficiency occurred at pH 4 with 58 ± 0.69% removal efficiency. The adsorption performance was improved from 34% to 68 ± 0.58% as the adsorbent increased from 0.2 g to 1.0 g. These results showed that spent coffee ground could potentially be utilized as the adsorbent for removing nitrate from aqueous solutions.
  • Publication
    Performance of fatty acid-modified spent coffee grounds as a potential adsorbent for oil adsorption
    ( 2022-11-18)
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    Problems caused by fats, oils, and grease (FOG) in sewer systems have escalated over the years. FOG produced from households, restaurants, stalls, and food processing facilities have contaminated water resources through the sewer system. Thus, trace removal of oil from wastewater is a necessary measure to ensure minimal discharge of FOG into the environment. In the present study, due to the high volumes of coffee waste with no commercial value being generated daily, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were exploited as an oil adsorbent. However, due to their low hydrophobicity, SCG tend to have limited oil adsorption capacity. In this work, SCG underwent pre-treatment using alkali and were further modified with waste cooking oil (WCO) that contained free fatty acids (FFAs) at different ratios (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30) in order to enhance their oil adsorption performance. The performance of the synthesised adsorbents was tested in a batch adsorption process at different contact times. From the batch adsorption test, the highest oil adsorption capacity (2.807 ± 0.086?g/g) was observed using the 1:10 ratio of SCG to FFAs-WCO within 180?min of contact time.
      31  1
  • Publication
    Enhanced Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide by Phosphoric Acid-Modified Soybean Curd Residue Biochar
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohamad S.
    ;
    Mat Hussin S.A.
    Biochar is being increasingly applied for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture to preserve environmental quality. The use of soybean waste, soybean curd residue (SCR) as CO2 adsorbents can help to reduce the uncontrolled disposal of SCR. In this research, SCR-based biochar (Biochar@SCR) was prepared by pyrolysis process. For chemical activation, Biochar@SCR was immersed for 12 hours in 42.5 wt.% H3PO4 solution at 1:1 ratio (g precursor/g H3PO4) to obtain Biochar@SCR-M1. Biochar@SCR-M2 was produced when Biochar@SCR-M1 was pyrolyzed again at 5000C for 2 hours. Elemental and functional groups analyses showed the presence of elemental phosphorus (P) and functional groups of P=O or P=OOH for Biochar@SCR-M1 and Biochar@SCR-M2, suggesting the chemical modification using H3PO4 was successful. Morphological analysis revealed the formation of pores after the pyrolysis process and chemical treatment with H3PO4. Analysis of CO2 adsorption depicted that the adsorption capacities of SCR, Biochar@SCR, Biochar@SCR-M1, and Biochar@SCR-M2 were 3.00 mg/g, 25.21 mg/g, 30.50 mg/g, and 36.00 mg/g, respectively. This result proved the increased CO2 sorption for H3PO4-treated Biochar@SCR, suggesting that phosphoric acid modification is an effective method for preparing biochar with high carbon dioxide adsorption.
      27  4
  • Publication
    Performance of Alkali-Treated Spent Coffee Ground as Potential Adsorbent for Oil Adsorption
    ( 2023-06-09)
    Nasaruddin N.F.N.
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Zulfakar Mokhtar
    ;
    Tan L.S.
    ;
    Jusoh N.W.C.
    The increase in food industrial and domestic activities have led to massive generations of oily wastewater with high proportions of fat, oil, and grease (FOG). The growing awareness of the detrimental effects of oil pollutants on the aquatic population and the economy, has made the minimal discharge of FOG into the environment a compulsory mitigative measure. In this work, spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were exploited as an oil adsorbent to minimize the amount of SCGs that are primarily discarded as waste. SCGs were pre-treated with alkali to enhance their performance for adsorbing oil. Batch adsorption tests that consisted of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature for oil adsorption, were carried out to analyse the performance of the alkali-treated SCGs. Based on the results, the maximum oil adsorption capacity was obtained after 150 min of contact time between 0.5g of alkali-treated SCG adsorbents and oil, at 25 °C. These alkali-treated SCGs have also shown the potential for converting wastes into efficient green oil adsorbents.
      2  30
  • Publication
    New porous amine-functionalized biochar-based desiccated coconut waste as efficient CO2 adsorbents
    ( 2024-03-01)
    Zakaria D.S.
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohamad S.
    ;
    Zheng G.K.
    Climate change caused by the greenhouse gases CO2 remains a topic of global concern. To mitigate the excessive levels of anthrophonic CO2 in the atmosphere, CO2 capture methods have been developed and among these, adsorption is an especially promising method. This paper presents a series of amine functionalized biochar obtained from desiccated coconut waste (amine-biochar@DCW) for use as CO2 adsorbent. They are ethylenediamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (EDA-biochar@DCW), diethylenetriamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (DETA-biochar@DCW), triethylenetetramine-functionalized biochar@DCW (TETA-biochar@DCW), tetraethylenepentamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (TEPA-biochar@DCW), and pentaethylenehexamine-functionalized biochar@DCW (PEHA-biochar@DCW). The adsorbents were obtained through amine functionalization of biochar and they are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CO2 adsorption study was conducted isothermally and using a thermogravimetric analyzer. From the results of the characterization analyses, a series of amine-biochar@DCW adsorbents had larger specific surface area in the range of 16.2 m2/g–37.1 m2/g as compare to surface area of pristine DCW (1.34 m2/g). Furthermore, the results showed an increase in C and N contents as well as the appearance of NH stretching, NH bending, CN stretching, and CN bending, suggesting the presence of amine on the surface of biochar@DCW. The CO2 adsorption experiment shows that among the amine modified biochar adsorbents, TETA-biochar@DCW has the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (61.78 mg/g) when using a mass ratio (m:m) of biochar@DCW:TETA (1:2). The adsorption kinetics on the TETA-biochar@DCW was best fitted by the pseudo-second model (R2 = 0.9998), suggesting the adsorption process occurs through chemisorption. Additionally, TETA-biochar@DCW was found to have high selectivity toward CO2 gas and good reusability even after five CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles. The results demonstrate the potential of novel CO2 adsorbents based on amine functionalized on desiccated coconut waste biochar. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
      2  30