Khairul Nizar Ismail
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Preferred name
Khairul Nizar Ismail
Official Name
Ismail, Khairul Nizar
Alternative Name
Ismail, Kahirul Nizar
Nizar, Khairul
Nizar, Ismail Khairul
Khairul Nizar, Ismail
Nizar, K.
Khairul Nizar, I.
Ismail, Khairul Nizar Bin
Nizar, I. Khairul
Nizar, I. K.
Ismail, K. N.
Nizar Ismail, Khairul
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
51161627800
Researcher ID
B-9259-2012

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  • Publication
    Microstructure study between lightweight aggregates and cement matrix
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2010-06-09)
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Kamarudin Hussin
    This paper presents a study of lightweight aggregates microstructure using Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). This paper examined the topography of the interfacial zone and the characteristic of the surface pores of the lightweight aggregate concrete. The porous surface of LWA improved the interfacial bond between the aggregate and cement paste by providing interlocking sites for the cement paste forming a dense and uniform interfacial zone.
  • Publication
    A study of industrial water pollution at Kawasan Perindustrian Jejawi, Perlis
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2010-06-09)
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Juliana Abdul Rahman
    Hundred and ten water samples were collected for heavy metal and water quality analysis along Sungai Jejawi. Sampling was conducted four times over a period of a month, six times over a period of weekday and weekends and also seven times over a period of a week on December 2009. DR2800 Spectrophotometer and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine Mn, Cu, Zn and Cr .All the selected heavy metal such as Cu (0.42 mg/L), Mn (0.178 mg/L), Cr (0.091 mg/L) and Zn (0.05 mg/L) had followed the Standard quality. For the XRF determination the trend of heavy metals in water system is Ru> Pd >P> Ca> Hf >Al> Cu >Fe >Os. This river was classified into class III, based on Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (INWQS) which is it can be use as second water supply, but it required conventional treatment.
  • Publication
    Viability Study on Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Combustion Waste
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Mohamed S.A.
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Zailani W.W.A.
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Laslo L.
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    The substitution or addition of new supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in the production of variety of construction materials has gained much interest. One of the examples of SCM is incineration ash which consist of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) which are the residues from the ignition of biomass and can brings applicable ecological advantages. However, the properties of this new materials need to be investigated to ensure its full potential can be developed. Therefore, this study is initiated to identify the characteristics of incineration ash from local source in Malaysia. To identify the elemental components of ashes, most widely method was adopted which is using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The quantity of unburned carbon in fly ash is measured by loss on ignition, which has a major influence on the product's characteristics. In addition, specific gravity and density were also determined and comparison has been made with cement. In this study it was found out that XRF results shows that both FA and BA consist of the same mineral composition with OPC majorly in silica, aluminium, calcium, and iron which makes is suitable to be used in the concrete. For LOI, the value for BA is much higher compared with FA due to the amount of unburnt carbon in its original compositions and the incomplete burning due to insufficient contact time in the furnace. Based on the result obtained for LOI, the average LOI value for FA and BA is 17.33 % and 44.67 %, respectively. As expected, for the specific gravity and density, FA having the lowest specific gravity and density. The density obtained for FA is 755 kg/m3 and for BA is 593 kg/m3. Overall, the use of incineration ash can be fully investigated by exploring other parameter that influence the performance of construction materials.
      4  32
  • Publication
    Recycling municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as cement replacement in concrete
    ( 2020-12-29)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    Cement was a binder material that used in concrete industry. The cost production was very expensive due to the high global demand. Therefore, as a new alternative to replace the used of cement in concrete, which was bottom ash. The objectives of this study were to investigate properties of cement matric of concrete containing bottom ash, and to observe the ability of bottom ash as a binder. Based on the result on XRF, Ordinary Portland Cement and bottom ash had nearly similar compounds of Calcium and Silica. Results of slump test indicate that concrete contains of 10 %- 30% bottom ash cause the true slump. Determination of the capability and strength of concrete obtained from water absorption test. Percentage of water absorbed increases with increasingly of proportion bottom ash. The strength of concrete for compression test was 27.5 MPa for 10 % of bottom ash that achieved the targeted. Higher percentage of bottom ash replacement affected matrix C-S-H (calcium silicate-hydrate) bond. Interfacial transition zone surface and scanning electron microscope observations confirm these findings. Therefore, municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash can act partly replace cement in concrete but would not exceed 30% of usage.
      7  33
  • Publication
    Influence of Cement Paste Containing Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash on the Strength Behavior of Concrete
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Ainaa Syamimi Abdul Hamid
    ;
    Boboc M.
    Cement in construction has become a vital requirement to build up the buildings, which may increase the expenses in construction. Materials that have the potential to replace cement would be proposing. This study used municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) as a partial replacement for cement. MSWIBA used in this study was a by-product from the incineration process and had compound content that was almost the same as cement. The treated bottom ash in the range of 0 to 30% and 10% of untreated bottom ash mixture use in this study. Mechanical and physical properties of concrete analysed with a few tests such as slump test, water absorption test, compressive strength test, heat exposure test and residual strength test after heating has proceeded. The workability of fresh concrete was measured by performing a slump test. Based on the compressive strength result, the 10% substitution of treated bottom ash was achieved the highest strength in testing in 7 and 28 days. Meantime, the control concrete obtained the best thermal insulator because of a smaller number of cracks on the surface of the concrete than that bottom ash concrete surface. After heated, the concrete was tested on compressive strength again to investigate the residual compressive strength. The highest residual surpasses gained by 10% bottom ash (treated) as a partial substitution in cement. Based on the overall test carried out, 10% of bottom ash replacement as cement is the optimum amount of bottom ash required to surpass the strength of the control sample.
      2  33
  • Publication
    Influence of cement paste containing municipal solid waste bottom ash on the strength behavior of concrete
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-01-01)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Hamid A.S.A.
    ;
    Boboc M.
    Cement in construction has become a vital requirement to build up the buildings, which may increase the expenses in construction. Materials that have the potential to replace cement would be proposing. This study used municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) as a partial replacement for cement. MSWIBA used in this study was a by-product from the incineration process and had compound content that was almost the same as cement. The treated bottom ash in the range of 0 to 30% and 10% of untreated bottom ash mixture use in this study. Mechanical and physical properties of concrete analysed with a few tests such as slump test, water absorption test, compressive strength test, heat exposure test and residual strength test after heating has proceeded. The workability of fresh concrete was measured by performing a slump test. Based on the compressive strength result, the 10% substitution of treated bottom ash was achieved the highest strength in testing in 7 and 28 days. Meantime, the control concrete obtained the best thermal insulator because of a smaller number of cracks on the surface of the concrete than that bottom ash concrete surface. After heated, the concrete was tested on compressive strength again to investigate the residual compressive strength. The highest residual surpasses gained by 10% bottom ash (treated) as a partial substitution in cement. Based on the overall test carried out, 10% of bottom ash replacement as cement is the optimum amount of bottom ash required to surpass the strength of the control sample.
      2  2
  • Publication
    Effects of metakoalin on municipal solid waste incineration (Mswi) bottom ash-cement composite
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Khairel Rafezi Ahmad
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) produce by products which can be classified as bottom and fly ashes. The bottom ash (BA) accounts for 85-90% of solid product resulting from municipal solid waste combustion. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as a supplementary cementations material for the preparation of blended cement. The used of bottom ash as a research material is because of substances contained in bottom ash which is almost same with cement. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis was used to determine chemical compositions of the BA and metakoalin (MK) used in this study. Five series of concrete mix design had been examined which contained different percentage of bottom ash and metakaolin as partial replacement for cement in concrete mixes by volume. A few test such as workability, water absorption, and compression test were carried out to investigate properties of grade 20 concrete incorporating bottom ash and metakaolin. The concrete cubes were tested at age of 7 and 28 days to study the development its compressive strength. Concrete mix design with 10% BA and 10% MK shows the highest strength of 32.9 MPa and surpassed strength 20 MPa. Bottom ash was found to have some reactivity, but without greatly affecting the hydration process of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 10% replacement with 10% metakaolin is required to be used in the production of concrete in order to improve strength.
      29  4
  • Publication
    Potential use of foam in the production of lightweight aggregate (LWA) and its performance in foamed concrete
    ( 2020-06-10)
    Mohamad Ibrahim N.
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Nazmi N.
    This paper discusses about the production and characteristic of lightweight bubble aggregate and foamed concrete. Lightweight aggregates (LWA) are produced by mixing an appropriate amount of foam and ordinary Portland cement and pelletized into assigned size and shape. Then, the characteristics of LWA are identified to ensure that aggregate produced can be categorized into LWA with acceptable qualities. For the foamed concrete, its performances are tested and studied by selecting five different percentages for partial substitution of LWA as coarse aggregate. Main aim of the research is to identify the characteristic of lightweight foamed concrete such as density, water absorption, aggregate impact value (AIV), compressive strength after using LWA as an alternative material for construction industry. This aim also in parallel to main idea of reducing the usage of natural coarse aggregate which is granite that is facing serious depletion. Three different percentages of concrete mixtures using LWA have been prepared that consist of 25% and 50% of LWA together with control sample that contained 100% natural coarse aggregate. These three different mixes are produced manually where the mortars, foam, granite and LWA were mixed together in mixer. The samples have undergone several testing including density test, water absorption test and compression test. Microstructure of the samples also was examined using SEM. From the results obtained, foamed concrete that were produced with 25% substitution of LWA showed the highest compressive strength of 10.74 MPa with density of 1735 kg/m3. In conclusion, LWA have shown promising potential to be used in the foamed concrete production.
      1  27
  • Publication
    Recycling fly ash from MSWI for artificial aggregate production for concrete
    ( 2020-12-29)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    This study focusses on the development of new lightweight aggregate (LWA) that eventually will have comparable properties with existing natural aggregate which is granite. The main objectives of this study is to examine potential use of recycled municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash as raw material in LWA production with a method of cold-bonded palletization process. The ashes are collected from Cameron Highland Incineration Plant, Malaysia that can be divided into bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA). This study uses FA as partial raw material to substitute the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The properties FA are studied by means of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The LWA is fly ash lightweight aggregate (FALA). The production of LWA is based on cold-bonded palletization technique. FALA have experienced two different curing process for 28 days namely room-room (RR) and room-water (RW) curing conditions. The percentage of FA used in this study is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of cement replacement and the size is fixed between 10 mm to 20 mm with circular shape. The properties of FALA produced in this study is examined including loose bulk density, and aggregate impact value (AIV). Other physical properties including colour and texture are also being investigated. From the results of LWA it is clearly seen that 20% FA were the best percentage of ash used to produce good quality LWA. Loose bulk density of FALA selected is 716.72 kg/m3 and AIV 13.80%.
      4  33
  • Publication
    Strength and microstructural study of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC) using Lightweight Expended Clay Aggregates (LECA)
    (Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2020)
    Khairul Nizar Ismail
    ;
    Fatihah Halim
    Concrete is a composite material that consists of a cement and aggregate particles. Microstructure is the small scale structure of a material, defined as the structure of a prepared surface of material as revealed by a microscope. There is strong evidence that aggregate type is a factor in the strength of concrete. The objective of this research is to investigate the properties of concrete that are containing the lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA). Digital microscope was used to analyses the formation mechanism of microstructure in concrete. LECA were used in production of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) with the size 50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm. This paper deals with observation of the concrete microstructure to point out some differences that would be responsible for strength of concrete. The results show that, LECA has several improvements when compared with conventional crushed aggregate. The concrete specimens were used to validate the existence of an interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in concrete. The microstructure features are discussed with respect to their influence on the strength development of concrete.
      1  5