International Journal of Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy (IJBUSE)

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/1581
The International Journal of Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy (IJBUSE) aim is to engage and disseminate knowledge in all the related areas of utilization of biomass, waste to wealth conversion, bioenergy, biotransformations and bioresource systems analysis, and technologies associated with conversion or production. For Bioenergy Processes, fermentations, thermochemical conversions, liquid and gaseous fuels, and petrochemical substitutes are also discussed. Types of papers published are: Full-length original research papers; Short communications; Review articles; Letters to the Editor.

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Browsing International Journal of Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy (IJBUSE) by Subject "Activated carbon"
  • Publication
    Activated carbon derived from Jackfruit seeds for oil adsorption
    ( 2024-07)
    Zi Ching Chan
    ;
    Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Siti Khalijah Mahmad Rozi
    Activated carbons (AC) are widely used as adsorbents for treating oily wastewater. An effective, cheap and environmental-friendly method for oil adsorption by using AC derived from jackfruit seeds (JS) was developed in this study. The JS were chemically activated with different concentrations (10 wt.% and 15 wt.%) of chemical activating agents (H3PO4 and ZnCl2) to produce activated carbon. The optimum conditions for developing AC from JS with the highest oil adsorption capacity was found using 15 wt.% ZnCl2, and carbonised at 500°C resulting in maximum adsorption capacity of 0.8621 g/g. Raw JS and jackfruit seed-derived activated carbon (JSAC) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. The influence of process parameters such as contact times (0 – 240 minutes), adsorbent dosages (0.5 – 2.5 g) and adsorption temperatures (25 – 65 °C) for oil adsorption were investigated. The results showed that the optimum parameters for maximum adsorption capacity were as follows; 120 minutes of contact time, adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g and at 35 °C. At this condition, the highest oil adsorption capacity was achieved at 1.5674 g/g. The adsorption kinetic studies depicted that the oil adsorption mechanism was represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model which implies that the adsorption is a chemisorption process. Jackfruit seeds had been proven to have the capability as an effective adsorbent for oil adsorption.
  • Publication
    Effect of microwave-assisted CO₂ pyrolysis on the production of activated carbon from confiscated cigarettes
    ( 2023-07)
    Lee Jian Wei
    ;
    Ku Syahidah Ku Ismail
    ;
    Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop
    ;
    Mohd Azmier Ahmad
    Confiscated cigarettes are a significant problem worldwide, and in Malaysia, the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) Perlis had confiscated 1.5 billion sticks of cigarettes from 2016 to 2019 and the cost of disposal reached RM1.2 billion. Confiscated cigarettes are commonly disposed by incineration which can cause environmental pollution. In this study, the cigarette tobacco was converted into activated carbon (AC) via microwave-assisted CO₂ pyrolysis. The tobacco was first carbonized at 300℃, followed by carbon dioxide (CO₂) activation under microwave heating. The highest yield, 31% was obtained at 616W for 6 min. The BET surface area for tobacco, char and the best AC produced were 1.99, 1.21 and 1.69 m2/g, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) of dye removal from AC showed that the optimum condition with the best adsorption properties was achieved at 364 Watt for 2 minutes, which resulted in 87.4% removal of methylene blue (MB). Due to the low surface area, the capability of the AC to adsorb MB dye might be assisted by a diversified factors that contributes to the adsorption mechanism. Modelling of the adsorption data also showed that the adsorption process occurs in multilayers of the adsorbent, best fit to the Freundlich isotherm. Microwaveassisted CO₂ pyrolysis shows potential in the production of AC from tobacco and could be further improved to increase the surface area.
  • Publication
    Effect of Microwave-Assisted CO₂ Pyrolysis on the production of activated carbon from confiscated cigarettes
    ( 2023-07)
    Lee Jian Wei
    ;
    Ku Syahidah Ku Ismail
    ;
    Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop
    ;
    Mohd Azmier Ahmad
    Confiscated cigarettes are a significant problem worldwide, and in Malaysia, the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) Perlis had confiscated 1.5 billion sticks of cigarettes from 2016 to 2019 and the cost of disposal reached RM1.2 billion. Confiscated cigarettes are commonly disposed by incineration which can cause environmental pollution. In this study, the cigarette tobacco was converted into activated carbon (AC) via microwave-assisted CO₂ pyrolysis. The tobacco was first carbonized at 300°C, followed by carbon dioxide (CO₂) activation under microwave heating. The highest yield, 31% was obtained at 616W for 6 min. The BET surface area for tobacco, char and the best AC produced were 1.99, 1.21 and 1.69 m2/g, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) of dye removal from AC showed that the optimum condition with the best adsorption properties was achieved at 364 Watt for 2 minutes, which resulted in 87.4% removal of methylene blue (MB). Due to the low surface area, the capability of the AC to adsorb MB dye might be assisted by a diversified factors that contributes to the adsorption mechanism. Modelling of the adsorption data also showed that the adsorption process occurs in multilayers of the adsorbent, best fit to the Freundlich isotherm. Microwave-assisted CO2pyrolysis shows potential in the production of AC from tobacco and could be further improved to increase the surface area.
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