Enhanced distributed mobility management scheme for IP-WSN based on sensor proxy MIPV6

Mobility management protocols are very essential in the new research area of Internet of Things (IoT). This is mainly due to the fact that the static attributes of nodes are no longer dominant in the current and emerging applications. IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks (IP-WSNs) provide a tremendous potential, and aim to track and locate Mobile Nodes (MNs) efficiently to provide the user with full access to information irrespective of their locations. Sensor Proxy Mobile IPv6 (SPMIPv6), is an adaptation of the network based basic PMIPv6 protocol known as Centralized Mobility Management (CMM). The drawbacks of the CMM scheme, such as scalability, non-optimal routes, and single points of failure, led to the development of a Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) scheme. The goals of this thesis are: firstly, to design an enhanced architecture for SPMIPv6 called the Distributed SPMIPv6 approach; this solution aimed to de-couple the control and data plane entities. The Sensor Local Mobility Anchor’s (SLMA) job is confined to maintaining Binding Cache management operations. The Dynamic Mobile Access Gateways (DMAG) are enriched by mobility anchoring functions with a unique set of global prefixes, maintain a Local Binding Cache (LBC) for the MNs attached to it to enable the sending and parsing of control messages to update the mobility sessions, act as a data plain router provided with links to the Internet, and offers no tunneling policy to forward packets to and from the Internet that do not imply paths traversing through SLMA. Secondly, it is to enhance fast handoff schemes based on the DSPMIPv6 architecture to reduce the handoff signaling cost and dropped packet size called Distributed Fast Proxy MIPv6 (DSPMIPv6). Thirdly, to develop a new Route Optimization (RO) scheme called Distributed Route Optimization (DRO), which provides fast recovery of the RO status after MN handoff using a low handoff signaling cost. The numerical and simulation results using the Omnet++ simulator, prove that the proposed DSPMIPv6 outperforms both PMIPv6 and SPMIPv6 in terms of the SLMA load by 54% and 56%, Signaling Cost by 28% and 25%, handoff latency by 69% and 61% and end-to-end delay by 45% and 65%. The simulation results prove that the proposed DFPMIPv6 scheme outperforms the PMIPv6, MFPMIPv6 and HFPMIPv6 in terms of handoff latency by 47 %, 56% and 52 % respectively, while guaranteeing a low dropped packet size by 79% compared with the basic PMIPv6. The use of DMAG has a good impact on the total performance. This is due to the provision of a buffer scheme close to the communicating DMAGs and reducing the handoff latency. Lastly the new DRO provides fast recovery of the RO status after MN handoff using a low handoff signaling cost. The simulation results prove that the proposed DRO scheme outperforms the previous work in terms of the wired link delay; the total cost was reduced by approximately 28% and 38% and total cost was reduced by 71% and 77% as compared with those of LIRO and ABRO, respectively.