Duty cycle optimization using game theory two master nodes cooperative protocol in wireless body area networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is communication networks of sensors (and/or actuators) placed on, inside, or around the body that represent a new generation of personal area networks with different implementation challenges. WBAN sensors are small, and they are embedded with a finite source, which is not the case for traditional wireless sensor networks (WSN). Retransmission of data due to fading and collisions is the primary source of wasted energy, thus avoiding collisions is a technique that is used to achieve better power consumption and to reduce Bit Error Rate (BER). MATLAB is used in this thesis as a tool for computational programming. In this thesis, a new protocol of two master nodes-based cooperative protocol (TMNCP) is proposed to reduce data retransmission and improve reliability by improving duty cycle to reduce BER, power consumption and improve Energy efficiency. To optimize BER, power consumption, and duty cycle optimization Game Theory Two master nodes-based cooperative protocol (GT-TMNCP) is proposed. In the proposed protocol, two master nodes were considered, that is, the belt master node and the outer body master node. The master nodes work cooperatively to avoid the retransmission process by sensors due to fading and collision, reducing the bit error rate (BER), which results in a reduction of the duty cycle and average transmission power. In addition, a mathematical model of the duty cycle has been presented with the proposed protocol for the WBAN. In order to enhance duty cycle, an effective method of data-rate transmission which delivers the data across multiple paths effectively is required. A non-cooperative game theoretic approach has been proposed, based on the utilization of spectrum leasing mechanism that is pricing-based, while there is joint determination of the parameter price c (cost) by WBAN sensor and D2D users. All chosen cognitive users’ (D2D users) utilised cooperative powers that is optimal and that is capable of being fulfilled through a non-cooperative game among themselves. The results show that the proposed TMNCP reduced the BER by a factor of 4 compared to the direct transmission model. The power consumption is reduced by a factor of 0.21 and energy efficiency is improved by 69% as compared to the direct transmission mode. Duty cycle is enhanced further in the proposed GT-TMNCP by 13%, leading to a reduction of BER by 3 times compared to TMNCP, and improved power consumption by 14% lower than TMNCP for shadowing 5 dB, Critical Index Data (IC) IC=3 and 5, representing maximum critical data. The results also exhibit that BER is reduced up to 8 times, Duty Cycle (DC) is enhanced by 8% , and Power consumption (PC) by 7% for shadowing 9 dB, IC=7 compared to QoS optimization approach and TMNCP. This shows the potential of the proposed technique to be used in future wearable wireless sensors and systems.